CN112503530A

CN112503530A - Vertical wide-temperature-range melting device and melting method for waste incineration fly ash

Info

Publication number: CN112503530A
Application number: CN202011574580.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高峰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-12-28
Filing date: 2020-12-28
Publication date: 2021-03-16

Abstract

The invention provides a vertical wide-temperature-range melting device and a melting method for waste incineration fly ash. By adding the spiral channel in the high-temperature melting area, the waste incineration fly ash falls spirally in the spiral channel to burn, the time of the waste incineration fly ash in the high-temperature melting area is prolonged to perform full reaction, heavy metal ions migrate into crystal lattices in a melting state under the high-temperature condition, stable chemical bonds are formed and solidified, the heavy metal leaching standard is met, and the treatment efficiency is improved. The waste incineration fly ash can be fully melted and decomposed, the discharge of black smoke and harmful gas is greatly reduced, and the clean discharge standard required by the ecological environment ministry is reached.

Description

Vertical wide-temperature-range melting device and melting method for waste incineration fly ash

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of waste incineration fly ash treatment, in particular to a vertical wide-temperature-range melting device and a melting method for waste incineration fly ash.

Background

With the development of society, the quality of life of people is better and better, and a large amount of garbage is generated along with the development of people, and the garbage disposal methods commonly used at present have the following two types: one is to adopt the landfill technology, however, with the gradual decrease of urban land, people are also looking for a scheme to replace the landfill technology; the other mode is to burn the household garbage, the household garbage generates a large amount of toxic gas during burning, and the household garbage is various, and the density, the shape, the chemical property and the burning special effect of combustible materials in the household garbage are different, so that a plurality of combustible materials in the common burning mode can not be fully burnt, and a large amount of black smoke and harmful gas are generated while incomplete burning, so that the atmosphere is polluted and the health of human is harmed. Meanwhile, the generated waste incineration fly ash is rich in dioxin, heavy metal and other hazards, and the dioxin in the fly ash can be decomposed and most heavy metal can be solidified through melting treatment.

The existing waste incineration fly ash treatment device needs to carry out pretreatment (water washing) on fly ash, and the treatment cannot be carried out continuously due to the influence of the melting point and the boiling point of chloride in the treatment process, so that the treatment equipment has high replacement rate and low treatment efficiency; sintering is insufficient, and harmful substances such as dioxin, chloride and the like in the treated substances cannot be fully decomposed. Particularly, after technical specifications (trial) for controlling pollution of fly ash from incineration of household garbage (HJ 1134) 2020 is issued and implemented by the department of ecological environment at 27.8.2020, the existing treatment method cannot meet new environmental protection requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a vertical wide-temperature-range melting device and a melting method for fly ash from waste incineration, which are used to burn the fly ash from waste incineration in a kiln body more completely and react completely, thereby reducing the emission of toxic and harmful substances, enabling the fly ash from waste incineration to be melted and decomposed sufficiently, reducing the emission of black smoke and harmful gases, and achieving the clean emission standard required by the ecological environment ministry.

The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means: the invention provides a vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for waste incineration fly ash, which comprises a kiln body, a kiln hood, a distributing device and an unloading machine, wherein the kiln hood covers the upper opening of the kiln body, the distributing device is arranged on the kiln hood, a smoke outlet is formed in the kiln hood, the unloading machine is arranged in the lower opening of the kiln body, the kiln body is sequentially provided with a melting preheating area, a high-temperature melting area and a cooling area from top to bottom, a spiral channel is arranged in the high-temperature melting area, the spiral channel comprises a spiral shaft and spiral blades, the spiral shaft and the kiln body are coaxial, and a plurality of meshes are formed in the spiral blades.

Further, the bottom of the kiln body is provided with a driving device for driving the screw shaft to rotate, the screw pitch of the screw blades is linearly increased from top to bottom, and each screw pitch value rotates for one circle.

Further, the mesh size corresponds to the pitch of the thread, one mesh size for each pitch of the thread, and the mesh size decreases linearly from top to bottom.

Further, still be provided with the air inlet on the kiln internal wall, the air inlet is provided with a plurality ofly, and is a plurality of the air inlet sets gradually from last to down, and an air inlet corresponds a pitch position, from last to the linear increase of distance between adjacent even an air inlet down, and the increase proportion is the same with pitch increase proportion, be provided with the check valve on the air inlet, the air inlet is connected with air-blast device through the air supply pipe respectively.

Further, the bottom of the spiral channel is provided with a weight detection sensor for measuring the total weight of the whole spiral channel.

Further, the distributing device includes motor, turbine speed reducer, toper hopper, spills the material swift current son and reinforced passageway, motor and turbine speed reducer cut off the setting on the roof of kiln hood, the motor is connected with the turbine speed reducer, the output shaft of turbine speed reducer passes and is connected with the toper hopper behind the roof, the export of reinforced passageway passes the top that lies in the toper hopper behind the roof, spill the rotatable setting of material swift current son in toper hopper below, the discharge gate of toper hopper is just to spilling the pan feeding mouth of material swift current son, changes the position on the horizontal plane of the discharge gate of spilling the material swift current son through rotating the toper hopper.

Further, spill material scraper-trough conveyer one end and pass through the connecting rod and be connected with the toper hopper is articulated, the other end that spills the material scraper-trough conveyer passes through the sprocket and the chain link is connected with the toper hopper, the sprocket setting is relative on the toper hopper with the one end of connecting rod, chain link one end is fixed and is kept away from connecting rod one end on spilling the material scraper-trough conveyer, the other end winding of chain link is on the sprocket, spills the contained angle of material scraper-trough conveyer and vertical direction through rotating the sprocket change, the swing angle that spills the material scraper-trough conveyer is 20~70 degrees with vertical direction contained angle.

Further, the melting preheating zone and the high-temperature melting zone are in conical shapes with large top and small bottom, the spiral channel is in a frustum shape with large top and small bottom, the shape of the frustum is similar to that of the inner wall of the high-temperature melting zone, the connecting positions of the melting preheating zone, the high-temperature melting zone and the cooling zone are in smooth transition, the height of the melting preheating zone is 5% -10% of the total height of the kiln body, and the height of the high-temperature melting zone accounts for 30% -50% of the total height of the kiln body.

The invention also provides a melting method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, feeding materials into the kiln body (1) through the feeding channel (34), and keeping the rotation of the motor to drive the conical hopper (32) to rotate in the feeding process; meanwhile, the chain wheel (332) is kept to rotate in a reciprocating manner, so that the spreading chute (33) can swing in a reciprocating manner, and the garbage incineration fly ash material is spread on the whole section of the kiln body (1);

s2, firstly, preheating fly ash in the falling process of a preheater, then, entering a high-temperature melting area, falling on a spiral blade, and then, burning and melting in the high-temperature melting area, wherein the volume of the melted fly ash is reduced, when the volume is reduced to a certain degree, the fly ash falls from a mesh on the uppermost screw pitch to reach the spiral blade of the next screw pitch for continuous burning and melting, and the fly ash is melted and completely falls into a cooling area after multi-section burning and melting;

s3, rotating the spiral blade in the melting process to make the fly ash spirally fall on the spiral blade, measuring the total weight on the spiral shaft through the weight detection sensor to calculate the weight of the fly ash accumulated on the spiral blade, and controlling the air supply speed and the rotation speed of the spiral blade according to the weight of the accumulated fly ash, wherein the heavier the weight of the accumulated fly ash is, the higher the air supply speed is, and the faster the rotation speed of the spiral blade is, so that the melting of the fly ash is accelerated.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a vertical wide-temperature-range melting device and a melting method for waste incineration fly ash, wherein the device comprises a kiln body, a kiln hood, a distributing device and an unloader, the kiln hood covers an upper opening of the kiln body, the distributing device is arranged on the kiln hood, a smoke exhaust opening is arranged on the kiln hood, the unloader is arranged in a lower opening of the kiln body, the kiln body is sequentially provided with a melting preheating area, a high-temperature melting area and a cooling area from top to bottom, a spiral channel is arranged in the high-temperature melting area, the spiral channel comprises a spiral shaft and spiral blades, the spiral shaft is coaxial with the kiln body, and a plurality of meshes are arranged on the spiral blades. By adding the spiral channel in the high-temperature melting zone, the waste incineration fly ash falls spirally in the spiral channel for combustion, and the time of the waste incineration fly ash in the high-temperature melting zone is increased for full reaction. Under the condition of high temperature, heavy metal ions migrate into crystal lattices in a molten state to form stable chemical bonds to be solidified, so that the heavy metal leaching standard is met, and the treatment efficiency is improved. The waste incineration fly ash can be fully melted and decomposed, the discharge of black smoke and harmful gas is greatly reduced, and the clean discharge standard required by the ecological environment ministry is reached.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at position A;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a spiral channel of the vertical wide temperature range melting device for waste incineration fly ash according to the present invention;

reference numerals:

1-a kiln body; 2-kiln hood; 3-a distributor; 4-a unloader; 11-a melt preheating zone; 12-a high temperature melting zone; 13-a cooling zone; 121-a helical axis; 122-helical blades; 123-air inlet; 124-mesh; 125-a blower; 31-a turbine reducer; 32-a conical hopper; 33-spreading the material scraper-trough conveyer; 34-a feed channel; 331-link; 332-a sprocket; 333-chain link.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be considered limiting of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for waste incineration fly ash, which comprises a kiln body 1, a kiln hood 2, a distributor 3 and a discharger 4, wherein the kiln hood 2 covers an upper opening of the kiln body 1, the kiln body is a heat-insulating corrosion-resistant kiln body, the kiln hood is a heat-insulating kiln hood, the distributor 3 is arranged on the kiln hood 2, a smoke exhaust opening is formed in the kiln hood 2, the discharger 4 is arranged in a lower opening of the kiln body 1, the kiln body 1 is sequentially provided with a melting preheating area 11, a high-temperature melting area 12 and a cooling area 13 from top to bottom, a spiral channel is arranged in the high-temperature melting area 12, the spiral channel comprises a spiral shaft 121 and spiral blades 122, the spiral shaft 121 is coaxial with the kiln body 1, and a plurality of meshes are arranged on the spiral blades 122. The spiral channel is arranged in the high-temperature melting zone 12, so that the waste incineration fly ash falls down from the spiral channel after entering the high-temperature melting zone 12, the falling speed of the waste incineration fly ash is reduced, the incineration time of the waste incineration fly ash is prolonged, the waste incineration fly ash can be fully melted, and the emission of toxic substances is reduced; meanwhile, the spiral blades 122 are uniformly or alternatively provided with meshes, so that the fully melted waste incineration fly ash residues directly fall through the meshes without slowly falling on a spiral channel; the melting efficiency and the melting effect are improved by separating sufficient melting from insufficient melting, directly dropping the sufficient melting, dropping the insufficient melting through the spiral channel and continuing the melting.

As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the bottom of the kiln body 1 is provided with a driving device for driving the screw shaft 121 to rotate, the pitch of the screw blades 122 increases linearly from top to bottom, and each pitch value rotates one turn, so that the waste incineration fly ash falls directly onto the screw blade 122 of the next pitch when falling from the mesh on the screw blade 122. By providing a driving device, the driving device can be set as a rotary motor and is in transmission connection with the rotary shaft through a speed reducer, so as to drive the rotation of the helical blade 122, and thus, the waste incineration fly ash accumulated on the helical blade 122 is conveyed downwards to be continuously melted. The pitch of helical blade 122 makes the increase of distance between helical blade 122 from last linear increase down for in the incineration process, from last to down can pile up on helical blade 122 waste incineration fly ash more, can burn through more time, make burn more abundant.

As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the mesh size corresponds to a pitch, one mesh size per pitch, and the mesh size decreases linearly from top to bottom. The mesh size becomes smaller and smaller, so that the size of the refuse incineration fly ash slag that can directly fall from the spiral blade 122 becomes smaller and smaller, and the more sufficiently it melts the smaller. The garbage incineration fly ash slag which is finally completely melted can completely fall through the meshes on the spiral blades 122. Meanwhile, the mesh size corresponds to the pitch, so that the waste incineration fly ash falling from the inside of the mesh directly enters the helical blade 122 with the next pitch, and then directly enters the mesh with the next size and can continue to fall down after further incineration.

As the further improvement to above-mentioned technical scheme, still be provided with air inlet 123 on the kiln body 1 inner wall, set up air inlet and air supply pipe and prevent its heat preservation effect that destroys the kiln body within the thermal-insulated heat preservation of the kiln body, prevent it air inlet 123 is provided with a plurality ofly, and is a plurality of air inlet 123 sets gradually from last to bottom, and an air inlet 123 corresponds a pitch position, from last to the linear increase of distance between adjacent even air inlet 123 down, and the increase proportion is the same with pitch increase proportion, be provided with the check valve on the air inlet 123, air inlet 123 is connected with air-blast device through the air supply pipe respectively. By providing an air inlet 123 at each pitch position, thereby providing a different amount of air supply, the arching speed is set in direct proportion to the pitch. So that the waste incineration fly ash accumulated on each helical blade 122 in the screw pitch can be fully melted.

As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the bottom of the spiral channel is provided with a weight detection sensor for measuring the total weight of the whole spiral channel. The weight of the waste incineration fly ash accumulated on the spiral channel is calculated by measuring the total weight of the whole spiral channel, when the weight of the waste incineration fly ash accumulated on the spiral channel exceeds a set threshold value, the rotating speed of the spiral channel is increased, the gas supply speed in the kiln body 1 is increased, and the incineration of the waste incineration fly ash is accelerated. Preferably, the air supply speed of each air inlet 123 is increased in an equal proportion.

As the further improvement to above-mentioned technical scheme, distributing device 3 includes motor, worm gear reducer 31, toper hopper 32, spills material scraper-trough conveyer 33 and reinforced passageway, motor and worm gear reducer 31 cut off the setting on kiln hood 2's roof, the motor is connected with worm gear reducer 31, worm gear reducer 31's output shaft passes behind the roof and is connected with toper hopper 32, reinforced passageway's export is located the top of toper hopper 32 after passing the roof, the rotatable setting of spills material scraper-trough conveyer 33 is in toper hopper 32 below, the discharge gate of toper hopper 32 is just to the pan feeding mouth of spilling material scraper-trough conveyer 33, changes the position on the horizontal plane of the discharge gate of spilling material scraper-trough conveyer 33 through rotating toper hopper 32. The feeding is carried out in the conical hopper 32 through the feeding channel 34, and the conical hopper 32 is driven to rotate at a constant speed through the motor and the worm gear reducer, so that the waste incineration fly ash can uniformly fall in the vertical kiln, and the waste incineration fly ash can uniformly fall in the radius range of the vertical kiln through the swinging of the material scattering scraper-trough conveyer 33.

As a further improvement to the above technical solution, one end of the spreading chute 33 is hinged to the tapered hopper 32 through a connecting rod 331, the other end of the spreading chute 33 is connected to the tapered hopper 32 through a chain wheel 332 and a chain ring 333, the chain wheel 332 is arranged at one end of the tapered hopper 32 opposite to the connecting rod 331, one end of the chain ring 333 is fixed to one end of the spreading chute 33, which is far away from the connecting rod 331, the other end of the chain ring 333 is wound on the chain wheel 332, an included angle between the spreading chute 33 and the vertical direction is changed by rotating the chain wheel 332, and a swinging angle of the spreading chute 33 is 20-70 degrees from the vertical direction. The swinging of the spreading scraper-trough conveyer 33 is controlled by the reciprocating rotation of the chain wheel 332, and the swinging angle of the spreading scraper-trough conveyer 33 is controlled at the same time, so that the garbage incineration fly ash is prevented from being accumulated on the spreading scraper-trough conveyer 33 and not falling.

As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the melting preheating zone 11 and the high temperature melting zone 12 are in a conical shape with a large top and a small bottom, the spiral channel is in a frustum shape with a large top and a small bottom similar to the inner wall of the high temperature melting zone 12, the tail end of the spiral blade 122 is close to the inner wall of the kiln body 1, the gap between the spiral channel and the inner wall of the kiln body 1 is not more than 3 cm, the refuse burning fly ash which is not fully burnt is prevented from falling from the gap, the joint of the melting preheating zone 11, the high temperature melting zone 12 and the cooling zone 13 is in smooth transition, the height of the melting preheating zone 11 is 5% -10% of the total height of the kiln body 1, and the height of the high temperature melting zone 12 accounts for 30.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a vertical wide temperature range melting device of msw incineration flying ash which characterized in that: including the kiln body (1), kiln hood (2), distributing device (3) and unloader (4), kiln hood (2) lid closes on the upper shed of the kiln body (1), distributing device (3) set up on kiln hood (2), be provided with the exhaust port on kiln hood (2), unloader (4) set up in the lower mouth of the kiln body (1), the kiln body (1) is from last to having set gradually melting preheating zone (11), high temperature melting district (12) and cooling space (13) down, be provided with the screw channel in high temperature melting district (12), the screw channel includes screw axis (121) and helical blade (122), screw axis (121) and kiln body (1) coaxial line, be provided with a plurality of meshes on helical blade (122).

2. The vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: the kiln body (1) bottom is provided with and is used for driving screw axis (121) pivoted drive arrangement, the pitch of helical blade (122) is from last to linear increase down, and every pitch value all rotates the round.

3. The vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration of claim 2, characterized in that: the mesh size corresponds to the pitch, and every pitch corresponds to a mesh size, just the size of mesh reduces from last linearity down.

4. The vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration of claim 3, wherein: still be provided with air inlet (123) on the kiln body (1) inner wall, air inlet (123) are provided with a plurality ofly, and are a plurality of air inlet (123) set gradually from last to down, and an air inlet (123) correspond a pitch position, follow the linear increase of distance between adjacent even an air inlet (123) down, and the increase proportion is the same with pitch increase proportion, be provided with the check valve on air inlet (123), air inlet (123) are connected with air-blast device through the air supply pipe respectively.

5. The vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: and a weight detection sensor for measuring the total weight of the whole spiral channel is arranged at the bottom of the spiral channel.

6. The vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: distributing device (3) include motor, worm gear speed reducer (31), toper hopper (32), spill material scraper-trough conveyer (33) and reinforced passageway, motor and worm gear speed reducer (31) are cut off and are set up on the roof of kiln hood (2), the motor is connected with worm gear speed reducer (31), the output shaft of worm gear speed reducer (31) passes and is connected with toper hopper (32) behind the roof, the top that lies in toper hopper (32) behind the roof is passed in reinforced passageway's export, the rotatable setting of spill material scraper-trough conveyer (33) is in toper hopper (32) below, the discharge gate of toper hopper (32) is just to the pan feeding mouth of spill material scraper-trough conveyer (33), changes the position on the horizontal plane of the discharge gate of spill material scraper-trough conveyer (33) through rotating toper hopper (32).

7. The vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration of claim 6, wherein: spill material swift current son (33) one end and pass through connecting rod (331) and toper hopper (32) articulated connection, the other end of spilling material swift current son (33) passes through sprocket (332) and link (333) and is connected with toper hopper (32), sprocket (332) set up on toper hopper (32) relative with the one end of connecting rod (331), link (333) one end is fixed and is kept away from connecting rod (331) one end on spilling material swift current son (33), the other end winding of link (333) is on sprocket (332), changes the contained angle of spilling material swift current son (33) and vertical direction through rotating sprocket (332), the swing angle of spilling material swift current son (33) is 20~70 degrees with vertical direction contained angle.

8. The vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: the melting preheating zone (11) and the high-temperature melting zone (12) are in conical shapes with the large top and the small bottom, the spiral channel is in a frustum shape with the large top and the small bottom, the shape of the frustum is similar to that of the inner wall of the high-temperature melting zone (12), the connecting positions of the melting preheating zone (11), the high-temperature melting zone (12) and the cooling zone (13) are in smooth transition, the height of the melting preheating zone (11) is 5% -10% of the total height of the kiln body (1), and the height of the high-temperature melting zone (12) accounts for 30% -50% of the total height of the kiln body (1).

9. A method for using the vertical wide-temperature-range melting device for the fly ash from waste incineration according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: