CN112505499A - Section division method for abnormal insulation of cable accessory - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for dividing an interval with abnormal insulation of a cable accessory, belonging to the technical field of power equipment state monitoring and fault diagnosis. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a three-frequency-band ultrahigh-frequency antenna array is used for detecting an abnormal discharge ultrahigh-frequency signal of a cable accessory, parallel signal processing is carried out, and three paths of synchronous detection signals are obtained; then extracting the pulse amplitude and the corresponding phase of the three detection signals in the acquisition time by a method of equally separating the phases by a window; and finally, calculating the amplitude ratio of the three-band signal, drawing a three-dimensional scattered point distribution diagram, and comparing the area of the three-dimensional scattered point distribution diagram with the characteristic area obtained by a simulated discharge test to determine the defect type of the actual detection result. The invention has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, high diagnosis efficiency, no need of phase information and the like, and can be applied to the online monitoring and charged detection of the abnormal discharge of the cable accessories.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power equipment state monitoring and fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a method for dividing an interval with abnormal insulation of a cable accessory, which is suitable for monitoring and diagnosing partial discharge of the power cable accessory.
Background
The cable line can cause various insulation faults due to natural aging of insulation, external force damage, design and manufacture processes and material quality influence, and an obvious abnormal discharge phenomenon often occurs before insulation breakdown. The abnormal discharge is the main cause of insulation degradation, and is also an important characteristic and an expression form thereof, latent defects and faults of the insulation can be reflected, and diagnosis and evaluation of defects, degradation degree and residual life of the cable can be realized by detecting an abnormal discharge signal. In general, abnormal discharge is accompanied by higher-frequency electromagnetic wave radiation, and leaks out through the electric shielding discontinuity, and a fast transient voltage to ground is formed on the ground line, and accordingly, an abnormal discharge detection method based on ultrahigh frequency has been developed. The ultrahigh frequency detection is a non-invasive abnormal discharge detection means of electrical equipment, and can be well suitable for field detection. However, the ultrahigh frequency signal amplitude is influenced by factors such as propagation path, distance and the like, so that the mode identification and the fine diagnosis of the abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency detection are difficult to realize.
The existing ultrahigh frequency detection technology can carry out capacitance detection in an ultrahigh frequency voltage full frequency band range, and carries out abnormal discharge diagnosis based on the intensity and the occurrence phase of a pulse signal obtained by detection, wherein the diagnosis technology comprises a time domain analysis method and a statistical analysis method. And (3) performing feature extraction on the time domain waveform generated by primary discharge or a transformation result thereof by using a time domain analysis method. However, the time domain signal is often subjected to severe attenuation distortion in the transmission process, and it is difficult to accurately extract the characteristic quantity, so that the effect is not good enough in field application. The abnormal discharge phase distribution diagram (PRPD spectrogram) is a widely adopted partial discharge analysis mode, and the discharge type can be obtained by calculation based on the PRPD spectrogram to extract statistical operators, namely skewness sk, the number Pe of local peaks, steepness ku, asymmetry Q, correlation coefficient z and the like. However, in the ultrahigh frequency detection, because the waveform and amplitude of the measurement signal are seriously affected by the propagation path and distance, statistics on the amplitude and phase of the signal often cannot correspond to the actual discharge type one by one, and the time domain and statistical characteristic quantity extraction method does not achieve an ideal effect in the mode identification of the ultrahigh frequency detection. In addition, the frequency domain analysis method is also a commonly used diagnostic technique, and particularly, the discharge type is identified by analyzing the correlation between the frequency components of the waveform and the power frequency voltage, the frequency domain analysis method needs to perform frequency spectrum analysis on the waveform of the ultrasonic signal, the data volume and the calculation amount are large, and the diagnosis effect in practical application is poor because the correlation between the ultrahigh frequency generated by abnormal discharge and the defect type is not exact. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a more intrinsic ultrahigh frequency detection device for detecting abnormal discharge at the cable termination, which is not affected by propagation path and distance. The method has obvious practical significance for further application of the ultrahigh frequency detection method, improvement of the field live inspection quality of equipment and shortening of the defect finding period of equipment accidents.
Currently, in the discharge type identification and insulation defect diagnosis of the abnormal discharge detection of the cable terminal, an amplitude-phase information statistics method is mostly adopted for extracting the characteristics of signals, and the discharge type is diagnosed and identified based on the characteristic quantity extracted by a phase-based spectrogram: firstly, testing partial discharge signals caused by typical insulation defects under different propagation ways and distances to obtain a large amount of complex spectrogram data and establish a database; secondly, when actual fault diagnosis is carried out, the discharge position is positioned by the partial discharge positioning technology and the distance between a positioning point and the sensor is calculated; and finally, inputting all the evaluated distance parameters and signals as characteristic quantities to perform database matching and intelligent identification of a diagnosis system. The method has the disadvantages of complex process and large database, needs a large amount of tests by researchers in the early stage, needs a system to perform complex machine learning in the later stage, has a long application preparation period, and is difficult to ensure the accuracy of diagnosis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for dividing an interval with abnormal cable accessory insulation aiming at the problems of low confidence coefficient, low fault resolution, lack of a diagnosis method and the like in the application of the ultrahigh frequency technology in the abnormal cable accessory discharge detection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a section dividing method for abnormal insulation of cable accessories comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signals of a cable accessory by using a three-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array, and performing parallel signal processing to obtain three paths of synchronous detection signals;
s2, extracting pulse amplitudes and corresponding phases of three detection signals in the acquisition time by a method of equally separating windows in phases;
and S3, calculating the amplitude ratio of the three-band signal, and drawing a three-dimensional scattered point distribution diagram to obtain different types of partial discharge characteristic areas.
Further, preferably, the abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signal of the cable accessory is detected by using the three-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array, then the local discharge ultrahigh frequency signal spectrum of the typical insulation defect of the cable accessory obtained by detection is calculated through fast fourier transform, and the response band of the whole ultrahigh frequency antenna is divided into three characteristic frequency spectrum intervals according to the distribution range of the local discharge ultrahigh frequency signal spectrum, namely a low band, a middle band and a high band.
Further, it is preferable that the ranges of the low band, the middle band and the high band are: [350MHz,600MHz ], (600MHz,1GHz ], (1GHz,1.5GHz ].
Further, it is preferable that the specific method of S1 is: detecting the abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signal of the cable accessory by using the three-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array, and obtaining three paths of synchronous detection signals; then, respectively accessing the three paths of filtering signals into three radio frequency logarithmic amplifiers; and finally, respectively accessing the amplified signals to three synchronous envelope detection circuits, and outputting three paths of synchronous low-band, medium-band and high-band envelope signals.
Further, preferably, the specific method of S2 is to firstly use the acquisition channels with the same sampling rate and the same analog bandwidth to synchronously acquire the three signals, and use the method of equally-spaced phase windows to record the pulse amplitude in the phase window, which is recorded as (a)i, X i )、(i, Y i ) And (a)i, Z i ) Wherein, i: the number of pulses of the (i) th,X i Y i Z i respectively the pulse amplitudes obtained by the three sensors.
Further, preferably, the calculation method of the amplitude ratio of the three-band signal is { x, y, z }i={|X i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |), |Y i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |), |Z i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |) }, the scattered point distribution area obtained by different types of partial discharge is a distribution area with aggregative characteristics, and the area is the characteristic area of different types of partial discharge.
Further, it is preferable that the boundary of the distribution area is determined using an edge extraction algorithm.
Further, preferably, the boundary of the distribution area is determined by using a delaunay triangulation function, and the specific steps are as follows:
triangulating amplitude ratio data points of a three-band signal by using a delaunay function to obtain an Nxm matrix, wherein N is the number of triangles to be segmented, and m is an endpoint serial number of each triangle;
secondly, extracting all surfaces connected during delaunay triangulation according to the matrix, and adding the connected surfaces into a new matrix to form an M multiplied by n matrix, wherein M is the number of the connected surfaces together; removing the surfaces with more than one occurrence times in the matrix, and reserving the minimum convex surface;
and thirdly, establishing a 3 xP matrix, wherein P is the number of the amplitude ratio data points of the three-band signal, the first, second and third rows are respectively the x, y and z coordinates of the data points, the connection sequence of the minimum convex surface is changed, the 3 xQ matrix is obtained, Q is the number of the vertexes of the convex surface, and the first, second and third rows are the x, y and z coordinates corresponding to the vertexes, and the boundary of the aggregation distribution area is obtained.
Further, it is preferable that the defect type of the actual detection result is determined by comparing the actually detected three-dimensional scatter distribution chart with the characteristic region obtained by the simulated discharge test.
The invention can utilize the simulated discharge test to obtain the characteristic regions of different types of partial discharge, analyze the abnormal discharge condition of the cable accessory, and correspondingly belong to the corresponding characteristic regions according to the three-dimensional scatter distribution condition of the amplitude ratio of the three-band signal obtained by the analysis, thereby obtaining the partial discharge type.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the problems of low confidence coefficient, low fault resolution, lack of a characteristic criterion method and the like in the cable accessory detection by the existing broadband or narrow-band ultrahigh frequency partial discharge detection technology, the invention provides the interval division method for the cable accessory insulation abnormity, the data accumulation process does not need to be supported by a complex algorithm, and the interval division method is more suitable for the data accumulation of an actual field and a laboratory;
(2) traditional partial discharge diagnosis is to finish extraction, clustering and learning of statistical characteristics according to phase-based statistical data, such as PRPD and PRPS methods, but absolute phase information is difficult to obtain in the field by the methods, most of applications carry out diagnosis by relative phases, and physical information in phase-based statistics is lost. The method does not depend on phase-based statistical data, does not need to track absolute phases on site, and only carries out discharge analysis through signal intensity ratios in different frequency bands, so that more intrinsic clustering characteristics of discharge signals can be obtained;
(3) compared with the existing ultrahigh frequency multiband back end filtering detection method, the ultrahigh frequency multiband back end filtering detection method adopts the ultrahigh frequency array to be matched with the filtering unit to complete synchronous data acquisition of different frequency bands, and ensures the coupling strength of original signals and the primary gain of the sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an example of a tri-band UHF band division method;
FIG. 2 illustrates the working principle of parallel signal processing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an envelope detection circuit;
fig. 4 is a boundary diagram of the aggregative distribution area obtained in the application example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products available by purchase.
1) The method comprises the steps of firstly analyzing a partial discharge ultrahigh frequency signal spectrum of a typical insulation defect of a cable accessory through fast Fourier transform, and dividing three characteristic spectrum intervals into a low band, a middle band and a high band according to spectrum distribution. The division method is shown in fig. 1. Typical ranges of the low band, the middle band and the high band are: 350MHz to 600MHz, 600MHz to 1GHz and 1GHz to 1.5 GHz.
2) Based on the above band range, selecting or designing a tri-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array with band response characteristics, wherein the design of the antenna can select a microstrip antenna, and the standing wave ratio (VSWR) typical range of each antenna unit is as follows: 3> VSWR > 1.
3) As shown in fig. 2, firstly, the three-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array is used to detect the abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signal of the cable accessory, and three synchronous detection signals are obtained; three detection signals are respectively accessed into three radio frequency logarithmic amplifiers, and the analog bandwidth of the amplifiers should cover the response bandwidth of the corresponding antenna;
4) and respectively connecting the amplified signals to three synchronous envelope detection circuits, and outputting three paths of synchronous low-band, medium-band and high-band envelope signals.
5) Synchronously acquiring signals of each path of the sensor by adopting acquisition channels with the same sampling rate and the same analog bandwidth, and recording the pulse amplitude in a phase window by adopting a method of equally-spaced phase windows, and recording the pulse amplitude as (i, X i )、(i, Y i ) And (a)i, Z i )；
6) And acquiring a three-dimensional scatter distribution diagram for counting the spatial distribution characteristic regions of the amplitude ratios of the three-band signals of different discharge types. The scattered point distribution area obtained by different types of partial discharge is a statistical distribution area with the dispersibility characteristic; each scatter point in the triangular scatter distribution diagram is represented by a tri-band pulse intensity (c:)X i ,Y i ,Z i ) And (4) calculating. The effect plotted with corona discharge and levitation discharge is shown in figure 3.
Examples of the applications
1) Firstly, analyzing a partial discharge ultrahigh frequency signal spectrum of a typical insulation defect of a cable accessory through fast Fourier transform, and dividing three characteristic spectrum intervals into a low band, a middle band and a high band according to spectrum distribution, namely [350MHz,600MHz ], (600MHz,1GHz ], (1GHz,1.5GHz ];
2) based on the above band range, selecting or designing a tri-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array with band response characteristics, wherein the design of the antenna can select a microstrip antenna, and the standing wave ratio (VSWR) typical range of each antenna unit is as follows: VSWR =1.8 (in band);
3) as shown in fig. 2, firstly, the three-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array is used to detect the abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signal of the cable accessory, and three synchronous detection signals are obtained; three detection signals are respectively accessed into three radio frequency logarithmic amplifiers, the analog bandwidth of the amplifiers respectively covers three ranges of [350MHz,600MHz ], (600MHz,1GHz ], (1GHz,1.5GHz ], and the gain in the bandwidth is set to-45 dB;
4) respectively connecting the amplified signals to three synchronous envelope detection circuits and outputting three paths of synchronous signalsEnvelope signals of wave bands, middle wave bands and high wave bands are synchronously acquired by adopting acquisition channels with the same sampling rate and the same analog bandwidth, and pulse amplitude values in a phase window are recorded by adopting an equal interval time window, which is marked as (A)i, X i )、(i, Y i ) And (a)i, Z i )；
6) And acquiring a three-dimensional scatter distribution diagram for counting the spatial distribution characteristic regions of the amplitude ratios of the three-band signals of different discharge types.
The calculation method of the amplitude ratio of the three-band signal is (x, y, z)i=(|X i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |), |Y i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |), |Z i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i I)) and the scattered point distribution areas obtained by different types of partial discharge are a distribution area with aggregative characteristics; the effect plotted with corona discharge and levitation discharge is shown in figure 3.
The boundary of the distribution region with the aggregative features can be realized by adopting an edge extraction algorithm. Taking the delaunay triangulation function as an example, the specific steps are as follows: triangulating amplitude ratio data points of a three-band signal by using a delaunay function to obtain an Nxm matrix, wherein N is the number of triangles to be segmented, and m is an endpoint serial number of each triangle and is generally 3; secondly, extracting all connected surfaces in the delaunay triangulation according to the matrix, and adding the connected surfaces into a new matrix to form an M multiplied by n matrix, wherein M is the number of the connected surfaces in common, and n is generally 3. The minimum convex surface only appears once in the matrix, so that the surface which appears more than once in the matrix is removed, and the minimum convex surface is reserved; establishing a 3 xP matrix, wherein P is the number of the amplitude ratio data points of the three-band signal, the first, second and third rows are respectively the x, y and z coordinates of the data points, the order of the connection of the minimum convex surface is changed, so that a 3 xQ matrix can be obtained, Q is the number of the vertexes of the convex surface, and the first, second and third rows are the x, y and z coordinates corresponding to the vertexes, so that the boundary of the aggregation distribution area is obtained, as shown in FIG. 4.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for dividing an interval with abnormal insulation of cable accessories is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, detecting abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signals of a cable accessory by using a three-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array, and performing parallel signal processing to obtain three paths of synchronous detection signals;
s2, extracting pulse amplitudes and corresponding phases of three detection signals in the acquisition time by a method of equally separating windows in phases;
and S3, calculating the amplitude ratio of the three-band signal, and drawing a three-dimensional scattered point distribution diagram to obtain different types of partial discharge characteristic areas.
2. The interval division method for the cable accessory insulation abnormity according to claim 1, characterized in that a tri-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array is used for detecting the abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signal of the cable accessory, then the local discharge ultrahigh frequency signal spectrum of the typical insulation defect of the cable accessory obtained by detection is calculated through fast Fourier transform, and the whole ultrahigh frequency antenna response frequency band is divided into three characteristic frequency spectrum intervals, namely a low wave band, a middle wave band and a high wave band according to the local discharge ultrahigh frequency signal spectrum distribution range.
3. The interval division method for the abnormal insulation of the cable accessories according to claim 2, wherein the ranges of the low band, the middle band and the high band are: [350MHz,600MHz ], (600MHz,1GHz ], (1GHz,1.5GHz ].
4. The method for dividing the interval of the cable accessory insulation abnormality according to claim 2, wherein the specific method of S1 is: detecting the abnormal discharge ultrahigh frequency signal of the cable accessory by using the three-band ultrahigh frequency antenna array, and obtaining three paths of synchronous detection signals; then, respectively accessing the three paths of filtering signals into three radio frequency logarithmic amplifiers; and finally, respectively accessing the amplified signals to three synchronous envelope detection circuits, and outputting three paths of synchronous low-band, medium-band and high-band envelope signals.
5. The interval division method for the cable accessory insulation abnormity according to claim 4, wherein the specific method of S2 is that three paths of signals are synchronously acquired by using acquisition channels with the same sampling rate and the same analog bandwidth, and the pulse amplitude in a phase window is recorded by using a method of equally-spaced windows in phase, and the method is recorded as (A)i, X i )、(i, Y i ) And (a)i, Z i ) Wherein, i: the number of pulses of the (i) th,X i Y i Z i respectively the pulse amplitudes obtained by the three sensors.
6. The interval division method for the abnormal insulation of the cable accessories according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in S3, the calculation method for the amplitude ratio of the three-band signals is { x, y, z }i={|X i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |), |Y i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |), |Z i |/(|X i |+|Y i |+|Z i |) }, powder obtained by different types of partial dischargeThe point distribution area is a distribution area with characteristic of aggregation, and the area is a characteristic area of different types of partial discharge.
7. The interval division method for the insulation abnormality of the cable accessory according to claim 1 or claim, wherein in S3, the boundary of the distribution area is determined by using an edge extraction algorithm.
8. The interval division method for the abnormal insulation of the cable accessories according to claim 1, wherein the boundary of the distribution area is determined by a delaunay triangulation function, and the specific steps are as follows:
triangulating amplitude ratio data points of a three-band signal by using a delaunay function to obtain an Nxm matrix, wherein N is the number of triangles to be segmented, and m is an endpoint serial number of each triangle;
secondly, extracting all surfaces connected during delaunay triangulation according to the matrix, and adding the connected surfaces into a new matrix to form an M multiplied by n matrix, wherein M is the number of the connected surfaces together; removing the surfaces with more than one occurrence times in the matrix, and reserving the minimum convex surface;
and thirdly, establishing a 3 xP matrix, wherein P is the number of the amplitude ratio data points of the three-band signal, the first, second and third rows are respectively the x, y and z coordinates of the data points, the connection sequence of the minimum convex surface is changed, the 3 xQ matrix is obtained, Q is the number of the vertexes of the convex surface, and the first, second and third rows are the x, y and z coordinates corresponding to the vertexes, and the boundary of the aggregation distribution area is obtained.
9. The method for dividing the section of the cable accessory insulation abnormality according to claim 1, wherein the defect type of the actual detection result is determined by comparing a three-dimensional scatter distribution chart of the actual detection with a characteristic region obtained by a simulated discharge test.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113625102A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-11-09 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Cable defect positioning method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN113625102B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2024-02-06 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Cable defect positioning method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
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