CN112501434A - Liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent and application thereof - Google Patents
Liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112501434A CN112501434A CN202011120987.2A CN202011120987A CN112501434A CN 112501434 A CN112501434 A CN 112501434A CN 202011120987 A CN202011120987 A CN 202011120987A CN 112501434 A CN112501434 A CN 112501434A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent and application thereof. The liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is a liquid silicon-containing binary or multi-element alloy, wherein the content of silicon in the alloy is 10% -95%, and the other elements except silicon are as follows: a metal element which can prevent the melting point of the alloy from rising or reduce the melting point of the alloy along with the reduction of the silicon content in the reduction process of the magnesium; the melting point of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is lower than 1550 ℃. The liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent has lower melting point and better fluidity, and can ensure that the reaction has good reduction effect, proper reaction condition and lower production cost when being applied to smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnesium metal smelting by a thermal reduction method, in particular to a liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent and application thereof.
Background
Smelting methods of magnesium metal are divided into two major categories, namely thermal reduction methods and electrolytic methods.
Magnesium smelting by thermal reduction refers to a process of reducing magnesium oxide to magnesium metal with a reducing agent at high temperature. It can be classified into the following according to the physical states of the reducing agent and the reduced matter: solid-state thermal reduction, semi-solid-state thermal reduction, and liquid-state thermal reduction.
In the thermal reduction process for producing magnesium, usable reducing agents are generally: industrial metal calcium, silicon calcium alloy, carbon, calcium carbide, aluminum iron, silicon aluminum alloy, silicon aluminum iron alloy, industrial silicon, silicon iron alloy and the like. The applicant finds out through continuous research that: easy availability in industrial production of reducing agent, energy consumption for reducing magnesium per ton of industrial production and CO reduction of magnesium per ton of industrial production2The comprehensive effects of various reducing agents for reducing the metal magnesium are finally attributed to the silicon-containing reducing agent by comparing the reducing agents from the aspects of discharging, industrial production ton magnesium reducing cost and metal magnesium collecting purity.
The effect of the existing 75 percent FeSi and SiAlFe alloy is relatively better for a solid-state thermal reduction method and a semi-solid-state thermal reduction method under the existing reduction technical condition. However, the solid-state thermal reduction method has low reduction efficiency and a long cycle, and 75% FeSi has disadvantages in that: the melting point of SiFe gradually increases with the consumption of Si in the reduction process, so that the reduction reaction of magnesium is limited, and the reduction element Si is wasted after the reduction is limited. The disadvantages of SiAlFe are: the price of Al is high, and Al is easy to volatilize under the vacuum condition to a certain extent, which influences the purity of the magnesium. The Pidgeon process in the prior art for smelting magnesium by a thermal reduction method adopts solid phase FeSi with the concentration of 75 percent, and has the obvious defects of long reaction period, low reduction rate, large energy consumption and pollution, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent. The liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent has lower melting point and better fluidity, and can ensure that the reaction has good reduction effect, proper reaction conditions and lower production cost when being applied to the magnesium smelting by the liquid thermal reduction method.
The invention also aims to provide application of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent in smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is a liquid silicon-containing binary or multi-element alloy, wherein the silicon content in the alloy is 10% -95%, and the other elements except silicon are as follows: a metal element which can prevent the melting point of the alloy from rising or reduce the melting point of the alloy along with the reduction of the silicon content in the reduction process of the magnesium; the melting point of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is lower than 1550 ℃.
Preferably, the other elements are one or more of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr and Co.
Preferably, the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is Si-X or Si-X-Y alloy, wherein X is one of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr and Co, and Y is one of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr and Co.
Further, the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent may be one or more of Si-Cu, Si-Cu-Ni, Si-Cu-Mn, Si-Al, Si-Cu-Al, Si-Fe, Si-Al-Fe, Si-Ni-Fe, Si-Mn, and Si-Mn-Fe.
Preferably, the melting point of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is lower than 1300 ℃. Further, the content of silicon in the liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent is 10-75%. Specifically, the Si-Mn/Al/Cu system is most suitable because of its wide range, the Si-Co/Ni/Fe system is second to the former, and the Si-Cr system is the narrowest.
Preferably, in the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent, the saturated vapor pressure of other elements is lower than that of magnesium. More preferably, N i, F e, C u, which have lower saturated vapor pressures, are more suitable for combination into S i-X or S i-X-Y alloy reduction systems at high temperatures, i.e., temperatures not lower than 1300 ℃.
Preferably, the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is produced by a melting method (melting silicon or ferrosilicon with corresponding alloy ingredients) or directly produced by an industrial smelting furnace.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides the application of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent in smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method.
Preferably, in the magnesium smelting by the liquid thermal reduction method, the reduction temperature range is 1300-1550 ℃, and the vacuum degree range of a reduction system is 10-6000 Pa. For example, the vacuum degree may be in the range of 10 to 1000Pa, 10 to 500Pa, 20 to 400Pa, or the like.
Compared with the prior art, the liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent (before magnesium smelting) is a liquid phase system, has low comprehensive melting point, low selectable reducing temperature and good reducing effect in a full reducing concentration section on the premise of meeting the requirement of reducing magnesium containing raw material magnesium, and can bring about great reduction cost, which is shown in reduction actual energy consumption and CO2Low emissions, low refractory consumption, and relatively good industrial operability. Specifically, the liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent is represented by the following aspects:
1) the melting point is lower and the fluidity is better;
2) has good reduction effect (the reduction rate is in the range of 85-98 percent), namely the activity of Si is ensured;
3) the reducibility is moderate, so that side reactions caused by too high reducibility are avoided;
4) the volatility is small;
5) the economic cost of liquid magnesium smelting can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a phase diagram of a Si-Fe alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a phase diagram of a Si-Al alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a phase diagram of a Si-Cu alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a phase diagram of a Si-Mn alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a phase diagram of a Si-Cr alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the saturated vapor pressure of the metal element in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The applicant summarizes through continuous research: for the liquid thermal reduction method, on the premise of meeting the requirement of reducing magnesium-containing raw material magnesium, the lower the comprehensive melting point is in the full reduction concentration section, the lower the reduction temperature is, the good reduction effect is achieved, and the reduction cost can be greatly reduced, which is shown in the actual energy consumption and CO reduction2Low emissions and refractory consumption and relatively good industrial operability. The applicant is based on: lower melting point and better fluidity; the reduction effect ensures the activity of Si; reducing property of the reducing agent to avoid side reaction caused by excessively high reducing property; less volatility; and economic factors and the like are comprehensively considered, the selection of the reducing agent in the liquid thermal reduction method for smelting magnesium is continuously researched, and the liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent is obtained.
The liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent provided by the invention is liquid binary or multi-element alloy containing silicon. In the alloy, the elements other than silicon are as follows: and in the reduction process of magnesium, the melting point of the alloy is not increased or the melting point of the alloy is reduced along with the reduction of the content of silicon. In the process of smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method, Si in the reduction component is continuously consumed along with the reduction process of Mg, the change of the content of Si tends to cause the change of the melting point and the fluidity of a reduction system, and the system with the melting point not increased or even decreased along with the decrease of the content of Si is preferentially selected in the invention, so that the better fluidity in the process of smelting magnesium by the liquid thermal reduction method can be ensured.
In the present invention, the other element may be one or more of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, and the like. Although the price of metals such as Cu, Mn, Ni and the like is relatively high, the reduction cost per ton of magnesium is increased when the method is used for a solid-state thermal reduction method or a semi-solid-state thermal reduction method; however, in the liquid thermal reduction method, as the reducing agent end point is still liquid low-silicon or low-silicon and low-aluminum liquid alloy, the silicon increasing and aluminum increasing method can be adopted for recycling, or other elements are added to form new-purpose alloy, so that the cost factor is diluted, and the industrial application has wide practical significance.
In the invention, optionally, the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent can be Si-X or Si-X-Y alloy, wherein X (a second element) is one of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr and Co, and Y (a third element) is one of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr and Co. For example, the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent may be Si-Cu, Si-Cu-Ni, Si-Cu-Mn, Si-Al, Si-Cu-Al, Si-Fe, Si-Al-Fe, Si-Ni-Fe, Si-Mn-Fe, etc. In the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent alloy, Si and Al are used as reducing agents, and Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr and Co are used as elements for lowering the melting point of the alloy. In the ternary system alloy, for example, Si-Fe-X and the like, the use cost and the melting point of the reduction alloy can be obviously reduced.
The melting point of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent selected by the invention is lower than 1550 ℃. More preferably, the melting point of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is below 1300 ℃. For example, the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is a binary or multi-element alloy system of Si-X or Si-X-Y with the melting point lower than 1550 ℃ or even 1300 ℃, Si in the reducing component is continuously consumed along with the progress of the Mg reducing process, and the change of the Si content tends to cause the change of the melting point and the fluidity of the reducing system, so the Si-X or Si-X-Y system with the melting point not increasing or even decreasing along with the decrease of the Si content is preferably selected in the invention. In order to ensure that the melting point of the reducing agent is less than 1550 ℃, particularly less than 1300 ℃, the content of common silicon in the reducing agent is 10-95%; it is even preferable that the silicon content satisfies 10% to 75% to correspond to the range of the liquidus temperature below 1300 ℃.
FIGS. 1 to 5 show phase diagrams of alloys of Si-Fe, Si-Al, Si-Cu, Si-Mn, and Si-Cr according to the present invention, respectively.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, when the Si-Fe reduction system is gradually reduced from 75% Si content, the liquidus temperature of the system fluctuates, especially above 1400 ℃ at Si content of about 35%, which will result in a reduction of the fluidity and reducing power of the reduction system to some extent. In the Si-Fe alloy, particularly preferably, when the melting point is less than 1550 ℃, the content of Si is not higher than 95%; when the melting point is less than 1300 ℃, the Si content is between 10 and 25 percent and between 45 and 75 percent.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the liquidus temperature of the Si-Al reduction system gradually decreases with decreasing Si content, and the liquidus temperature decreases with decreasing Si content in a larger range, so that the reduction system has better fluidity. In the Si-Al alloy, particularly preferably, when the melting point is less than 1550 ℃, the Si content is not higher than 95%; the Si content is not higher than 75% when the melting point is less than 1300 ℃.
As can be seen in fig. 3, the liquidus temperature of the Si-Cu reduction system is relatively low, and can be maintained in the range of 1400 c or even 1300 c over a wide range of alloy compositions. In the Si-Cu alloy, particularly preferably, when the melting point is less than 1550 ℃, the Si content is not higher than 95%; when the melting point is less than 1300 ℃, the Si content is not higher than 75 percent.
As can be seen in FIG. 4, the liquidus temperature is within 1300 ℃ for the Si-Mn reducing agent over a wide range of alloy compositions. In the Si-Mn alloy, particularly preferably, when the melting point is less than 1550 ℃, the Si content is not higher than 95%; when the melting point is less than 1300 ℃, the Si content is not higher than 70 percent.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, in the Si-Cr alloy, the Si content is not less than 35% at a melting point of less than 1550 ℃.
In addition, in the Si-Co alloy, particularly preferably, when the melting point is less than 1550 ℃, the Si content is 15-95%; when the melting point is less than 1300 ℃, the Si content is 45-75%.
In the Si — Ni alloy, particularly preferably, the Si content is not higher than 95% at a melting point of less than 1550 ℃; when the melting point is less than 1300 ℃, the Si content is not higher than 55 percent.
Among the above alloy systems, the Si-Mn/Al/Cu system is most suitable because of its wide range, the Si-Co/Ni/Fe system is second to the above, and the Si-Cr system is the narrowest. The invention has been described with specific reference to binary alloys, and ternary alloys have a melting point lower than that of the binary system. When the reduction temperature of the ternary alloy is lower than 1300 ℃, the alloy composition ranges such as Si molar content of 20-30%, Ni molar content of 40-80%, Fe molar content of less than 50%, such as Si molar content of 40-60%, Ni molar content of 30-50% and Fe molar content of 10-30%, and the vacuum degree is less than 50Pa at the moment, so that the reduction of the liquid reduction alloy on the metal magnesium is met.
In the reduction process of smelting magnesium by a liquid reduction method, the invention requires that X has lower saturated vapor pressure in a reduction system of Si-X or Si-X-Y alloy, namely the saturated vapor pressure is lower than that of magnesium, so as to avoid/reduce the volatilization of the X and the X to be mixed into magnesium vapor to become impurity elements.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between temperature and saturated vapor pressure of a plurality of elements in the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the saturated vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature, and when the vapor pressure in the system is smaller than the saturated vapor pressure, the elements volatilize, and the saturated vapor pressure of each element is in the order from small to large: si < Ni < Fe < Cu < Al < Mn < Mg < Na < K. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, for Fe, the saturated vapor pressure is less than 10Pa when the temperature is lower than 1656 ℃. For Ni, the saturated vapor pressure is less than 10Pa at a temperature of less than 1682 ℃, and the vapor pressure is closest to the volatilization curve of the reducing agent Si. For Cu, when the temperature is 1500 ℃, the saturated vapor pressure of Cu is about 33Pa, which is higher than the reduction vapor pressure (about 10-13 Pa) of Pidgeon process, and the evaporation of copper metal can be mixed into magnesium vapor; when the temperature is reduced to below 1300 ℃, the saturated vapor pressure of Cu is less than 2 Pa. For Al and Mn, the saturated vapor pressure of Al and Mn is higher than that of Cu at the same temperature, and the saturated vapor pressure is less than 1Pa when the temperature is lower than 1200 ℃.
Therefore, at high temperatures, for example, not lower than 1300 ℃, Ni, Fe, Cu having lower saturated vapor pressure are more suitable for combination into a Si-X or Si-X-Y alloy reduction system. Although the price of Ni metal is much higher than that of Al and Cu, Ni is not consumed and can be recycled in the raffinate silicon-adding recycling process; secondly, by considering the ternary alloy composition of Si-Fe-X, the use cost and the melting point of the reduced alloy can be also obviously reduced. The invention adopts the metal element with the vapor pressure lower than that of magnesium to form an alloy system with silicon, so that impurities formed by mixing other elements with magnesium after volatilization can be avoided, namely, the impurity content in the reduction product Mg metal can be reduced.
In the invention, the preparation method of the liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent can be obtained by a batch melting method or production through an industrial smelting furnace and the like. For example, when Si-X or Si-X-Y alloy is used as a liquid reductant alloy for smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method, the preparation method can be that industrial silicon or ferrosilicon is produced by a corresponding X, Y alloy metal batch melting method; can also be obtained by direct production in an industrial smelting furnace, for example, for the silicon-aluminum-iron alloy, the silicon-aluminum-iron alloy can be melted firstly and then added into a reactor according to the production process requirement; or may be added to the reactor in solid form and then remelted as a pool of reductant.
The invention also provides an application of the liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent in smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method. Wherein, in the magnesium smelting by the liquid thermal reduction method, the reduction temperature range can be 1300-1550 ℃, and the vacuum degree range is 10-6000 Pa. For example, the temperature range may be 1300 ℃, 1400 ℃, 1500 ℃, etc., and the vacuum range may be 10 to 1000Pa, 10 to 500Pa, 20 to 400Pa, etc. Wherein, for different liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agents, the actually selected reduction temperature and vacuum degree are correspondingly different in the process of liquid thermal reduction magnesium-smelting. For example, when the reducing agent is Si-Cu alloy, the reduction temperature is 1300 ℃, and the vacuum degree ranges from 50Pa to 200 Pa; the reduction temperature is 1500 ℃, and the vacuum degree ranges from 400Pa to 1000 Pa. When the reducing agent is Si-Fe alloy, the reduction temperature is 1300 ℃, and the vacuum degree ranges from 10Pa to 50 Pa; the reduction temperature is 1500 ℃, and the vacuum degree ranges from 100 Pa to 400 Pa.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the steps of carrying out magnesium metal reduction on a solid ferrosilicon alloy containing 75% of silicon, using dolomite as a raw material, using ferrosilicon as a reducing agent and fluorite as a mineralizing agent, crushing calcined dolomite into about 200 meshes, preparing pellets, then loading the pellets into a reduction tank, carrying out reduction at a high temperature of about 1200 ℃ and under a vacuum condition of less than 13.3Pa to prepare crystallized magnesium, carrying out refining, and then casting into magnesium ingots, wherein the production quality of a single tank is generally less than 50Kg, the smelting period is 8-10 h, the energy consumption in the reduction process is high, and the production efficiency is low.
Example 1
Taking liquid Si-Fe alloy as an example, the specific process of smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method is as follows:
step one, preparing a liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent Si-Fe alloy. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the selected Si-Fe alloy into a liquid magnesium smelting device, wherein the granularity of a single alloy is smaller than 2/3 of the diameter of a furnace mouth, the shape is not required, and reasonably laying bottom materials to ensure good bottom melting;
(2) after Si-Fe alloy with proper weight is filled, a power supply of a liquid magnesium smelting device is switched on, the Si-Fe alloy is gradually melted by induction heating, high-power and high-pressure operation is adopted at the beginning, and the power and the pressure can be properly reduced after more liquid phase is smelted;
(3) after the loaded Si-Fe alloy is completely melted, the Si-Fe alloy can be continuously added through the upper bin, and at the moment, the small-granularity Si-Fe alloy is used, so that the sputtering caused after the Si-Fe alloy is added is avoided, and the low pressure is ensured.
And step two, smelting magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction method. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) when the Si-Fe alloy liquid phase in the liquid magnesium smelting device occupies about 1/3 volumes of a hearth, adding small particles of magnesium-containing raw materials and fluorite from the upper part of the device, and enabling the mixture to enter a liquid-phase Si-Fe alloy molten pool;
(2) reducing at 1300 ℃ and 20Pa, and condensing generated magnesium vapor to form magnesium ingots;
(3) when the Si-Fe reducing alloy in the molten pool is less, the silicon iron alloy containing more Si or industrial silicon and the like can be added to ensure sufficient reducing alloy;
through detection, the magnesium smelting is carried out by adopting the comparative example 1, the reduction rate is less than 85%, the reaction period is 8-10 h, and the batch production is carried out. By adopting the method for smelting magnesium in the embodiment 1, the reduction rate is higher than 90%, the purity of the magnesium is slightly reduced, and compared with the proportion 1, the reduction rate in unit time in the embodiment 1 is improved by more than 50%, and the method can realize continuous magnesium smelting production, improve the yield in unit time and greatly improve the production efficiency.
The invention only exemplarily describes the concrete process of magnesium smelting by using the liquid thermal reduction method for the liquid Si-Fe alloy, and the concrete process of magnesium smelting by using the liquid thermal reduction method for other reducing agents, such as liquid Si-Cu, Si-Cu-Ni, Si-Cu-Mn, Si-Al, Si-Cu-Al, Si-Fe, Si-Ni-Fe, Si-Mn-Fe, Si-Cr, Si-Co and other alloy systems is similar to the above, the reduction parameters are all in the scope of the application, the reduction efficiency is slightly changed but is generally in the range of 85% -98%, and in addition, the Ni price in the Ni-containing reduction system of Si-Ni and the like is high, but Ni is not consumed in the magnesium reduction process, and Ni can be recycled. Therefore, the liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent is adopted for smelting magnesium, the reduction temperature is low, the reduction cost is low, the reduction effect is good, the reaction period is short, continuous production can be realized, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (10)
1. The liquid magnesium smelting reducing agent is a liquid silicon-containing binary or multi-element alloy, wherein the silicon content in the alloy is 10% -95%, and the other elements except silicon are as follows: a metal element which can prevent the melting point of the alloy from rising or reduce the melting point of the alloy along with the reduction of the silicon content in the reduction process of the magnesium; the melting point of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is lower than 1550 ℃.
2. A liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein the other elements are one or more of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Co.
3. The liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent according to claim 2, wherein the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is Si-X or Si-X-Y alloy, wherein X is one of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Co, and Y is one of Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Co.
4. The liquid magnesium-making reductant according to claim 3, wherein the liquid magnesium-making reductant is one of Si-Cu, Si-Cu-Ni, Si-Cu-Mn, Si-Al, Si-Cu-Al, Si-Fe, Si-Al-Fe, Si-Ni-Fe, Si-Mn, and Si-Mn-Fe.
5. A liquid magnesium smelting reductant according to claim 1, wherein the melting point of the liquid magnesium smelting reductant is less than 1550 ℃ or even less than 1300 ℃.
6. A liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein the silicon content in the alloy is 10% to 75%.
7. A liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein the saturated vapor pressure of other elements in the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of magnesium.
8. A liquid magnesium-smelting reductant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is produced by melting of silicon or ferrosilicon with the corresponding alloy batch, or directly by an industrial smelting furnace.
9. Use of a liquid magnesium smelting reductant according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the smelting of magnesium by a liquid thermal reduction process.
10. The application of the liquid magnesium-smelting reducing agent in the liquid thermal reduction method for smelting magnesium according to claim 9, wherein in the liquid thermal reduction method for smelting magnesium, the reduction temperature range is 1300-1550 ℃, and the vacuum degree range of a reduction system is 10-6000 Pa.
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