CN112510810B - Automobile and monitoring circuit of power supply system thereof - Google Patents

Automobile and monitoring circuit of power supply system thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112510810B
CN112510810B CN202011438042.5A CN202011438042A CN112510810B CN 112510810 B CN112510810 B CN 112510810B CN 202011438042 A CN202011438042 A CN 202011438042A CN 112510810 B CN112510810 B CN 112510810B
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China
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electrically connected
power supply
monitoring circuit
resistor
circuit
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CN202011438042.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112510810A (en
Inventor
赵楠楠
隋建鹏
尹光雨
王强
赵目龙
廖波
倪子善
邓鹏�
王祎帆
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FAW Group Corp
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FAW Group Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/36—Arrangements using end-cell switching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses an automobile and a monitoring circuit of a power supply system thereof, wherein the automobile power supply system comprises double storage batteries, the double storage batteries comprise a first storage battery and a second storage battery, and the monitoring circuit comprises: the automobile emergency running management system comprises a first power supply monitoring circuit, a second power supply monitoring circuit, a processor, a relay driving circuit and a relay, wherein the first power supply monitoring circuit and the second power supply monitoring circuit are used for respectively monitoring and acquiring information of a first storage battery and information of a second storage battery in real time and transmitting the acquired information to the processor, when the first storage battery is insufficient to guarantee normal starting or working of an automobile due to power shortage, the processor controls the relay driving circuit to control on-off between a movable contact and a fixed contact of the relay, so that the first storage battery and the second storage battery are connected in parallel in time to improve output, parallel management of the two storage batteries is achieved, and the problem that the automobile cannot be started or emergency running mileage is short due to power shortage and aging of the storage batteries is solved.

Description

Automobile and monitoring circuit of power supply system thereof
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the battery management technology of automobiles, in particular to an automobile and a monitoring circuit of a power supply system of the automobile.
Background
Along with automobile industry's development, the power demand of electron is higher and higher in the car, and traditional car adopts the power supply of single battery, and whole car all can't work when the battery is insufficient or damages, so the single battery power supply mode can't satisfy the demand.
Current car adopts two battery supplies power usually, and the voltage of two batteries is monitored respectively to the control unit, specifically has two kinds of situations: 1. when the automobile is started and operated, only the main storage battery is used for supplying power, when the main storage battery reaches a monitoring threshold value, the main storage battery is switched to supply power to the other storage battery, and the switching action is realized by simply controlling an ST-gear switch (START gear) and an ACC-gear switch (air-conditioning switch); 2. when the automobile starts to run, one storage battery is adopted to supply power to the vehicle-mounted controller, the other equipment is adopted to supply power to other electric equipment, and the two storage batteries are respectively and independently managed; however, when system failure, insufficient battery power supply and other conditions occur, the conventional battery management mode cannot ensure normal starting of the automobile and a sufficiently long emergency driving distance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an automobile and a monitoring circuit of a power supply system thereof, which are used for realizing parallel monitoring management of double storage batteries, so that the automobile can still be normally started when the storage batteries are in power shortage, aging and other conditions, and the emergency driving mileage can meet the requirements.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a monitoring circuit for an automotive power supply system, where the automotive power supply system includes two storage batteries, where the two storage batteries include a first storage battery and a second storage battery, and the monitoring circuit includes: the power supply monitoring device comprises a first power supply monitoring circuit, a second power supply monitoring circuit, a processor, a relay driving circuit and a relay;
the input end of the first power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the first storage battery, and the output end of the first power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the first input end of the processor; the first power supply monitoring circuit is used for acquiring first electric quantity information of the first storage battery and outputting the first electric quantity information to the processor;
the input end of the second power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the second storage battery, and the output end of the second power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the second input end of the processor; the second power supply monitoring circuit is used for acquiring second electric quantity information of the second storage battery and outputting the second electric quantity information to the processor;
the output end of the processor is electrically connected with the input end of the relay driving circuit; the processor is used for outputting a control signal to the relay drive circuit according to the first electric quantity information and/or the second electric quantity information;
a first output end and a second output end of the relay driving circuit are respectively and electrically connected with a power supply end and a grounding end of the relay, and a movable contact and a fixed contact of the relay are respectively and electrically connected with the first storage battery and the second storage battery; and the relay driving circuit is used for outputting a driving signal to the relay according to the control signal and controlling the movable contact and the fixed contact of the relay to be connected or disconnected.
Optionally, the relay driving circuit includes a high-side switch, a low-side switch and a mechanical switch;
the enabling end of the high-side switch is electrically connected with the first output end of the processor, the power supply end of the high-side switch is electrically connected with a power supply, the output end of the high-side switch is electrically connected with the first terminal of the mechanical switch, and the grounding end of the high-side switch is grounded; the high-side switch is used for controlling the power supply to output to the first end of the mechanical switch according to a first control signal output by the processor;
the enabling end of the low-side switch is electrically connected with the second output end of the processor, the grounding end of the low-side switch is grounded, and the output end of the low-side switch is electrically connected with the second end of the mechanical switch; the low-side switch is used for controlling the grounding signal of the grounding terminal to be output to the second end of the mechanical switch according to a second control signal output by the processor;
the third end of the mechanical switch is electrically connected with the power supply end of the relay, the fourth end of the mechanical switch is electrically connected with the grounding end of the relay, the power supply end of the mechanical switch receives the power supply, the grounding end of the mechanical switch is grounded, and the fifth end and the sixth end of the mechanical switch are both arranged in a suspended mode; the mechanical switch is used for controlling the conduction of the first end and the third end and the conduction of the second end and the fourth end of the mechanical switch under the control of an external controller, or controlling the conduction of the power supply end and the third end and the conduction of the grounding end and the fourth end of the mechanical switch, or controlling the conduction of the fifth end and the third end and the conduction of the sixth end and the fourth end of the mechanical switch.
Optionally, a signal feedback end of the high-side switch is electrically connected to a first signal receiving end of the processor; the high-side switch is used for feeding back a first fault signal according to an electric signal at the output end of the high-side switch;
the output end of the low-side switch is also electrically connected with a second signal receiving end of the processor;
the processor is further configured to acquire a second fault signal at an output end of the low-side switch, output the first control signal to the high-side switch according to the first fault signal and the second fault signal, and output the second control signal to the low-side switch.
Optionally, the first power supply monitoring circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first capacitor, and the second power supply monitoring circuit includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a second capacitor;
a first end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first storage battery, and a second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with a first input end of the processor; the second resistor is connected with the first capacitor in parallel; the second end of the first resistor is grounded through a parallel circuit of the second resistor and the first capacitor;
a first end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the second storage battery, and a second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with a second input end of the processor; the fourth resistor is connected with the second capacitor in parallel; the second end of the third resistor is grounded through a parallel circuit of the fourth resistor and the second capacitor.
Optionally, the monitoring circuit further includes: a first and a second anti-backflow circuit;
the first anti-reverse current circuit is electrically connected between the first storage battery and the first power supply monitoring circuit; the first anti-backflow circuit is used for preventing an electric signal in the first power supply monitoring circuit from flowing back to the first storage battery;
the second anti-reverse-current circuit is electrically connected between the second storage battery and the second power supply monitoring circuit; the second anti-backflow circuit is used for preventing the electric signal in the second power supply monitoring circuit from flowing back to the second storage battery.
Optionally, the first anti-backflow circuit is further electrically connected between the first battery and the first load circuit; the first reverse-current prevention circuit is also used for preventing the electric signal in the first load circuit from reversely flowing to the first storage battery;
the second anti-reverse-current circuit is also electrically connected between the second storage battery and the first load circuit; the second reverse-flow prevention circuit is also used for preventing the electric signal in the second load circuit from reversely flowing to the second storage battery.
Optionally, the first anti-reverse-current circuit includes a first diode and a second diode; the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the first storage battery, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the anode of the second diode and the input end of the first power supply monitoring circuit; the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the first load circuit;
the second anti-reverse current circuit comprises a third diode and a fourth diode; the anode of the third diode is electrically connected with the second storage battery, and the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected with the anode of the fourth diode and the input end of the second power supply monitoring circuit; a cathode of the fourth diode is electrically connected to the second load circuit.
Optionally, the power system of the vehicle further includes a generator, and the monitoring circuit further includes: a generator monitoring circuit;
the input end of the generator monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the generator, and the output end of the generator monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the third input end of the processor; the generator monitoring circuit is used for acquiring running state signals of the generator and outputting the running state signals to the processor;
the processor is also used for outputting a control signal to a driving circuit of the relay according to the running state signal.
Optionally, the generator monitoring circuit includes a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, and a switching transistor;
a first end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected with the generator, and a second end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected with a control end of the switching transistor; the fourth capacitor is connected with the seventh resistor in parallel; the second end of the fifth resistor is also grounded through the fourth capacitor and the seventh resistor which are connected in parallel;
a first end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected with a power supply, and a second end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected with a third end of the processor through the eighth resistor; the second end of the sixth resistor is also electrically connected with the first electrode of the switch transistor; a second electrode of the switching transistor is grounded;
the first end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with the generator, and the second end of the third capacitor is grounded; and the first end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected with the third end of the processor, and the second end of the fifth capacitor is grounded.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an automobile, including: the monitoring circuit comprises an automobile power supply system and a monitoring circuit of the automobile power supply system;
the automobile power supply system comprises a first storage battery, a second storage battery and a generator.
According to the monitoring circuit of the automobile and the power supply system thereof, the electric quantity information of the first storage battery and the second storage battery is respectively monitored and collected in real time through the first power supply monitoring circuit and the second power supply monitoring circuit, the collected electric quantity information is transmitted to the processor, the processor controls the relay driving circuit to drive the movable contact of the relay to be connected with or disconnected from the fixed contact of the relay according to the electric quantity information collected by the two power supply monitoring circuits, so that when the electric quantity of the first storage battery or the second storage battery cannot meet the use requirement, the movable contact of the relay can be connected with the fixed contact, the first storage battery is connected with the second storage battery in parallel, the output electric quantity of the first storage battery and the second storage battery is the total electric quantity of the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and the emergency use requirement can be met; meanwhile, when the monitoring circuit of the automobile power supply system is applied to an automobile, the problem that the automobile cannot be started or the emergency driving mileage is short due to the fact that a storage battery in the automobile is insufficient in power and aged can be solved, and therefore the running safety and the running stability of the automobile can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring circuit of an automotive power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a relay driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit structure of a power supply monitoring circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring circuit of another power system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit structure of a generator monitoring circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of them.
The embodiment of the invention provides a monitoring circuit of an automobile power supply system, which can monitor and manage the automobile power supply system, wherein the automobile power supply system can comprise a storage battery of an automobile, and the storage battery can be a double storage battery.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring circuit of an automotive power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the automotive power supply system includes a dual battery 100, where the dual battery 100 includes a first battery 110 and a second battery 120, and a monitoring circuit 200 includes a first power supply monitoring circuit 210, a second power supply monitoring circuit 220, a processor 230, a relay driving circuit 240, and a relay 250; the input terminal INE1 of the first power monitoring circuit 210 is electrically connected to the first battery 110, and the output terminal OUTE1 of the first power monitoring circuit 210 is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the processor 230; the first power monitoring circuit 210 is configured to collect first power information of the first storage battery 110 and output the first power information to the processor 230; the input terminal INE2 of the second power monitoring circuit 220 is electrically connected to the second battery 120, and the output terminal OUTE2 of the second power monitoring circuit 220 is electrically connected to the second input terminal of the processor 230; the second power monitoring circuit 220 is configured to collect second electric quantity information of the second storage battery 120 and output the second electric quantity information to the processor 230; the output terminal OUT of the processor 230 is electrically connected to the input terminal INR of the relay drive circuit 240; the processor 230 is configured to output a control signal to the relay 250 driving circuit according to the first power information and/or the second power information; the first output terminal OUTR1 and the second output terminal OUTR2 of the relay driving circuit 240 are electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDC and the ground terminal GND of the relay 250, respectively, and the movable contact and the stationary contact of the relay 250 are electrically connected to the first storage battery 110 and the second storage battery 120, respectively; the relay driving circuit 240 is configured to output a driving signal to the relay 250 according to the control signal, and control a movable contact and a stationary contact of the relay 250 to be connected or disconnected.
Specifically, the first power supply monitoring circuit 210 and the second power supply monitoring circuit 220 are used for respectively acquiring the electric quantity information of the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and transmitting the acquired electric quantity information to the processor 230, so that the processor 230 can control the relay driving circuit 240 according to the first storage battery 110 and the second storage battery 120, and the relay driving circuit 240 drives the movable contact of the relay 250 to be connected with or disconnected from the stationary contact thereof. Since the movable contacts of the relay 250 are electrically connected to the first storage battery 110 and the stationary contacts of the relay 250 are electrically connected to the second storage battery 120, when the movable contacts of the relay 250 are connected to the stationary contacts thereof, the first storage battery 110 and the second storage battery 120 can be connected in parallel, so that the amount of power supplied to the electric loads in the automobile is the total amount of power of the first storage battery 110 and the second storage battery 120; when the movable contacts of the relay 250 are disconnected from the stationary contacts thereof, only the first battery 110 or the second battery 120 can be used to supply power to the electric loads in the vehicle. For example, when the processor 250 determines that the first storage battery and/or the second storage battery is/are in power shortage, aging and the like through the power information fed back by the first power supply monitoring circuit and the second power supply monitoring circuit, and the automobile cannot be started by using a single storage battery or the emergency driving range of the automobile cannot be met by the single storage battery, the processor 250 may control the relay driving circuit 240 to drive the movable contact of the relay 250 to be conducted with the stationary contact thereof, so that the first storage battery 110 is connected in parallel with the second storage battery 120.
The embodiment of the invention respectively monitors and collects the electric quantity information of the first storage battery and the second storage battery in real time through the first power supply monitoring circuit and the second power supply monitoring circuit, and transmits the collected electric quantity information to the processor, and the processor controls the relay driving circuit to drive the movable contact of the relay to be connected with or disconnected from the fixed contact thereof according to the electric quantity information collected by the two power supply monitoring circuits, so that when the electric quantity of the first storage battery or the second storage battery cannot meet the use requirement, the movable contact and the fixed contact of the relay can be connected, the first storage battery and the second storage battery can be used in parallel, the output electric quantity of the first storage battery and the second storage battery is the total electric quantity of the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and the emergency use requirement can be met; meanwhile, when the monitoring circuit of the automobile power supply system is applied to an automobile, the problem that the automobile cannot be started or the emergency driving mileage is short due to the fact that a storage battery in the automobile is insufficient in power and aged can be solved, and therefore the running safety and the running stability of the automobile can be improved.
Optionally, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a relay driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the relay driving circuit 240 includes a high-side switch 241, a low-side switch 242, and a mechanical switch 243; wherein, the enable terminal INH of the high-side switch 241 is electrically connected to the first output terminal OUTC1 of the processor 230, and the power supply terminal VDC of the high-side switch 241 H And a power supply V BAT1 Electric connection, in which the power supply V BAT1 The power supply can be provided by the first storage battery and/or the second storage battery, and the power supply can also be provided by the second storage batteryFor supplying power to other devices capable of supplying power in the automobile, the output terminal OUTH of the high-side switch is electrically connected with the first terminal 1 of the mechanical switch 243, and the ground terminal GND of the high-side switch 241 H Grounding; the high-side switch 241 is configured to control the power supply to output to the first terminal 1 of the mechanical switch 243 according to the first control signal output by the processor 230; the enable terminal INL of the low-side switch 242 is electrically connected to the second output terminal OUTC2 of the processor 230, the ground terminal S of the low-side switch 242 is grounded, and the output terminal OUTL of the low-side switch 242 is electrically connected to the second terminal 2 of the mechanical switch 243; the low-side switch 242 is configured to control the ground signal of the ground terminal to be output to the second terminal 2 of the mechanical switch 230 according to the second control signal output by the processor 230; the third terminal 3 of the mechanical switch 243 and the power supply terminal VDC of the relay 250 R Electrically connected, the fourth terminal 4 of the mechanical switch 243 and the ground terminal GND of the relay 250 R The power end 7 of the mechanical switch 243 receives a power supply, the grounding end 8 of the mechanical switch 243 is grounded, and the fifth end 5 and the sixth end 6 of the mechanical switch are both arranged in a suspended manner; the mechanical switch 243 is used for controlling the first terminal 1 to be conducted with the third terminal 3 and the second terminal 2 to be conducted with the fourth terminal 4 under the control of the external controller, or controlling the power terminal 7 to be conducted with the third terminal 3 and the ground terminal 8 to be conducted with the fourth terminal 4, or controlling the fifth terminal 5 to be conducted with the first terminal 1 and the sixth terminal 6 to be conducted with the second terminal 2.
Specifically, the mechanical switch 243 includes eight terminals, and can realize the change of three gears. When the processor 230 is in a normal operating state, the third terminal 3 of the mechanical switch 243 is connected with the first terminal 1, and the second terminal 2 is connected with the fourth terminal 4, so that the mechanical switch 243 is located at the second gear, and at this time, the on and off of the relay 250 are controlled by the processor 230 to control the signals output by the mechanical switch 243 of the high-side switch 241 and the low-side switch 242, so as to make or break the movable contact and the fixed contact of the relay 250; when the processor 230 fails, the external controller controls the power end 7 of the mechanical switch 243 to be connected with the third terminal 3 and the ground end 8 to be connected with the fourth terminal 4, so that the mechanical switch 243 is located at the first gear, and the power end 7 of the mechanical switch 243 receives the power supply power output to the power end VDC of the relay 250 R Ground received by ground terminal 8 of mechanical switch 243The signal is output to the ground GND of the relay 250 R So that the relay 250 can make the movable contact and the static contact thereof be forcedly conducted; or, the external controller controls the first terminal 1 of the mechanical switch 243 to be connected with the fifth terminal 5, and the second terminal 2 to be connected with the sixth terminal 6, so that the mechanical switch 243 is located at the third gear, and at this time, both the power terminal 7 and the ground terminal 8 of the relay 250 do not receive a signal, and are in a floating state, so that the movable contact of the relay 250 is forcibly disconnected from the stationary contact thereof.
For example, when the processor 230 normally works, the mechanical switch 243 is usually set to the second gear, and at this time, the processor 230 can normally control the high-side switch 241 and the low-side switch 242 to output signals of the power end and the ground end to the relay 250 through the mechanical switch according to the information of the electric quantity collected by the first power monitoring circuit and the second power monitoring circuit, so as to drive the movable contact of the relay 250 to be connected with or disconnected from the stationary contact thereof, so that when the first battery or the second battery is in a power shortage condition, such as power loss, aging, and the like, the processor 230 can control the high-side switch 241 to output the power end of the relay 250 through the mechanical switch 243, and control the low-side switch 242 to output a ground signal to the ground end of the relay 250 through the mechanical switch 243, so that the movable contact of the relay 250 is connected with the stationary contact thereof, so that the first battery 110 and the second battery 120 are connected in parallel, so that the total electric quantity provided by the double batteries can meet the power demand of the power load of the automobile.
When the processor 230 fails, the mechanical switch 243 may be forcibly switched to the first gear or the third gear by the external controller; when the mechanical switch 243 is in the first gear, the movable contact and the fixed contact of the relay 250 can be forcibly connected, so that the first storage battery and the second storage battery are connected in parallel, and the total electric quantity output by the first storage battery and the second storage battery can meet the requirements of normal starting and emergency driving of an electric load in an automobile; when the first storage battery and the second storage battery are not required to be used in parallel, the mechanical switch 243 can be forcibly switched to the third gear by the external controller, and the movable contact of the relay 250 and the static contact thereof are forcibly disconnected. The external controller may be a human controller, such as a button or a toggle switch.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the high-side switch, the low-side switch and the mechanical switch are arranged to realize multiple control on the on-off of the relay, so that the first storage battery and the second storage battery can be monitored in real time, and the connection condition of the first storage battery and the second storage battery can be controlled according to different power supply requirements when the first storage battery and the second storage battery are in power shortage, aging or processor failure.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2, the signal feedback terminal of the high-side switch 241 is electrically connected to the first signal receiving terminal INC1 of the processor 230; the high-side switch 241 is used for feeding back a first fault signal V according to the electric signal at the output end thereof DIAGH (ii) a The output terminal OUTL of the low-side switch 242 is further electrically connected to the second signal receiving terminal INC2 of the processor 230; the processor 230 is further configured to collect a second fault signal V at the output of the low-side switch 242 DIAGL And in dependence on the first fault signal V DIAGH And a second fault signal V DIAGL The first control signal is output to the high-side switch 241, and the second control signal is output to the low-side switch 242.
Specifically, when the mechanical switch 243 is in the second position, the processor 230 reads the first failure signal V of the high-side switch 241 at predetermined time intervals DIAGH And a second fault signal V of low-side switch 242 DIAGL And in dependence on the first fault signal V DIAGH The relationship between the voltage of (b) and the voltage of the diagnosis threshold value realizes the fault diagnosis of the high-side switch 241 based on the second fault signal V DIAGL The relationship of the voltage of (a) to the voltage of the diagnostic threshold value enables fault diagnosis of the low-side switch 242. Wherein the preset time interval may be 10ms.
For example, when the processor 230 determines that there is no fault currently according to the fault diagnosis results of the high-side switch 241 and the low-side switch 242, the processor controls the high-side switch 241 and the low-side switch 242 to output corresponding signals to the relay according to the first electric quantity information and the second electric quantity information acquired by the first power supply monitoring circuit and the second power supply monitoring circuit, so as to control the on/off of the movable contact and the fixed contact of the relay; if the processor 230 is based on the first failure signalV DIAGH And/or a second fault signal V DIAGL When it is determined that a fault condition exists at present, it may be considered that a fault occurs in the current mechanical switch 243, the relay 250, or the load, and at this time, the processor 230 does not output corresponding control signals to the high-side switch 241 and the low-side switch 242 any more, that is, the processor 230 cannot control the high-side switch 241 and the low-side switch 242 to output corresponding signals to control the relay to be turned on or off, and specific detection and maintenance needs to be performed on the fault, so as to prevent the circuit from being damaged due to the short circuit, overvoltage, and the like occurring in the fault condition.
Illustratively, the high-side switch 241 may preferably be a BTS5090-1EJA chip, which has functions of short-circuit protection, overload protection, thermal shutdown protection, overvoltage protection, and the like; the low-side switch 242 may preferably be a BSP76 chip, which also has the functions of short-circuit protection, overload protection, thermal shutdown protection, overvoltage protection, and the like; the mechanical switch may preferably be a 3-position toggle switch SS-23L02.
Optionally, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit structure of a power supply monitoring circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the first power supply monitoring circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a first capacitor C1, and the second power supply monitoring circuit includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a second capacitor C2; a first end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first battery 110, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to a first input terminal IN1 of the processor 230; the second resistor R2 is connected with the first capacitor C1 in parallel; the second end of the first resistor R1 is also grounded through a parallel circuit of a second resistor R2 and the first capacitor C1; a first end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the second battery 120, and a second end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the second input terminal IN2 of the processor 230; the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the second capacitor C2 in parallel; the second end of the third resistor R3 is also grounded through a parallel circuit of the fourth resistor R4 and the second capacitor C2.
Specifically, the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3 are sampling resistors and are respectively used for acquiring voltage signals of the first storage battery 110 and the second storage battery 120; the second resistor R2 is connected with the first capacitor C1 in parallel and grounded to form an RC filter circuit so as to filter the voltage signal acquired by the first resistor R1, and the first resistor R1,The common terminal of the second resistor R2 and the first capacitor C1 is the output terminal of the first power monitoring circuit, and outputs the first electric quantity information V of the first storage battery 110 MON1 A first input IN1 to the processor; similarly, the fourth resistor R4 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor R2 and grounded to form an RC filter circuit for filtering the voltage signal collected by the third resistor R3, and the common terminal of the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4 and the second capacitor C2 is the output terminal of the second power supply monitoring circuit for outputting the second electric quantity information V of the second battery 120 MON2 To a second input IN2 of the processor.
Illustratively, in the embodiment of the present invention, the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3 may be equal, for example, 47K Ω; the second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 may have the same resistance, for example, 10K Ω; the capacitance values of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 may be equal, for example 100nF.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 3, the monitoring circuit 200 may further include: a first anti-backflow circuit and a second anti-backflow circuit; the first anti-reverse current circuit is electrically connected between the first battery 110 and the first power supply monitoring circuit 210; the first anti-backflow circuit is used for preventing the electric signal in the first power supply monitoring circuit 210 from flowing back to the first storage battery; the second anti-reverse-current circuit is electrically connected between the second battery 120 and the second power supply monitoring circuit 220; the second reverse-current prevention circuit is used to prevent the electric signal in the second power supply monitoring circuit 220 from flowing back to the second battery.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 3, the first anti-backflow circuit is further electrically connected between the first battery 110 and the first load circuit; the first anti-reverse-flow circuit is also used for preventing the electric signal in the first load circuit from reversely flowing to the first storage battery; the second anti-reverse-current circuit is also electrically connected between the second battery 120 and the first load circuit; the second reverse-flow prevention circuit is also used for preventing the electric signal in the second load circuit from flowing back to the second storage battery.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 3, the first anti-backflow circuit includes a first diode D1 and a second diode D2; the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the first battery 110, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and the input terminal of the first power supply monitoring circuit 210; the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the first load circuit; the second anti-reverse-current circuit comprises a third diode D3 and a fourth diode D4; the anode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the second battery 120, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4 and the input terminal of the second power supply monitoring circuit 220; the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the second load circuit.
Illustratively, the type of the diodes D1, D2, D3, D4 is preferably STPS1150AY, and the processor periodically reads the voltage monitoring signal V of the first storage battery at preset time intervals MON1 And a voltage monitoring signal V of the second battery MON2 . Wherein the preset time interval may be 10ms.
Optionally, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring circuit of another automotive power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the automotive power supply system further includes a generator 130, and the monitoring circuit further includes: generator monitoring circuitry 260; the input end of the generator monitoring circuit 260 is electrically connected to the generator 130, and the output end of the generator monitoring circuit 260 is electrically connected to the third input end of the processor 230; the generator monitoring circuit 260 is configured to collect an operation status signal of the generator 130 and output the operation status signal to the processor 230; the processor 230 is further configured to output a control signal to the relay driver circuit 240 according to the operation status signal.
Illustratively, when the generator breaks down in the driving process of the automobile, the processor receives a feedback signal of the generator monitoring circuit and then sends a control signal to the relay driving circuit to control the conduction of a movable contact and a fixed contact of the relay, so that the first storage battery and the second storage battery are connected in parallel to ensure that the emergency driving mileage meets the requirement.
Optionally, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit structure of a generator monitoring circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the generator monitoring circuit includes a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, and a switching transistor Q1; a first end of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to the generator 130, and a second end of the fifth resistor R5 is controlled by the switching transistor Q1The system end is electrically connected; the fourth capacitor C4 is connected with the seventh resistor R7 in parallel; the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is also grounded through a fourth capacitor C4 and a seventh resistor R7 which are connected in parallel; a first end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected to a power supply VCC, wherein the power supply VCC selects a 5V or 12V power supply according to circuit requirements, and a second end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected to a third end of the processor 230 through an eighth resistor R8; the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is also electrically connected to the first electrode of the switching transistor Q1; the second electrode of the switching transistor Q1 is grounded; a first end of the third capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the generator 130, and a second end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded; a first terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is electrically connected to the third terminal of the processor 230, and a second terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded. The common end of the eighth resistor R8 and the fifth capacitor C5 is used as the output end of the generator monitoring circuit to output a state feedback signal V of the generator F To the processor 230.
Specifically, the third capacitor C3 is a filter capacitor to prevent voltage fluctuation of the generator 130 from damaging the generator monitoring circuit 260 when the generator is started, the RC filter circuit formed by the fourth capacitor C4 and the seventh resistor R7 plays a role in filtering to prevent voltage fluctuation from damaging the switching transistor Q1, and the fifth capacitor C5 is a filter capacitor to avoid voltage fluctuation from affecting signal detection of the generator 130.
For example, after the automobile is started, the generator 130 can be started to operate, and the generator monitoring circuit can receive an electric signal generated by starting the generator to generate electricity, and the electric signal is filtered by the third capacitor C3 and then transmitted to the control end of the switching transistor Q1 through the fifth resistor R5, so that the switching transistor Q1 is turned on or off; when the switching transistor Q1 is conducted, a path is formed between the power supply VCC and the second electrode of the switching transistor Q1; when the switching transistor Q1 is turned off, a path cannot be formed between the power supply VCC and the second electrode of the switching transistor Q1; in this way, the processor reads the running state signal V of the generator 130 at preset time intervals through the eighth resistor R8 and the filter capacitor C5 F In dependence on the electrical signal received by the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1, whereby the operating state signal V can be read by the processor F Detects the current operating state of the generator 130So that the processor can output corresponding control signals to the relay driving circuit according to the requirements, and the relay driving circuit drives the relay to execute corresponding actions.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the resistance values of the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the eighth resistor R8 may be equal, for example, 10K Ω, and the resistance value of the seventh resistor R7 may be 4.7K Ω; the capacitance values of the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 may be equal, for example, 10nF, and the capacitance value of C5 of the fifth capacitor may be 100nF; the transistor Q1 is preferably of the type BC817-40.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an automobile, which comprises an automobile power supply system and the monitoring circuit of the automobile power supply system provided by the embodiment of the invention; the automobile power supply system comprises a first storage battery, a second storage battery and a generator. Therefore, the automobile includes the technical features and the beneficial effects of the monitoring circuit of the automobile power supply system provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the same points can be referred to the description of the monitoring circuit of the automobile power supply system provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the description is omitted here.
It is to be noted that the foregoing description is only exemplary of the invention and that the principles of the technology may be employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A monitoring circuit of a vehicle power supply system, characterized in that the vehicle power supply system includes a dual battery including a first battery and a second battery, the monitoring circuit includes: the power supply monitoring device comprises a first power supply monitoring circuit, a second power supply monitoring circuit, a processor, a relay driving circuit and a relay;
the input end of the first power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the first storage battery, and the output end of the first power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the first input end of the processor; the first power supply monitoring circuit is used for acquiring first electric quantity information of the first storage battery and outputting the first electric quantity information to the processor;
the input end of the second power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the second storage battery, and the output end of the second power supply monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the second input end of the processor; the second power supply monitoring circuit is used for acquiring second electric quantity information of the second storage battery and outputting the second electric quantity information to the processor;
the output end of the processor is electrically connected with the input end of the relay driving circuit; the processor is used for outputting a control signal to the relay drive circuit according to the first electric quantity information and/or the second electric quantity information;
a first output end and a second output end of the relay driving circuit are respectively and electrically connected with a power supply end and a grounding end of the relay, and a movable contact and a fixed contact of the relay are respectively and electrically connected with the first storage battery and the second storage battery; the relay driving circuit is used for outputting a driving signal to the relay according to the control signal and controlling the movable contact and the fixed contact of the relay to be connected or disconnected;
the relay driving circuit comprises a high-side switch, a low-side switch and a mechanical switch;
the enabling end of the high-side switch is electrically connected with the first output end of the processor, the power supply end of the high-side switch is electrically connected with a power supply, the output end of the high-side switch is electrically connected with the first terminal of the mechanical switch, and the grounding end of the high-side switch is grounded; the high-side switch is used for controlling the power supply to output to the first end of the mechanical switch according to a first control signal output by the processor;
the enabling end of the low-side switch is electrically connected with the second output end of the processor, the grounding end of the low-side switch is grounded, and the output end of the low-side switch is electrically connected with the second end of the mechanical switch; the low-side switch is used for controlling the grounding signal of the grounding terminal to be output to the second end of the mechanical switch according to a second control signal output by the processor;
the third end of the mechanical switch is electrically connected with the power supply end of the relay, the fourth end of the mechanical switch is electrically connected with the grounding end of the relay, the power supply end of the mechanical switch receives the power supply, the grounding end of the mechanical switch is grounded, and the fifth end and the sixth end of the mechanical switch are both arranged in a suspended mode; the mechanical switch is used for controlling the conduction of the first end and the third end and the conduction of the second end and the fourth end of the mechanical switch under the control of an external controller, or controlling the conduction of the power supply end and the third end and the conduction of the grounding end and the fourth end of the mechanical switch, or controlling the conduction of the fifth end and the first end and the conduction of the sixth end and the second end of the mechanical switch.
2. The monitoring circuit of claim 1, wherein the signal feedback terminal of the high-side switch is electrically connected to the first signal receiving terminal of the processor; the high-side switch is used for feeding back a first fault signal according to an electric signal at the output end of the high-side switch;
the output end of the low-side switch is also electrically connected with a second signal receiving end of the processor;
the processor is further configured to acquire a second fault signal at an output end of the low-side switch, output the first control signal to the high-side switch according to the first fault signal and the second fault signal, and output the second control signal to the low-side switch.
3. The monitoring circuit of claim 1, wherein the first power monitoring circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first capacitor, and wherein the second power monitoring circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a second capacitor;
a first end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first storage battery, and a second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with a first input end of the processor; the second resistor is connected with the first capacitor in parallel; the second end of the first resistor is grounded through a parallel circuit of the second resistor and the first capacitor;
a first end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the second storage battery, and a second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with a second input end of the processor; the fourth resistor is connected with the second capacitor in parallel; the second end of the third resistor is grounded through a parallel circuit of the fourth resistor and the second capacitor.
4. The monitoring circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a first and a second anti-backflow circuit;
the first anti-reverse-current circuit is electrically connected between the first storage battery and the first power supply monitoring circuit; the first reverse-current prevention circuit is used for preventing an electric signal in the first power supply monitoring circuit from reversely flowing to the first storage battery;
the second anti-reverse-current circuit is electrically connected between the second storage battery and the second power supply monitoring circuit; the second reverse-current prevention circuit is used for preventing the electric signal in the second power supply monitoring circuit from flowing back to the second storage battery.
5. The monitoring circuit of claim 4, wherein the first anti-backflow circuit is further electrically connected between the first battery and a first load circuit; the first reverse-current prevention circuit is also used for preventing the electric signal in the first load circuit from reversely flowing to the first storage battery;
the second anti-reverse-current circuit is also electrically connected between the second storage battery and a second load circuit; the second reverse-flow prevention circuit is also used for preventing the electric signal in the second load circuit from reversely flowing to the second storage battery.
6. The monitoring circuit of claim 5, wherein the first anti-reflux circuit comprises a first diode and a second diode; the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the first storage battery, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the anode of the second diode and the input end of the first power supply monitoring circuit; the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the first load circuit;
the second anti-reverse-current circuit comprises a third diode and a fourth diode; the anode of the third diode is electrically connected with the second storage battery, and the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected with the anode of the fourth diode and the input end of the second power supply monitoring circuit; a cathode of the fourth diode is electrically connected to the second load circuit.
7. The monitoring circuit of claim 1, wherein the automotive power system further comprises a generator, the monitoring circuit further comprising: a generator monitoring circuit;
the input end of the generator monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the generator, and the output end of the generator monitoring circuit is electrically connected with the third input end of the processor; the generator monitoring circuit is used for acquiring running state signals of the generator and outputting the running state signals to the processor;
the processor is also used for outputting a control signal to a driving circuit of the relay according to the running state signal.
8. The monitoring circuit of claim 7, wherein the generator monitoring circuit comprises a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, and a switching transistor;
a first end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected with the generator, and a second end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected with a control end of the switching transistor; the fourth capacitor is connected with the seventh resistor in parallel; the second end of the fifth resistor is also grounded through the fourth capacitor and the seventh resistor which are connected in parallel;
a first end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected with a power supply, and a second end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected with a third end of the processor through the eighth resistor; the second end of the sixth resistor is also electrically connected with the first electrode of the switch transistor; a second electrode of the switching transistor is grounded;
the first end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with the generator, and the second end of the third capacitor is grounded; and the first end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected with the third end of the processor, and the second end of the fifth capacitor is grounded.
9. An automobile, comprising: a monitoring circuit of an automotive power supply system and an automotive power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
the automobile power supply system comprises a first storage battery, a second storage battery and a generator.
CN202011438042.5A 2020-12-07 2020-12-07 Automobile and monitoring circuit of power supply system thereof Active CN112510810B (en)

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