CN112497709A

CN112497709A - Pressure stabilizing mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN112497709A
Application number: CN202011252481.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈伟; 朱金芳; 孟军
Original assignee: Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College
Current assignee: Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College
Priority date: 2020-11-11
Filing date: 2020-11-11
Publication date: 2021-03-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a pressure stabilizing mechanism, relates to the technical field of extrusion equipment, aims to solve the problem of unstable pressure of a plastic extruder, and adopts the technical scheme that: including cup jointing two steady voltage sliding sleeves in the screw rod outside of extruder, steady the taper structure that the cylindric both ends of centre dwindled gradually of steady voltage sliding sleeve, the linkage of screw rod axial activity circumference relatively of steady voltage sliding sleeve forms the balanced chamber with adjustable size between two steady voltage sliding sleeves. The invention can perform balance adjustment on the pressure in the extruder, thereby increasing the running stability of the extruder.

Description

Pressure stabilizing mechanism

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an extrusion apparatus, and more particularly, it relates to a pressure stabilization mechanism.

Background

In the modernization process of the manufacturing industry, as people develop and introduce high polymer plastic materials, various high-strength, light-weight and special-shaped structural designs and products are realized, and the high polymer plastic materials become an indispensable part in the production and the life of people; in the production process of the polymer plastic material, the polymer resin material is usually processed into master batches, then the master batches are heated and extruded by an extruder, and then the master batches are processed and molded by a proper mould to obtain a required structural product.

In the production process of the extruder, raw materials are heated in a limited and closed environment, and then materials are extruded into a die through the extrusion and the conveying of the screw rods to form a stable raw material loosening channel, while in the processing process of the extruder, the pressure of the internal screw rods on the materials also influences the normal production, and the condition of unstable production or defects caused by unstable internal pressure often occurs in the normal use process.

While more waste materials are often generated in the production process of high polymer plastics, especially, a large amount of raw material waste is generated in the process of adjusting and shaping a large sample, most production units can recycle the waste materials to be used for specific products or shaping, the waste materials are mixed with more impurities and substances with different components, further pollution is generated in the process of recycling the waste materials, a large amount of hollow gaps can exist in particles, more air is mixed in the particles, different types of materials can generate different expansion pressures under the same heating in processing, the internal pressure of the extruder is unstable, the normal work of the extruder is influenced, the conventional material extrusion equipment cannot adapt to the production condition, and the recycling rate of the plastic high polymer material waste is low, resulting in waste of production cost.

Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve this problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pressure stabilizing mechanism capable of improving the stability of the internal pressure of an extruder and facilitating the recycling of waste materials.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a pressure stabilizing mechanism, is including cup jointing two steady voltage sliding sleeves in the screw rod outside of extruder, steady voltage sliding sleeve is the taper structure that cylindric both ends of centre dwindled gradually, the linkage of screw rod axial activity circumference is relatively gone here to steady voltage sliding sleeve, forms the balanced chamber with adjustable size between two steady voltage sliding sleeves.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that a pressure stabilizing main cavity for storing hydraulic oil is formed between the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve which is recessed inwards and the screw, a pressure stabilizing piston plate is arranged inside the pressure stabilizing main cavity, the pressure stabilizing piston plate divides the pressure stabilizing main cavity into a pressure receiving cavity and a buffer cavity which are distributed along the axial direction of the screw, the two buffer cavities are positioned between the two pressure receiving cavities, and the pressure receiving cavity and the buffer cavities are both communicated with an external hydraulic control component.

The hydraulic control device is further provided with an oil duct connected with the hydraulic control assembly in the screw, and a pressure stabilizing oil hole I and a pressure stabilizing oil hole II communicated with the oil duct are respectively arranged at the positions of the screw corresponding to the pressure bearing cavity and the buffer cavity.

The invention is further arranged in that a sealing sleeve for sealing the pressure stabilizing oil hole II is arranged in the buffer cavity, the sealing sleeve is a rubber sleeve sleeved on the screw rod, and the outer side of the sealing sleeve is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing main cavity and is connected with the pressure stabilizing piston plate through a pressure stabilizing spring.

The invention is further arranged in that the inner wall of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve is provided with a sliding guide ring groove, the inner wall of the sliding guide ring groove is provided with a thread groove, the outer wall of the screw rod at the corresponding position is provided with a thread bulge, and the thread groove and the thread bulge are mutually matched to form a spiral matching structure.

The invention is further set that the thread grooves in the guide sliding ring grooves of the two pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves are opposite in rotation direction, the thread grooves in the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves close to one side of the discharge end are consistent in rotation direction with the spiral blades, and the thread grooves in the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves close to the feed end are opposite.

The invention is further arranged that the thread pitch of the thread groove in the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve on the side close to the discharge end is smaller than the thread pitch of the thread groove in the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve on the side close to the feed end.

The invention is further provided with a stirring mechanism which is linked with the screw rod and arranged in the balance cavity, wherein the stirring mechanism is a spiral stirring blade connected with the screw rod or a plurality of stirring rods connected outside the screw rod.

The invention is further arranged in that a movable baffle and a fixed baffle are arranged in the balance cavity, a first material hole and a second material hole for materials to pass through are respectively formed in the movable baffle and the fixed baffle, the movable baffle is fixedly connected with a pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve close to one side of the feeding end and can move relative to the screw rod, and the fixed baffle is fixedly connected with the screw rod.

The invention is further set up in that the fixed baffle is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, the screw rod passes through the shaft hole of the fixed baffle, the screw rod and the fixed baffle form a structure capable of rotating relatively to the axial direction, the inner side of the shaft hole of the fixed baffle is provided with an annular oil cavity, the two ends of the oil cavity are sealed with the outer wall of the screw rod through a fourth sealing element, the oil cavity is communicated with the hydraulic control assembly through a hydraulic pipe, and the screw rod is provided with a main oil hole communicated with the oil duct corresponding to the position of the oil cavity.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the pressure of the oil duct and the pressure-bearing cavity is increased through the externally-connected hydraulic control assembly, and the pressure of the pressure-bearing cavity is greater than that of the buffer cavity, so that the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves are pushed to move relatively hydraulically, the balance cavity between the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves is relatively reduced, the spaces at the positions of two sides of the balance cavity are relatively increased, and the material pressure in the cylinder is transferred to the balance cavity so as to maintain the material pressure at the positions of the feeding end and the discharging end to be relatively stable; when the hydraulic pressure is further increased, the amplitude of the movement of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve is further increased by the hydraulic pressure until the amplitude exceeds the length of the sealing sleeve, at the moment, the sealing sleeve cannot cover the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II, the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II is in an open state, and the pressure-receiving cavity and the buffer cavity are in a communicated state, so that the oil pressure in the pressure-receiving cavity and the oil pressure in the buffer cavity are rapidly balanced, after the balance, the pressure of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve on the balance cavity is reduced, then the pressure in the balance cavity and the tension of the pressure-stabilizing spring push the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve to slide in the opposite direction until the sealing sleeve seals the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II, then the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve generates circular motion along with the increase of the oil pressure, and in the reciprocating motion process, the materials entering the feeding end are controlled to be reduced, the continuous material; because the oil pressure in the balance cavity is increased, the balance cavity can bear higher pressure, and the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves on the two sides are maintained in a relatively stable state;

when the material pressure in the barrel is insufficient or the pressure in the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve needs to be relieved, the pressure of the oil duct and the pressure cavity is reduced through an external hydraulic control assembly, the pressure of the pressure cavity is smaller than that of the buffer cavity, so that the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve cannot bear the pressure of the balance cavity, the material pressure in the balance cavity is matched with the oil pressure in the buffer cavity to push the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve to move in the direction away from each other, the space in the balance cavity is increased, the other spaces except the balance cavity in the barrel are opposite, and the material pressure in the balance cavity is reduced to supplement other positions in the barrel so as to maintain the material pressure at the feed end and the discharge end to be relatively stable;

when the hydraulic pressure is further reduced, the amplitude of the movement of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve is further increased by hydraulic pressure until the amplitude exceeds the length of the sealing sleeve, at the moment, the sealing sleeve cannot cover the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II, the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II is in an open state, and the pressure-receiving cavity and the buffer cavity are in a communicated state, so that the oil pressure in the pressure-receiving cavity and the oil pressure in the buffer cavity are rapidly balanced; due to the reduction of the oil pressure in the balance cavity, the pressure which can be borne by the balance cavity is relatively reduced, and the pressure regulation on the two sides is more sensitive.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an extruder of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the extruder of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure stabilization mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve near the feed end of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve near the discharge end of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a balance chamber of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the outfeed head of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the supporting device of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a barrel; 11. a feed hopper; 12. a heating device; 13. a drive mechanism; 2. a screw; 20. a helical blade; 21. a first pole segment; 22. a second pole segment; 23. a third pole segment; 24. a fourth pole segment; 25. an oil passage; 3. a pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve; 31. a movable baffle; 311. a material hole I; 312. a first sealing element; 32. a main pressure stabilizing cavity; 320. a pressure-stabilizing piston plate; 321. a hydraulic seal; 322. the pressure is applied; 323. a buffer chamber; 324. a first pressure stabilizing oil hole; 325. opening one; 326. a second pressure stabilizing oil hole; 327. a second gap; 328. a sealing sleeve; 329. an oil passing hole; 3210. a pressure stabilizing spring; 33. sealing the ring groove; 331. a second sealing element; 34. a sliding guide ring groove; 341. a thread groove; 342. a threaded boss; 343. a third sealing element; 4. fixing a baffle plate; 41. a balancing chamber; 42. a stirring rod; 45. a second material hole; 46. fixing a sleeve; 47. a fourth sealing element; 48. an oil chamber; 49. a main oil hole; 410. a hydraulic tube; 5. a discharging machine head; 51. a flow-limiting sliding sleeve; 52. a conical surface; 53. a notch; 54. a current limiting main chamber; 55. a first flow-limiting piston plate; 56. a second flow-limiting piston plate; 57. a first flow limiting cavity; 58. a second flow limiting cavity; 59. a third flow limiting cavity; 510. a first current limiting spring; 511. a second current limiting spring; 512. a flow-limiting oil hole; 513. a fifth sealing element; 6. a support device; 61. a support cavity; 62. a thrust bearing; 63. a limit nut; 64. a deep groove ball bearing; 65. and locking the nut.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the embodiment discloses an extruder, which is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 and comprises a cylinder 1 and a screw 2, wherein the cylinder 1 is divided into a feeding end and a discharging end, a feeding hopper 11 is arranged on the feeding end for raw material to enter, and a discharging head 5 is arranged at the discharging end for material to flow out; a heating device 12 is arranged on the periphery of the cylinder 1 to heat the material sheet in the cylinder 1; the screw 2 is rotatably connected to the inside of the barrel 1 through a support device 6, a helical blade 20 is fixed to the outer periphery of the screw 2, the screw 2 is driven to rotate by a driving mechanism 13, and the helical blade 20 extrudes the heated and melted material from the discharge head 5 during the rotation. A plurality of pressure detection sensors are arranged at various positions in the cylinder body 1 to monitor the material pressure piece in the cylinder body 1.

In the extruder, the screw 2 comprises a first rod section 21, a second rod section 22, a third rod section 23 and a fourth rod section 24 which are sequentially arranged from the feeding end to the discharging end, the diameter of each rod section is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end, the outer diameter of the helical blade 20 on each rod section is consistent, and the feed hopper 11 is arranged at a position corresponding to the first rod section 21; because the diameter of the screw rod 2 changes, the gap between the periphery of the screw rod 2 and the inner wall of the cylinder body 1 also changes, when materials enter from the feed hopper 11, the gap is smaller, so that the amount of the materials which can enter is relatively less, the gap between the conveying screw rod 2 and the cylinder body 1 of the materials is gradually increased, the materials are softened and melted along with heating, adverse reactions such as expansion and bubble outflow can be caused by the larger space, the materials are in a transportation environment with lower relative pressure, and the problem that the stability of material conveying is influenced due to the overlarge internal pressure of the cylinder body 1 is avoided.

Example two:

the embodiment discloses a pressure stabilizing mechanism, which can be installed in a plastic extruder as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, and mainly comprises two pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves 3, wherein the two pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 are sleeved outside a screw rod 2 and can axially move relative to the screw rod 2, and the structures inside the two pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 are similar and are in a relatively reversed structure.

The outer wall of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 is cylindrical in the middle, the two ends of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve are tapered gradually, the inner wall of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 is matched with the end of the third rod, a concave annular groove is formed on the inner wall of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3, and a pressure-stabilizing main cavity 32 is formed between the annular groove and the screw rod 2; sealing ring grooves 33 are arranged at two ends of the pressure stabilizing main cavity 32, and a second sealing element 331 is arranged between the sealing ring grooves 33 and the screw rod 2, so that the pressure stabilizing main cavity 32 can keep sealing in the axial movement process of the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 relative to the screw rod 2; the gap size between the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 and the barrel 1 changes, a relatively large conical gap space is formed between the two pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 to form a balance cavity 41 for materials, part of the materials can be temporarily stored in the balance cavity 41, when the pressure at other positions is unstable, the pressure can be released or increased, and the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 can be movably adjusted to adjust the space of each cavity and further balance the pressure conditions at each position.

A pressure stabilizing piston plate 320 is arranged in the pressure stabilizing main cavity 32, the pressure stabilizing piston plate 320 divides the pressure stabilizing main cavity 32 into a pressure receiving cavity and a buffer cavity 323 which are distributed along the axial direction of the screw rod 2 in the pressure stabilizing main cavity 32, and the two buffer cavities 323 are positioned between the two pressure receiving cavities; the pressure-stabilizing piston plate 320 is of a circular ring structure, the inner side of the pressure-stabilizing piston plate is fixedly connected and sealed with the screw rod 2, the outer side of the pressure-stabilizing piston plate is sealed by a hydraulic sealing element 321, and the pressure-stabilizing piston plate and the inner wall of the pressure-stabilizing main cavity 32 form a piston structure, so that the sizes of the pressure-bearing cavity and the buffer cavity 323 can be adjusted in the axial movement process of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 relative to.

An oil passage 25 is preset in the third rod section 23 of the screw rod 2, the oil passage 25 is connected with an external hydraulic control component to adjust the oil pressure in the oil passage 25, and a first pressure stabilizing oil hole 324 and a second pressure stabilizing oil hole 326 are respectively arranged at the positions of the screw rod 2 corresponding to the pressure receiving cavity and the buffer cavity 323; openings of the first pressure stabilizing oil hole 325 and the second pressure stabilizing oil hole 326 are respectively provided with a first opening 325 and a second opening 327, a sealing sleeve 328 is arranged inside the buffer cavity 323, the sealing sleeve 328 is an elastic rubber soft sleeve, is sleeved on the screw rod 2 and is tightly connected with the screw rod 2 and can cover the second pressure stabilizing oil hole 326, the outer side of the sealing sleeve 328 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the main pressure stabilizing cavity 32, and the sealing sleeve 328 is preset with an oil hole 329 for the flow of pressure oil to balance the pressure on the two sides; the end of the sealing sleeve 328 is connected with the pressure-stabilizing piston plate 320 through a pressure-stabilizing spring 3210, so that the sealing sleeve 328 can keep stable relative to the screw 2 and has a certain elastic buffer space; the length of the sealing sleeve 328 is shorter than that of the buffer cavity 323, and the switching of the two states of sealing and opening of the pressure stabilizing oil hole II 326 can be formed in the axial movement process of the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 relative to the screw rod 2; and because the rubber elasticity of the sealing sleeve 328 makes certain pressure keep between sealing sleeve 328 and screw rod 2, form certain damping friction effect, produce certain damping hysteresis effect in the course of closing, opening the switching of two kinds of states.

In an initial state, the sizes of the two chambers of the pressure-bearing chamber and the buffer chamber 323 are close, the internal oil pressure is kept balanced, the sealing sleeve 328 covers the second pressure-stabilizing oil hole 326 under the maintenance of the pressure-stabilizing spring 3210, the pressure-bearing chamber is communicated with the oil passage 25, and the buffer chamber 323 is relatively independently sealed; because the pressure-bearing cavity and the buffer cavity 323 are filled with hydraulic oil and have certain oil pressure, the stability of the two cavities can be maintained, when the middle pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 and the external thread blade thereof receive certain axial pressure, certain stability can be maintained, and when the axial pressure is further increased, the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve can be pushed to generate certain axial movement, the sizes of the pressure-bearing cavity and the buffer cavity 323 also generate certain change along with the change, and the movement amplitude is relatively smaller and is kept within the length range of the sealing sleeve 328, so that the sealing sleeve 328 can always cover and seal the pressure-stabilizing oil hole two 326;

when the pressure of the material in the cylinder 1 is too high and needs to be balanced, the pressure of the oil channel 25 and the pressure-bearing cavity is increased through the external hydraulic control assembly, and the pressure of the pressure-bearing cavity is greater than the pressure of the buffer cavity 323, so that the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 are pushed to move relatively hydraulically, the balance cavity 41 between the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 is relatively reduced, the spaces at two side positions are relatively increased, and the material pressure in the cylinder 1 is transferred into the balance cavity 41 to maintain the relatively stable material pressure at the feed end and the discharge end; when the hydraulic pressure is further increased, the amplitude of the movement of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 pushed by the hydraulic pressure is further increased until the length of the sealing sleeve 328 is exceeded, at this time, the sealing sleeve 328 cannot cover the second pressure-stabilizing oil hole 326, the second pressure-stabilizing oil hole 326 is in an open state, the pressure-receiving cavity and the buffer cavity 323 are in a communicated state, so that the oil pressure in the pressure receiving cavity and the buffer cavity 323 is rapidly balanced, after the balance, the pressure of the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 to the balance cavity 41 is reduced, then the pressure in the balance cavity 41 and the tension of the pressure stabilizing spring 3210 push the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 to slide in the opposite direction until the sealing sleeve 328 seals the second pressure stabilizing oil hole 326, then generates circular motion along with the increase of oil pressure, and controls and reduces the material entering from the feeding end in the reciprocating motion process, the discharge end still outputs materials continuously, and the pressure of the materials in the cylinder body 1 can tend to be balanced and stable; because the oil pressure in the balance cavity 41 is increased, the balance cavity 41 can bear higher pressure, and the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 on the two sides are maintained in a relatively stable state;

when the material pressure in the barrel 1 is insufficient or the pressure in the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 needs to be relieved, the pressure of the oil duct 25 and the pressure receiving cavity is reduced through an external hydraulic control assembly, because the pressure of the pressure receiving cavity is smaller than the pressure of the buffer cavity 323, the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 cannot bear the pressure of the balance cavity 41, the material pressure in the balance cavity 41 is matched with the oil pressure in the buffer cavity 323 to push the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 to move in the direction away from each other, so that the space in the balance cavity 41 is increased, the other spaces except the balance cavity 41 in the barrel 1 are opposite, the material pressure in the balance cavity 41 is reduced to supplement the other positions in the barrel 1, and the material pressure at the feeding end and the discharging end is kept relatively stable;

when the hydraulic pressure is further reduced, the amplitude of the movement of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 pushed by the hydraulic pressure is further increased until the hydraulic pressure exceeds the length of the sealing sleeve 328, at this time, the sealing sleeve 328 cannot cover the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II 326, the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II 326 is in an open state, and the pressure-receiving cavity and the buffer cavity 323 are in a communicated state, so that the oil pressure in the pressure-receiving cavity and the buffer cavity 323 is rapidly balanced, after the balance, the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 is pushed towards the balance cavity 41 due to the higher material pressure on the two sides of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3, the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 is reduced towards the sliding balance cavity 41 until the sealing sleeve 328 closes the pressure-stabilizing oil hole II 326, and then the circular motion is generated along with the reduction of the oil pressure, and in the reciprocating motion process, the screw 2 can push and loosen the material due to the continuous rotation, the material can be conveyed from the feed end to the inside of, and is stable; due to the reduction of the oil pressure inside the balance cavity 41, the pressure which can be borne by the balance cavity 41 is relatively reduced, and the pressure adjustment on the two sides is more sensitive.

Example three:

the embodiment discloses a pressure stabilizing mechanism, on the basis of embodiment two, in order to further increase the effect of pressure fit, further direction and restriction are carried out to the axial activity of steady voltage sliding sleeve 3. A sliding guide ring groove 34 is further formed in the inner wall of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3, a sliding guide mechanism is arranged between the inner wall of the sliding guide ring groove 34 and the outer wall of the screw rod 2 at the corresponding position, and the sliding guide mechanism can limit the axial and radial movement of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 and the screw rod 2 and guide when the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 moves axially; a third sealing element 343 is arranged between the two ends of the sliding guide sleeve and the screw rod 2, and the space of the sliding guide ring groove 34 is sealed through the third sealing element 343, so that the space inside the sliding guide ring groove 34 can be kept sealed in the sliding process of the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3, hydraulic oil and materials are prevented from extending into the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3, and the movement stability of the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 is improved;

in order to increase the adjustment and control of the buffer cavity 323 in the movement process of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3, the sliding guide mechanism in the sliding guide ring groove 34 is set to be in a spiral structure, a thread groove 341 is formed on the inner wall of the sliding guide ring groove 34, a thread protrusion 342 is formed on the outer wall of the screw rod 2 at the corresponding position, the thread groove 341 and the thread protrusion 342 are matched with each other to form a spiral matching structure, the spiral sliding sleeve 3 can rotate spirally in the axial movement process, the spiral blade 20 outside the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 can further drive materials to move in the rotation process, the material pressures in the balance cavity 41 and other positions in the barrel 1 are adjusted, and the adjustment threshold value is increased;

the thread grooves 341 in the two pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 have opposite rotation directions, and the thread protrusions 342 adapted to the thread grooves are adapted to the thread grooves 341, wherein the thread grooves 341 in the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 close to the discharge end have the same rotation direction as the spiral blades 20, and the thread grooves 341 in the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 close to the feed end have opposite rotation directions; under the static state of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3, the pressure 322 in the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 and the oil pressure in the buffer cavity 323 are matched with the thread structure, so that the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 keeps rotating synchronously with the screw rod 2. When the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 is pushed to move axially by hydraulic pressure, the screw thread between the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 close to one side of the discharge end and the screw rod 2 rotates, the rotating directions of the two rotating actions are opposite to those of the screw rod 2, the rotating speeds of the helical blades 20 at other positions of the screw rod 2 opposite to the helical blades 20 on the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 slightly decrease, and after the short displacement action is finished, the helical blades 20 on the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 run synchronously with the screw rod 2, so that the material pushing speed of the position-dependent accessory decreases, and the discharge end is more gentle in the whole adjusting process;

screw thread rotation between steady voltage sliding sleeve 3 and the screw rod 2 that is close to feed end one side, and the relative screw rod 2 of direction of rotation is the same, the rotation action of two directions superposes each other, the helical blade 20 rotational speed of the relative screw rod 2 other positions of helical blade 20 on this steady voltage sliding sleeve 3 rises slightly, then take after the short-lived displacement action, helical blade 20 on this steady voltage sliding sleeve 3 again with screw rod 2 synchronous operation, make the material that leans on the position annex promote speed and promote, make whole accommodation process more high-efficient in feed end one side, mutually support with the regulating action of the steady voltage sliding sleeve 3 of opposite side, can balance the transfer of 1 inside material pressure of barrel better, promote the transportation of material and the stationarity of extruding.

The thread pitches of the thread grooves 341 in the two pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 can be set to be different, and the thread pitch of the thread groove 341 of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 close to one side of the discharge end is smaller, so that the rotating angle of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 at the side is larger when the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 moves the same distance, the friction between threads is also larger, and in the hydraulic pushing process, the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 at the side can keep lower-speed and stable spiral motion, the adjusting time is prolonged, and the adjusting stability is increased; in the experimental test and simulation deduction processes, the difference between the thread pitches of the inner thread grooves 341 of the two pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeves 3 is not too large, and is preferably controlled to be 1:1.1-1.3, so that the stability adjusting effect can be obtained, and the adjusting efficiency is not influenced.

Example four

The embodiment discloses a pressure stabilizing mechanism, which further optimizes the balance effect of pressure adjustment on the basis of the second embodiment or the third embodiment, and a stirring mechanism is arranged at the position of a balance cavity 41 between two pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves 3; the stirring mechanism is driven by the screw rod 2 to rotate, and can stir the materials in the balance cavity 41, so that the material parts can be more uniform, the pressure difference generated by the difference of uniformity among different material components is avoided, and the materials in the balance cavity 41 can more stably buffer the pressure difference in the cylinder body 1; the stirring mechanism is set to be a detachable structure, adopts different types according to different use scenes, and can adopt a plurality of groups of stirring rods 42 which are distributed in a circular array or spiral stirring blades. If the stirring rod 42 is adopted, the materials in the stirring rod can be stirred more fully, the stirring efficiency is higher, when the materials pass through the balance cavity 41, the materials on one side of the feeding end are pushed by the pressure to move, the outflow speed of the materials is relatively lower, the balance is better, and the stirring rod is suitable for being used in a parameter environment with relatively high precision requirement; and when adopting spiral helicine stirring vane, the pitch of the relative helical blade 20 on the screw rod 2 of this stirring vane's camber is littleer, can have certain impetus to the material when rotating, but speed is lower relatively, also can rotate the stirring simultaneously, and the efficiency that the material was carried promotes to some extent relatively, is applicable to the not high environment of required precision and uses.

The balance cavity 41 is also internally provided with two baffles which are respectively arranged at the two sides of the stirring mechanism, specifically a movable baffle 31 and a fixed baffle 4, the balance cavity 41 is divided into three parts, and a first material hole 311 and a second material hole 45 are respectively arranged on the movable baffle 31 and the fixed baffle 4 for materials to pass through.

Fixed stop 4 then and screw rod 2 between the reciprocal anchorage, but adjustable stop 31 screw rod 2 activity relatively, adjustable stop 31 and the 3 fixed connection of steady voltage sliding sleeve that is close to feed end one side, can follow the steady voltage sliding sleeve 3 of this side and move about, form slick and sly circular arc transition structure at hookup location, and with material hole 311 the same with the transition part, avoid appearing the accumulational condition of material in the corner, add sealing member 312 at the hookup location of 3 holes of steady voltage sliding sleeve, increase leakproofness and stability between steady voltage sliding sleeve 3 and the screw rod 2.

The balance cavity 41 is divided into two parts by the fixed baffle 4 and the movable baffle 31, the pressure in the balance cavity 41 is rebalanced at different cavity positions, and as materials are temporarily stored between the two baffles, larger material pressure can be reserved between the two baffles, and the threshold value of material pressure cache is increased; because the movable baffle 31 can move along with the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 on one side, in the moving process, materials can only pass through the material hole one 311 on the movable baffle 31, the propelling effect of the movable baffle 31 on the materials can be increased, and the adjusting effect and efficiency of the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 on one side close to the feeding end on the pressure of the materials are increased; the fixed baffle 4 is fixed relative to the screw rod 2, does not move along with the screw rod 2 in the axial direction in the adjusting process, can generate a more stable blocking effect on the outflow of the materials in the balance cavity 41, can relatively reduce the outflow speed of the materials when the pressure in the middle of the balance cavity 41 is higher in time, improves the material inlet and outlet in the adjusting process, particularly controls the flow rate of the materials at the discharge end, and has more adjusting and stabilizing effects; and when the steady voltage sliding sleeve 3 that is close to the discharge end moves towards the discharge end direction, the space grow between fixed stop 4 and this steady voltage sliding sleeve 3, and the material pressure of this position diminishes, and the pressure differential grow in the middle of 41 balanced chambeies. The material can be with higher speed through supplementing in the middle of material hole two 45, the material pressure between two steady voltage sliding sleeves 3 of equilibrium to the material pressure of other positions is cushioned more steadily.

The fixed baffle 4 can be fixed in a sleeve, the screw 2 penetrates through a shaft hole at the middle position of the fixed baffle 4, an axial rotating structure is formed, an annular oil cavity 48 is formed inside the shaft hole of the fixed baffle 4, a sealing member IV 47 is arranged on a ladder at two ends of the fixed baffle 4 through a fixing sleeve 46 with a thread structure, the oil cavity 48 can be sealed under the condition that the normal rotation of the screw 2 is not influenced, the hydraulic pipe 410 is communicated with the oil cavity 48 from the barrel 1, a main oil hole 49 is formed at the position of the screw 2 corresponding to the oil cavity 48, the main oil hole 49 is communicated with the oil channel 25 in the screw 2, so that an external hydraulic control component can adjust the oil pressure in the oil channel 25, the oil supply path is shorter relative to the oil supply mode at the end part of the screw 2, and the adjustment and the control of the oil pressure are more efficient.

EXAMPLE five

The present embodiment discloses another extruder, which is shown in fig. 1-7 and is based on the above embodiments, and the discharge mechanism of the plastic base machine is optimized. Install ejection of compact aircraft nose 5 on the discharge end of barrel 1 of this extruder, also the cladding has heating device 12 in the outside of this ejection of compact aircraft nose 5, can go out the aircraft nose and be about to the material of basis and keep the good plasticity of material. The screw rod 2 extends into the discharging mechanism, and a proper mould can be connected to the discharging machine head 5 for production according to production requirements.

A tapered surface 52 which is gradually reduced is arranged at the connecting position of the inner hole of the machine head and the inner cavity of the barrel body 1 to form tapered transition, so that the material passage is reduced, and the material is extruded from the machine head; a flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 is arranged in the conical space, the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 is sleeved on the screw rod 2, and a guide groove and a convex structure can be arranged at the connecting position, so that the flow-limiting sleeve-changing sliding sleeve can axially slide relative to the screw rod 2;

the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 is of a structure with two conical ends and a cylindrical middle part, the taper of the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 close to one side of the conical surface 52 is consistent with that of the conical surface 52, the flow-limiting sliding sleeve can be attached to or separated from the conical surface 52 in the moving process, and the size of a material outflow gap is adjusted through a gap between the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and the conical surface 52; and still seted up a plurality of breachs 53 on conical surface 52, breach 53 sets up along conical surface 52's generating line direction, and length exceeds the length of the upper conical structure of current-limiting sliding sleeve 51, can still be in opening at breach 53 position when current-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and conical surface 52 are laminated completely, forms certain clearance between current-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and conical surface 52 to carry out the pressure release, avoid totally closing and lead to the unable outflow of material, the too big condition of pressure accumulation.

The movement of the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 on the screw rod 2 is controlled through hydraulic pressure, a ring groove is arranged on the screw rod 2 corresponding to the outer part of the inner wall of the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51, a flow-limiting main cavity 54 is formed between the ring groove and the inner wall of the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51, a sealing element five 513 is arranged at the two ends of the flow-limiting main cavity 54, and the sealing element five 513 is used for sealing between the screw rod 2 and the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51; two annular piston plates, namely a first flow-limiting piston plate 55 and a second flow-limiting piston plate 56 are arranged in the flow-limiting main cavity 54, the two piston plates are of annular structures, wherein the second flow-limiting piston plate 56 is close to one side of the discharge end, the periphery of the first flow-limiting piston plate 55 is fixedly connected and sealed with the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51, the inner periphery of the first flow-limiting piston plate is pressed and sealed with the screw rod 2, the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the second flow-limiting piston plate 56 are pressed and sealed with the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and the screw rod 2 respectively, the two flow-limiting piston plates divide the flow-limiting main cavity 54 into three cavities, so that the discharge end at the feed end is always provided with a first flow-limiting cavity 57, a second flow-limiting cavity 58 and a third flow-limiting cavity 59 in sequence;

wherein, a first current-limiting spring 510 is arranged in the first current-limiting cavity 57 and is connected between the first current-limiting piston plate 55 and the end surface of the first current-limiting cavity 57, a second current-limiting spring 511 is arranged in the third current-limiting cavity 59, and is connected between the end surfaces of the second flow-limiting piston plate 56 and the third flow-limiting cavity 59, the two springs respectively generate axial elasticity for the first flow-limiting piston plate 55 and the second flow-limiting piston plate 56, a second flow-limiting oil hole 512 is formed in the screw rod 2 at a position corresponding to the second flow-limiting cavity 58, the second flow-limiting cavity 58 is communicated with the oil passage 25 in the screw rod 2, the thrust of the first current-limiting spring 510 and the second current-limiting spring 511 at two sides is resisted by the oil pressure in the second current-limiting cavity 58, the axial movement of the current-limiting sliding sleeve 51 is adjusted by the hydraulic pressure in the current-limiting cavity, the oil pressure is adjusted by an external hydraulic control component, the hydraulic control system and the oil passage 25 can share the hydraulic control system and the oil passage 25 of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve 3 and can be mutually independent.

In order to increase the material transferring effect of the area space near the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51, the helical blade 20 can be arranged outside the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 under the condition of ensuring no interference of movement, and the specific size structure of the helical blade 20 is not limited.

In the adjusting process, under the combined action of the hydraulic pressure in the second flow limiting cavity 58, the first flow limiting spring 510, the second flow limiting spring 511 and the pressure of the materials, the flow limiting sliding sleeve 51 is kept relatively stable, a certain gap exists between the flow limiting sliding sleeve and the conical surface 52, material flows can normally flow out of the gap under the transportation of the screw 2 and the helical blade 20, and the size of the gap is specifically adjusted according to parameters required by material flow production.

When the material pressure in the cylinder 1 fluctuates, the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 can automatically adjust under the elastic action of the first flow-limiting spring 510 and the second flow-limiting spring 511; when the pressure in the cylinder 1 is reduced, the axial thrust to the material on the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 is relatively reduced, the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 generates a certain axial movement under the elastic action of the first flow-limiting spring 510 and the second flow-limiting spring 511, the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 moves away from the conical surface 52, the size of the gap between the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and the conical surface 52 is properly increased, and the discharge amount can be maintained in a low-pressure material environment; on the contrary, when the pressure in the cylinder 1 increases, the axial thrust of the material to the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 increases, and then the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 can drive the flow-limiting spring i 510 and the flow-limiting spring ii 511 in a small amount under the pressure pushing of the material to generate the movement towards the conical surface 52, so that the size of the gap between the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and the conical surface 52 is properly reduced, the discharge amount of the material can be reduced under the environment of the high-pressure material, and the discharge amount is reduced along with the increase of the material pressure until the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 is abutted against the conical surface 52, the discharge is performed from the position of the notch 53, and the outflow of the material is maintained to be relatively.

In the adjustment process, the oil mass oil pressure in the current-limiting cavity is actively adjusted through the hydraulic control device to control the movement of the current-limiting sliding sleeve 51, so that the discharge gap between the current-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and the conical surface 52 is controlled and adjusted, the preset value of the discharge gap is adjusted, and the quantity of discharged materials is actively controlled.

When the oil pressure is larger, the first flow limiting piston plate 55 and the second flow limiting piston plate 56 are pushed by hydraulic pressure to move towards two sides, the second flow limiting cavity 58 in the middle is expanded, the first flow limiting cavity 57 and the third flow limiting cavity 59 on two sides are contracted, the flow limiting sliding sleeve 51 integrally moves towards the direction far away from the conical surface 52, the discharge gap between the flow limiting sliding sleeve 51 and the conical surface 52 is increased, and the outflow of materials can also be increased; and along with the fluctuation of the material pressure, the acting force of the first flow-limiting spring 510 and the second flow-limiting spring 511 is still changed, and automatic micro-adjustment can still be carried out, so that the discharging stability of the material is further kept.

When the oil pressure is smaller, the first spring flow-limiting piston plates 55 and the second flow-limiting piston plates 56 on the two sides move oppositely, the second flow-limiting cavity 58 in the middle is reduced, the first flow-limiting cavities 57 and the third flow-limiting cavities 59 on the two sides are increased, the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 is in the middle position, and the distance between the first flow-limiting piston plates 55 and the second flow-limiting piston plates 56 is closer, so that the first flow-limiting piston plates 55 and the second flow-limiting piston plates 56 have larger adjusting distances in two axial directions, and under the change of the material pressure, a larger axial movement threshold value can be formed between the flow-limiting sliding sleeve 51 and the conical surface 52, so that the stability of automatic gap adjustment generated by the material pressure fluctuation.

EXAMPLE six

In the present embodiment, another extruder is disclosed, and based on the fifth embodiment, referring to fig. 8, the stability of the screw 2 of the basic mechanism is further optimized, and a bearing device 6 is installed in the direction of the feeding end of the barrel 1 to rotatably support the screw 2 to maintain the high stability of the screw 2 in the axial direction and the radial direction.

The supporting device 6 mainly comprises four bearing assemblies, specifically two thrust bearings 62 and two deep groove ball bearings 64; the limit nut 63 fixed on the screw rod 2 is in supporting fit with the inside of the supporting cavity 61 of the supporting device, the two thrust bearings 62 and the limit nut 63 are limited, the limit nut 63 is positioned between the two thrust bearings 62, the screw rod 2 can be axially limited, axial bidirectional load is transmitted to the thrust bearings 62 through the limit nut 63 to be borne, and the two deep groove ball bearings 64 are installed at the stepped positions of the bearing block of the supporting device and the screw rod 2 to stably support the rotation of the screw rod 2 and bear the radial load on the screw rod 2; the thrust bearing 62 and the deep groove ball bearing 64 are matched to respectively bear axial and radial bidirectional loads, so that the movement in each direction is supported to a large extent, the stability of the screw rod 2 can be kept, each component on the screw rod 2 can be ensured to be used in normal operation, and the operation accuracy of the equipment is improved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a pressure stabilizing mechanism, its characterized in that, including cup jointing two steady voltage sliding sleeves (3) in the screw rod (2) outside of extruder, steady voltage sliding sleeve is the taper structure that cylindric both ends of centre dwindle gradually, the linkage of screw rod (2) axial activity circumference is moved relatively to the steady voltage sliding sleeve, forms balanced chamber (41) with adjustable size between two steady voltage sliding sleeves (3).

2. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a hydraulic control assembly, including steady voltage sliding sleeve (3), steady voltage main cavity (32) that are used for depositing hydraulic oil are formed between the inner wall of steady voltage sliding sleeve (3) is inwards sunken and screw rod (2), the inside of steady voltage main cavity (32) is provided with steady voltage piston plate (320), separate steady voltage main cavity (32) for along screw rod (2) axial distribution's pressurized cavity and cushion chamber (323) in steady voltage piston plate (320), two cushion chamber (323) are located the position between two pressurized cavities, pressurized cavity and cushion chamber (323) all communicate with external hydraulic control assembly.

3. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein: an oil duct (25) connected with the hydraulic control assembly is arranged in the screw rod (2), and a pressure stabilizing oil hole I (324) and a pressure stabilizing oil hole II (326) communicated with the oil duct (25) are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the pressure bearing cavity and the buffer cavity (323), of the screw rod (2).

4. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the inside of cushion chamber (323) sets up seal cover (328) that is used for sealing steady voltage oilhole two (326), and seal cover (328) is the rubber sleeve of cup jointing on screw rod (2), and the outside and the inner wall fixed connection of steady voltage main cavity (32) of seal cover (328) to be connected with steady voltage piston plate (320) through steady voltage spring (3210).

5. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve (3) is provided with a sliding ring guide groove (34), the inner wall of the sliding ring guide groove (34) is provided with a thread groove (341), the outer wall of the screw rod (2) at the corresponding position is provided with a thread bulge (342), and the thread groove (341) and the thread bulge (342) are mutually matched to form a spiral matching structure.

6. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the screw thread grooves (341) in the guide sliding ring grooves (34) of the two pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves (3) are opposite in rotation direction, the screw thread grooves (341) in the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves (3) close to one side of the discharge end are consistent with the rotation direction of the spiral blades (20), and the screw thread grooves (341) in the pressure stabilizing sliding sleeves (3) close to the feed end are opposite.

7. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the thread pitch of the thread groove (341) in the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve (3) close to one side of the discharge end is smaller than the thread pitch of the thread groove (341) in the pressure-stabilizing sliding sleeve (3) close to one side of the feed end.

8. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the balance cavity (41) is internally provided with a stirring mechanism linked with the screw rod (2), and the stirring mechanism is a spiral stirring blade connected to the screw rod (2) or a plurality of stirring rods (42) connected to the outside of the screw rod (2).

9. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: set up adjustable fender (31) and fixed stop (4) in balanced chamber (41), set up material hole one (311) and material hole two (45) that supply the material to pass through on adjustable fender (31) and fixed stop (4) respectively, but adjustable fender (31) and steady voltage sliding sleeve (3) fixed connection near feed end one side are relative screw rod (2) activity, and fixed stop (4) then and screw rod (2) fixed connection.

10. A pressure stabilisation mechanism as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the utility model discloses a screw rod, including fixed baffle (4), screw rod (2), annular oil pocket (48), seal piece four (47) and screw rod (2) outer wall are sealed through sealing member to the shaft hole inboard of fixed baffle (4), the fixed baffle (4) are fixed in the sleeve inner wall, the shaft hole of fixed baffle (4) is passed in screw rod (2), but screw rod (2) and fixed baffle (4) formation axial pivoted structure relatively, annular oil pocket (48) are seted up to the shaft hole inboard of fixed baffle (4), the both ends position of oil pocket (48) is passed through four (47) of sealing member and is sealed with screw rod (2), oil pocket (48) are through hydraulic pressure pipe (410) and hydraulic control subassembly intercommunication, screw rod (2.