CN112510278A - Thermal runaway detection and processing method and system for vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack - Google Patents
Thermal runaway detection and processing method and system for vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN112510278A CN112510278A CN202011380148.4A CN202011380148A CN112510278A CN 112510278 A CN112510278 A CN 112510278A CN 202011380148 A CN202011380148 A CN 202011380148A CN 112510278 A CN112510278 A CN 112510278A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
- H01M10/523—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption by recombination on a catalytic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a thermal runaway detection and processing method and a system for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out air pressure detection judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, executing the step S2 if the air pressure exceeds a standard, otherwise, repeating the step S1; s2, carrying out temperature detection and judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, judging that a thermal runaway risk occurs if the temperature exceeds the standard, executing a step S3, and otherwise, returning to the step S1; s3, performing air extraction treatment on the gas generated in the lithium ion power battery; and S4, catalyzing and absorbing the extracted combustible gas, and discharging the combustible gas outside the vehicle. Compared with the prior art, the method for detecting the thermal runaway accident has the advantages that the detection standard is attached to the actual thermal runaway characteristic, the triggering probability of the thermal runaway accident is effectively reduced, and the method has the advantages of short detection time, high accuracy, high processing speed and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal safety of lithium ion power batteries, in particular to a thermal runaway detection and processing method and system for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack.
Background
Lithium ion power batteries have been widely accepted and utilized in mass production in transportation and electronic products due to their advantages of high specific energy, long cycle life, and the like. However, as the market and users continue to place higher demands on the driving range and the weight and volume of the battery box and the corresponding power consumption, the specific energy of the lithium ion power battery continues to increase. The high energy density of the batteries connected in groups greatly increases the risk of safety accidents due to thermal runaway. Therefore, the development demand of the pure electric vehicle puts higher requirements on the thermal safety detection and prevention and control of the lithium ion power battery pack. The internal reaction of the battery can generate combustible gas in the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion power battery, the combustible gas is leaked and can be contacted with oxygen generated by the reaction and external air, and severe combustion is carried out at high temperature, so that huge economic loss and even casualties are caused. The environment is more likely to be affected by combustion if the environment is a closed space or other vehicles around the closed space.
At present, two main methods for treating the thermal runaway lithium ion power battery pack are provided, namely a water gun jet fire extinguishing method and a sand filling oxygen-insulation fire extinguishing method.
For monitoring and alarming thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery pack, most of the monitoring and alarming depend on a pressure release valve designed by the lithium ion power battery, and at present, no better method capable of being popularized exists.
In fact, the internal reaction of the lithium ion power battery thermal runaway process can generate a large amount of combustible gas and oxygen, the combustion reaction condition can be quickly reached under the thermal runaway high-temperature condition, even if external oxygen is isolated, certain combustion can be generated, and the ignition of a battery monomer can cause the combustion of surrounding batteries, so that the battery monomer is extremely difficult to extinguish. According to statistics of relevant departments, fire fighting water required by the pure electric vehicle in the fire extinguishing process of spontaneous combustion is 5-7 times that of a traditional vehicle, and the consumed time is 8-10 times that of a traditional fuel vehicle.
For the detection and alarm of the thermal runaway gas leakage of the lithium ion power battery, the conventional method mostly depends on a pressure release valve designed by the lithium ion power battery. However, the internal pressure of the lithium ion power battery is interfered by factors such as swelling in the charging process and aging of the battery itself, and cannot be used for accurately judging the occurrence of thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery. Therefore, how to accurately detect and rapidly process the thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a thermal runaway detection and processing method and system for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a thermal runaway detection and processing method for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out air pressure detection judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, executing the step S2 if the air pressure exceeds a standard, otherwise, repeating the step S1;
s2, carrying out temperature detection and judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, judging that a thermal runaway risk occurs if the temperature exceeds the standard, executing a step S3, and otherwise, returning to the step S1;
s3, performing air extraction treatment on the gas generated in the lithium ion power battery;
and S4, catalyzing and absorbing the extracted combustible gas, and discharging the combustible gas outside the vehicle.
Preferably, the air pressure detection and the temperature detection are respectively performed on each lithium ion power battery cell in the lithium ion power battery pack in the processes of the steps S1 to S2, and once the air pressure and the temperature of one lithium ion power battery cell exceed the standard at the same time, the thermal runaway risk is determined.
Preferably, the air pressure detection is performed by the following steps: and arranging an air pressure sensor at the pressure release valve of each lithium ion power battery monomer in the lithium ion power battery pack, wherein the air pressure sensor detects the real-time air pressure value of each lithium ion power battery monomer.
Preferably, the temperature detection is performed by: the method comprises the steps that temperature sensors are arranged on the surfaces of all lithium ion power battery monomers in the lithium ion power battery pack, and the temperature sensors detect real-time temperature values of the lithium ion power battery monomers.
Preferably, the step S3 pumping process is implemented as follows:
the pressure release valves of the lithium ion power battery monomers are designed to be convex cylindrical, the pressure release valves are communicated with an air pumping pipeline, and air in the air pumping management is pumped by an air pump.
Preferably, the step S4 is implemented by catalyzing and absorbing the extracted combustible gas as follows: the inner surface of the air extraction pipeline is provided with activated carbon for catalyzing and absorbing combustible gas.
A thermal runaway detection and processing system for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack comprises:
the air pressure detection module: detecting the air pressure of the lithium ion power battery pack;
a temperature detection module: detecting the temperature of the lithium ion power battery pack;
an air extraction module: the device is used for air extraction treatment, and the extracted combustible gas is catalyzed, absorbed and discharged out of the vehicle;
a processor: the method is used for executing a computer program stored in a memory and realizing the thermal runaway detection and processing method of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack.
Preferably, the air pressure detection module comprises an air pressure sensor arranged at a pressure relief valve of each lithium ion power battery cell in the lithium ion power battery pack.
Preferably, the temperature detection module comprises a temperature sensor arranged on the surface of each lithium ion power battery cell in the lithium ion power battery pack.
Preferably, the air extraction module comprises an air extraction pipeline, an air extraction pump and a motor, the air extraction pipeline is respectively connected with the pressure release valves of the lithium ion power battery monomers, the air extraction pump is arranged at the exhaust end of the air extraction pipeline, the motor is connected with the air extraction pump, and the inner surface of the air extraction pipeline is provided with activated carbon for catalyzing and absorbing combustible gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the detection time is short, the alarm is immediately carried out for air suction after the air pressure and temperature values exceed the standard, the thermal runaway of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack can be effectively treated, and the property loss and the casualty probability are greatly reduced;
(2) the generated gas in the lithium ion power battery is directly extracted and catalytically absorbed, so that the combustible gas generated in the lithium ion power battery can be effectively prevented from burning in the battery monomer or the battery pack, and the spontaneous combustion spread of the thermal runaway battery monomer is avoided;
(3) harmful gases and polluted gases generated in the lithium ion power battery are pumped out and catalytically absorbed, so that the atmospheric pollution caused by the discharge of the gases is avoided;
(4) the occupied volume and the occupied mass are small, the pipeline is connected with the single pressure release valve of the lithium ion power battery, and the air suction pump and the motor are integrated with the lithium ion power battery box and the battery management system;
(5) the temperature detection of the invention can be integrated with a thermal management system, and the battery pack is cooled and pumped when the temperature value of the lithium ion power battery exceeds the standard.
(6) The invention can directly extract the gas generated in the lithium ion power battery, and the obtained analysis result can correct and improve the thermal runaway mechanism model of the existing lithium ion power battery.
(7) The invention integrates the temperature and the air pressure of the single lithium ion power battery to comprehensively detect and protect the thermal runaway of the battery pack, can effectively avoid air pressure misjudgment caused by aging or charging bulge, and reduces the working efficiency reduction and economic loss caused by misjudgment parking maintenance;
in a word, the method can carry out rapid and accurate measurement, judgment and alarm, and provides a practical and feasible technical scheme for detecting and processing the thermal runaway phenomenon of the lithium ion power battery pack in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a thermal runaway detection and processing method for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integration of a thermal runaway detection and processing system for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack and the lithium ion power battery pack according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the suction line of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the pump and motor of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the flow of liquid cooling plate coolant of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery cell with an improved pressure relief valve according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a liquid cooling plate; 2 is a lithium ion power battery pack; 3 is an air exhaust pipeline; 4 is an air pump; and 5 is a motor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. Note that the following description of the embodiments is merely a substantial example, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to the application or the use thereof, and is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for detecting and processing thermal runaway of a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack, and the method includes the following steps:
s1, carrying out air pressure detection judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, executing the step S2 if the air pressure exceeds a standard, otherwise, repeating the step S1;
s2, carrying out temperature detection and judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, judging that a thermal runaway risk occurs if the temperature exceeds the standard, executing a step S3, and otherwise, returning to the step S1;
s3, performing air extraction treatment on the gas generated in the lithium ion power battery;
and S4, catalyzing and absorbing the extracted combustible gas, and discharging the combustible gas outside the vehicle.
And (3) respectively carrying out air pressure detection and temperature detection on each lithium ion power battery monomer in the lithium ion power battery pack in the processes of the steps S1-S2, and judging that the thermal runaway risk occurs once the air pressure and the temperature of one lithium ion power battery monomer exceed the standard at the same time.
In the thermal runaway judgment process, the surface temperature value of the lithium ion power battery needs to be judged under the condition that the air pressure exceeds the standard, so that the condition that misjudgment is caused to influence normal driving is avoided:
the internal air pressure of the lithium ion power battery is increased due to the charging process, and the battery monomer is swelled.
The internal air pressure of the lithium ion power battery monomer which is seriously aged rises under the condition of proper charging, so that the swelling phenomenon is caused.
The air pressure detection is carried out in the following mode: and arranging an air pressure sensor at the pressure release valve of each lithium ion power battery monomer in the lithium ion power battery pack, wherein the air pressure sensor detects the real-time air pressure value of each lithium ion power battery monomer.
The temperature detection is carried out by the following method: the method comprises the steps that temperature sensors are arranged on the surfaces of all lithium ion power battery monomers in the lithium ion power battery pack, and the temperature sensors detect real-time temperature values of the lithium ion power battery monomers.
The step S3 pumping process is implemented as follows:
the pressure release valves of the lithium ion power battery monomers are designed to be convex cylindrical, the pressure release valves are communicated with an air pumping pipeline, and air in the air pumping management is pumped by an air pump. The extracted gas comprises CO and CO2、H2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And C3H6The generated combustible gas is prevented from burning under a high-temperature environment to cause dangerous conditions such as thermal runaway and spread among lithium ion battery monomers, and CO can be avoided2And (4) discharging. The principle of generation of various gases is as follows:
C3H4O3(EC)+2.5O2→3CO2+2H2O (1)
C3H4O3(EC)+O2→3CO+2H2O (2)
2CO2+2Li++2e-→Li2CO3+CO (3)
CMC-OH+Li→CMC-OLi+0.5H2 (4)
C3H6O3(DMC)+2Li++2e-+H2→Li2CO3+2CH4 (5)
C3H4O3(EC)+2Li→Li2CO3+C2H4 (6)
C3H6O3(PC)+2Li→Li2CO3+C3H6 (7)
the step S4 is to perform the catalytic and absorption of the extracted combustible gas in the following manner: the inner surface of the extraction pipeline is provided with activated carbon for catalyzing and absorbing combustible gas, wherein the combustible gas comprises CO and H2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And C3H6The activated carbon is prepared by a chemical activation method, various carbon-containing raw materials and chemicals are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture undergoes the processes of carbonization, activation, chemical recovery, rinsing, drying and the like at a certain temperature to prepare the activated carbon which can absorb CO and CO2、H2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And C3H6And activated carbon with various gas functions. The formulation and specific preparation of the activated carbon are not claimed herein, and are not described in detail in this example.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2 to 6, the present embodiment provides a thermal runaway detection and processing system for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack, the system includes:
the air pressure detection module: detecting the air pressure of the lithium ion power battery pack;
a temperature detection module: detecting the temperature of the lithium ion power battery pack;
an air extraction module: the device is used for air extraction treatment, and the extracted combustible gas is catalyzed, absorbed and discharged out of the vehicle;
a processor: the method is used for executing a computer program stored in a memory and realizing the thermal runaway detection and processing method of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack in embodiment 1, and the thermal runaway detection and processing method of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack is not described in detail in this embodiment.
The vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack is provided with a liquid cooling plate, and the liquid cooling plate is used for cooling liquid to flow to the liquid cooling plate, which is shown in a specific figure 5.
In order to realize the thermal time control detection, the invention is configured as follows:
the air pressure detection module comprises air pressure sensors arranged at the pressure release valves of the lithium ion power battery units in the lithium ion power battery pack. In order to realize the expected function, the middle pressure release valve of the two poles of the single lithium ion power battery is designed into a convex cylinder shape, the middle pressure release valve is conveniently connected with an air extraction pipeline, a small hole is formed in the joint, and a miniature air pressure sensor is arranged and used for detecting the real-time air pressure value of the single lithium ion power battery.
The temperature detection module comprises temperature sensors arranged on the surfaces of the lithium ion power battery cells in the lithium ion power battery pack.
The air extraction module comprises an air extraction pipeline, an air extraction pump and a motor, the air extraction pipeline is respectively connected with the pressure release valves of the lithium ion power battery monomers, the air extraction pump is arranged at the exhaust end of the air extraction pipeline, the motor is connected with the air extraction pump, and the inner surface of the air extraction pipeline is provided with active carbon used for catalyzing and absorbing combustible gas. The gas extracted by the gas extraction module comprises CO and CO2、H2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And C3H6The combustible gas catalyzed and absorbed by the active carbon in the gas extraction pipeline comprises CO and H2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And C3H6The activated carbon is prepared by a chemical activation method, various carbon-containing raw materials and chemicals are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture undergoes the processes of carbonization, activation, chemical recovery, rinsing, drying and the like at a certain temperature to prepare the activated carbon which can absorb CO and CO2、H2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And C3H6And activated carbon with various gas functions. The formulation and specific preparation of the activated carbon are not claimed herein, and are not described in detail in this example.
The above embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. These embodiments may be implemented in other various manners, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A thermal runaway detection and processing method for a vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out air pressure detection judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, executing the step S2 if the air pressure exceeds a standard, otherwise, repeating the step S1;
s2, carrying out temperature detection and judgment on the lithium ion power battery pack, judging that a thermal runaway risk occurs if the temperature exceeds the standard, executing a step S3, and otherwise, returning to the step S1;
s3, performing air extraction treatment on the gas generated in the lithium ion power battery;
and S4, catalyzing and absorbing the extracted combustible gas, and discharging the combustible gas outside the vehicle.
2. The method for detecting and processing the thermal runaway of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air pressure detection and the temperature detection are respectively carried out on each lithium ion power battery cell in the lithium ion power battery pack in the processes of the steps S1 to S2, and once the air pressure and the temperature of one lithium ion power battery cell are both exceeded, the thermal runaway risk is determined.
3. The method for detecting and processing the thermal runaway of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the air pressure detection is carried out in the following way: and arranging an air pressure sensor at the pressure release valve of each lithium ion power battery monomer in the lithium ion power battery pack, wherein the air pressure sensor detects the real-time air pressure value of each lithium ion power battery monomer.
4. The method for detecting and processing the thermal runaway of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the temperature detection is carried out in the following way: the method comprises the steps that temperature sensors are arranged on the surfaces of all lithium ion power battery monomers in the lithium ion power battery pack, and the temperature sensors detect real-time temperature values of the lithium ion power battery monomers.
5. The method for detecting and processing the thermal runaway of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the air extraction processing in the step S3 is realized by the following steps:
the pressure release valves of the lithium ion power battery monomers are designed to be convex cylindrical, the pressure release valves are communicated with an air pumping pipeline, and air in the air pumping management is pumped by an air pump.
6. The method for detecting and processing the thermal runaway of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 is implemented by catalyzing and absorbing the extracted combustible gas in a manner that: the inner surface of the air extraction pipeline is provided with activated carbon for catalyzing and absorbing combustible gas.
7. The utility model provides a thermal runaway detection and processing system of on-vehicle lithium ion power battery group which characterized in that, this system includes:
the air pressure detection module: detecting the air pressure of the lithium ion power battery pack;
a temperature detection module: detecting the temperature of the lithium ion power battery pack;
an air extraction module: the device is used for air extraction treatment, and the extracted combustible gas is catalyzed, absorbed and discharged out of the vehicle;
a processor: the method is used for executing a computer program stored in a memory and realizing the thermal runaway detection and processing method of the vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack according to any one of claims 1-2.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the air pressure detection module comprises an air pressure sensor disposed at a pressure relief valve of each lithium ion power battery cell in the lithium ion power battery pack.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the temperature detection module comprises a temperature sensor disposed on a surface of each lithium ion power battery cell in the lithium ion power battery pack.
10. The system according to claim 7, wherein the air extraction module comprises an air extraction pipeline, an air extraction pump and a motor, the air extraction pipeline is respectively connected with the pressure relief valves of the lithium ion power battery cells, the air extraction pump is arranged at the exhaust end of the air extraction pipeline, the motor is connected with the air extraction pump, and activated carbon for catalyzing and absorbing combustible gas is arranged on the inner surface of the air extraction pipeline.
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| CN113745749A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Explosion-proof explosion-suppression lithium ion power battery system and control method thereof |
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