CN112496776B

CN112496776B - Full-direct-drive five-axis machining tool

Info

Publication number: CN112496776B
Application number: CN202011323918.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毛宽民; 邱悦; 周磊
Original assignee: Hubei Huanyee Electromagnetic Equipment Engineering Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Huanyee Electromagnetic Equipment Engineering Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-23
Filing date: 2020-11-23
Publication date: 2022-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-23
Also published as: CN112496776A

Abstract

A full direct-drive five-axis machining tool belongs to the field of machine tool design and comprises a foundation bed, an AC (alternating current) axis composite turntable, an X axis transmission mechanism, a Y axis transmission mechanism and a Z axis transmission mechanism, wherein the AC axis composite turntable is arranged on the X axis transmission mechanism, and the Y axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the Z axis transmission mechanism; the X-axis transmission mechanism is characterized by also comprising a clamping mechanism and an exchange mechanism which can move on the base bed, wherein the moving direction of the clamping mechanism is parallel to the transmission direction of the X-axis transmission mechanism; the exchange mechanism is arranged between the clamping mechanism and the X-axis transmission mechanism, and the moving direction of the exchange mechanism is vertical to that of the clamping mechanism; the exchange mechanism is used for transferring the clamped workpiece in the clamping mechanism to the AC shaft composite rotary table and simultaneously transferring the parts which are processed on the AC shaft composite rotary table to the clamping mechanism; the clamping mechanism and the exchanging mechanism are additionally arranged on the machine tool, so that the separation of the clamping area and the machining area is realized, the machining and the exchanging of the impeller workpiece are not influenced mutually, and the machining efficiency of the machine tool on the impeller workpiece is improved.

Description

Full-direct-drive five-axis machining tool

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of machine tool design, and particularly relates to a full-direct-drive five-axis machining tool.

Background

The five-axis numerical control machine tool has the advantages of high automation degree, high machining precision, good flexibility and the like, is widely applied to modern manufacturing industry at present, and is rapidly developed, particularly for the cradle type AC rotary table five-axis machine tool, a cradle type AC rotary table five-axis machining center is generally applied to machining of an impeller workpiece, the impeller workpiece is fixed on a rotary table C, and can rotate through the rotary table C to rotate through an angle C and swing through the rotary table A to swing through an angle A. The two rotating shafts are perpendicularly intersected, and zero point deviation of the two rotating shafts and deviation values of rotation centers of the two rotating shafts in two directions of the space Y, Z play a vital role in five-axis linkage machining.

However, the existing machine tool is designed in a design mode that a machining area and a clamping area are in the same position, namely, the impeller workpiece is dismounted and machined on a rotary worktable C, so that when the workpiece needs to be replaced, the machine tool is usually stopped to check the quality of the impeller workpiece, and the machined impeller workpiece is directly dismounted and replaced by another blank impeller if the real quality is qualified; if the defects exist, further optimization machining is needed to be continued until the defects meet the requirements, and then the defects are replaced; although the operation mode can effectively ensure the processing quality of the impeller workpiece, the processing efficiency is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a new scheme, and the purpose of separating the clamping area from the processing area is realized by additionally arranging a clamping mechanism and an exchange mechanism on a machine tool.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a full-direct-drive five-axis machining tool comprises a foundation bed, an AC (alternating current) axis composite turntable, an X-axis transmission mechanism, a Y-axis transmission mechanism and a Z-axis transmission mechanism, wherein the AC axis composite turntable is arranged on the X-axis transmission mechanism, and the Y-axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis transmission mechanism; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the X-axis transmission mechanism is used for transmitting X-axis power to the base bed, and the X-axis transmission mechanism is used for transmitting X-axis power to the base bed;

the exchange mechanism is arranged between the clamping mechanism and the X-axis transmission mechanism, and the moving direction of the exchange mechanism is vertical to that of the clamping mechanism; the exchange mechanism is used for transferring the workpieces clamped in the clamping mechanism to the AC shaft composite rotary table and transferring parts processed on the AC shaft composite rotary table to the clamping mechanism, so that the clamping area and the processing area are separated.

Further, the AC shaft composite turntable comprises an A shaft module fixed on the X shaft transmission mechanism and a C shaft module arranged on the A shaft module, and the C shaft module and the clamping mechanism are both fixed with a master disc structural member; each master disc structural member is detachably provided with a sub disc structural member; and the exchange mechanism clamps, places and installs the sub-disc structural members on the clamping mechanism on the master disc structural member on the C-axis module.

Furthermore, the exchange mechanism comprises an upright column and a rotary exchange piece, the upright column is movably arranged on the base bed, the rotary exchange piece is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the upright column, two ends of the rotary exchange piece are respectively provided with bayonets, and the bayonets are of crescent structures; the sub-disc structure is provided with a clamping shaft matched with the bayonet, and the bayonet is matched with the clamping shaft in a clamping manner to clamp the sub-disc structure.

Further, the secondary disc structural member further comprises a platform part and an inserting part, the platform part is used for fixing a workpiece to be processed, and the inserting part is used for being clamped with the primary disc structural member; the clamping shaft is coaxially arranged with the inserting part and the platform part and is positioned between the inserting part and the platform part, and the outer circle diameter of the clamping shaft is smaller than that of the inserting part and the platform part.

Further, the mother disc structural member comprises a fixing portion and a clamping portion, the clamping portion is fixed on the fixing portion and corresponds to the inserting portion, and the inserting portion and the clamping portion are connected in an inserting and clamping mode to achieve detachable connection of the sub disc structural member and the mother disc structural member.

Furthermore, the insertion part is a cylindrical boss, a polygonal concave cavity is formed in the center of the boss, and a buckle interface is arranged on at least one inner wall in the polygonal concave cavity;

the clamping part comprises a polygonal ring body matched with the polygonal concave cavity structure, and a piston shaft, a guide disc and a clamping cam which are arranged in the polygonal ring body;

the piston shaft is arranged at the center of the polygonal ring body and can move in a telescopic mode;

the number of the guide discs is two, and the two guide discs are sleeved on the piston shaft at intervals;

the clamping cams correspond to the buckling ports in one-to-one mode in position and comprise tail ends, tip ends and flanges, the flanges are fixed on the tail ends, the tail ends of the clamping cams are hinged to the side walls of the polygonal ring bodies, and the tip ends of the clamping cams are located between the two guide discs;

when the polygonal ring body is matched with the polygonal concave cavity in an inserting mode, the piston shaft stretches and retracts to drive the guide disc to move, so that the guide disc is abutted to the tip end of the clamping cam to achieve rotation of the tail end of the clamping cam, and the flange is clamped into the fastening port to achieve matching of the inserting portion and the clamping portion due to rotation of the tail end of the clamping cam.

Furthermore, at least one plug pin column is arranged in the polygonal cavity, a guide hole corresponding to the plug pin column is formed in the polygonal ring body, and the plug pin column is matched with the guide hole to achieve guiding insertion of the clamping portion and the insertion portion.

Furthermore, the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping table and a bearing plate, the clamping table is movably arranged on the base bed, and the bearing plate is arranged on the clamping table and used for fixing the master disc structural member.

Further, be equipped with an inclined plane that is 45 jiaos on the clamping platform, the loading board comprises bottom plate and swash plate, the bottom plate sets up on the inclined plane and can rotate on the inclined plane, the swash plate slope is fixed on the bottom plate and with the bottom plate is 45 jiaos, the mother disc structure spare is fixed on the swash plate, the bottom plate drives the swash plate rotates, makes the axis perpendicular to horizontal plane or the parallel horizontal plane of mother disc structure spare.

Furthermore, the compensation device also comprises a compensation telescopic mechanism, wherein the compensation telescopic mechanism is fixed on the base bed and positioned below the Y-axis transmission mechanism, and the telescopic direction of the compensation telescopic mechanism is the same as the movement direction of the Z-axis transmission mechanism and is used for supporting the compensation Y-axis transmission mechanism.

The beneficial effect that adopts this technical scheme to reach does:

1. the clamping area and the processing area are separated by additionally arranging the clamping mechanism and the exchanging mechanism on the machine tool, so that the processing and the clamping and exchanging of the impeller workpiece are not influenced mutually, and the processing efficiency of the machine tool on the impeller workpiece is improved.

2. The full-direct-drive technology is adopted for driving the machine tool, and compared with a traditional mode that a motor is matched with a transmission structure, the full-direct-drive mechanism is adopted, so that the whole machining precision of the machine tool is improved.

3. The impeller workpiece changing device has the advantages that the impeller workpiece changing device is realized through the arrangement of the separable sub-disc structural member and the master disc structural member, meanwhile, the sub-disc structural member and the master disc structural member are installed in a fast-assembling clamping mode, and great promotion effect is achieved on the consistency of the changing precision of the impeller workpiece.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall structure diagram of an all-direct-drive five-axis machining tool.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an AC axis compound turntable.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the exchange mechanism.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the clamping mechanism in the detection reloading state.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the workpiece fixing block.

Fig. 6 is an orthographic plan view of the workpiece fixing block.

Fig. 7 is a state diagram of the exchange mechanism for achieving the exchange of workpieces.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the clamping mechanism in a state of being exchanged.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a sub-disc structure.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of a master structure.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the workpiece fixing block, showing the fitting state of the inner subplate structural member and the master disc structural member.

Fig. 12 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 11, showing a fastening principle of the locking cam and the fastening interface.

Wherein: the device comprises an 11X carrier plate, a 21A shaft module, a 22C shaft module, a 31 sliding groove seat, a 32 spindle box, a 33 chuck, a 41 supporting seat, a 42 sliding table, a 43 auxiliary support, a 44 compensation telescopic mechanism, a 50 workpiece fixing block, a 51 mother disc structural member, a 52 son disc structural member, a 61 upright post, a 62 rotation conversion member, a 63 bayonet, a 71 clamping table, a 72 bearing plate, a 100 base bed, a 211 first shell, a 212 rotating disc, a 221 second shell, a 511 fixing part, a 512 clamping part, a 512-1 polygonal ring body, a 512-2 piston shaft, a 512-3 guide disc, a 512-4 clamping cam, a 512-5 guide hole, a 521 platform part, a 522 clamping shaft, a 523 insertion part, a 721-1 polygonal cavity, a 523-2 fastening interface, a 523-3 insertion pin column, a 711 inclined plane, a bottom plate and an inclined plate 722.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The embodiment provides a full-direct-drive five-axis machining tool which comprises a foundation bed 100, an AC (alternating current) axis composite turntable, an X-axis transmission mechanism, a Y-axis transmission mechanism and a Z-axis transmission mechanism, wherein the full-direct drive described herein specifically means that driving parts in the X-axis transmission mechanism, the Y-axis transmission mechanism and the Z-axis transmission mechanism are driven by linear motors, and the machining movement of an impeller and the movement of a cutter shaft are more stable and accurate by utilizing a linear motor driving mode, so that the machining precision of the impeller is ensured; certainly, the AC axis compound turntable is driven by a torque motor, that is, the a axis module 21 and the C axis module 22 in the AC axis compound turntable are driven by their respective torque motors, so as to realize the rotation of the a axis module and the C axis module.

Referring to fig. 1, an X-axis transmission mechanism is fixedly disposed on a bed 100, and specifically, the X-axis transmission mechanism includes an X guide rail fixed on the bed 100, an X carrier plate 11 slidably disposed on the X guide rail, and an X linear motor fixedly connected to the X carrier plate 11, and the X linear motor drives the X carrier plate 11 to move horizontally and linearly on the X guide rail, so as to implement the back-and-forth movement of the X carrier plate 11 along the X direction.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the AC axis composite turntable is fixed on the X-carrier plate 11, that is, the linear motion of the X-carrier plate 11 will bring the AC axis composite turntable into synchronous linear motion; the AC shaft composite turntable comprises an A shaft module 21 and a C shaft module 22, wherein the A shaft module 21 is directly fixed with the X carrier plate 11, and the C shaft module 22 is fixed on the A shaft module 21.

Specifically, the a-axis module 21 includes a first housing 211 fixed on the X-carrier 11, a first torque motor disposed inside the first housing 211, and a turntable 212 disposed on an upper end surface of the first housing 211, and an output shaft of the first torque motor is fixedly connected to the turntable 212, so that the turntable 212 can rotate around the vertical a-axis when the first torque motor outputs work.

Specifically, the C-axis module 22 includes a second housing 221, a second torque motor disposed inside the second housing 221, and a workpiece fixing block 50 fixed to an output end of the second torque motor, wherein a working output of the second torque motor will rotate the workpiece fixing block 50 around the C-axis; it should be noted that the C axis is perpendicular to the a axis; the second casing 221 is directly fixed on the turntable 212, and can carry the whole C-axis module 22 to rotate around the a-axis simultaneously when the turntable 212 rotates; it is understood that rotation of the turntable 212 may change the spatial position of the C-axis, ultimately achieving both rotation of the workpiece fixture block 50 about the a-axis and about the C-axis.

After the workpiece fixing block 50 is used for installing and fixing a workpiece (including an impeller blank or an impeller workpiece) and the impeller workpiece is installed on the workpiece fixing block 50, the cooperative matching mode among the X linear motor, the first torque motor and the second torque motor can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the position of the impeller workpiece can be changed and processed.

The Y-axis transmission mechanism and the Z-axis transmission mechanism are both fixedly arranged on one side of the foundation bed 100 and are matched with the X-axis transmission mechanism, so that the cutter shaft fixed on the Y-axis transmission mechanism can process the impeller workpiece.

Specifically, the Z-axis transmission mechanism includes a support base 41 vertically fixed on the bed 100, a sliding table 42 is disposed on the support base 41, and the sliding table 42 can slide up and down along the vertical support base 41 under the action of the Z linear motor.

The Y-axis transmission mechanism is provided on the slide table 42, so that the Y-axis transmission mechanism can move up and down in the vertical direction along the Z-axis under the action of the Z-linear motor.

Specifically, the Y-axis transmission mechanism includes a chute seat 31 and a main spindle box 32, the chute seat 31 is fixedly disposed on the sliding table 42, a chute is disposed in the chute seat 31, an extending direction of the chute is the same as a Y-axis direction, the main spindle box 32 is disposed on the chute and can slide on the chute under the action of a Y-linear motor, a chuck 33 for mounting a cutter shaft is disposed on the main spindle box 32, and the cutter shaft for machining is fixedly mounted on the chuck 33 and is opposite to the X-axis transmission mechanism.

Therefore, the cutter shaft can move along the Z axis and the Y axis, the impeller workpiece can move towards the position close to the cutter shaft along the X guide rail, the impeller workpiece can reach the position capable of being processed by the cutter shaft, and the impeller workpiece is processed by five-axis linkage at the moment.

Through the reasonable layout of the AC shaft composite turntable, the X shaft transmission mechanism, the Y shaft transmission mechanism and the Z shaft transmission mechanism, the impeller workpiece can be smoothly processed in a processing area, meanwhile, the X shaft transmission mechanism, the Y shaft transmission mechanism and the Z shaft transmission mechanism are provided with linear motors for driving, the A shaft module 21 and the C shaft module 22 are respectively driven by utilizing torque motors, so that the position precision of the impeller workpiece in the processing and moving process is ensured, and the quality of the impeller product in processing and forming is ensured.

In order to further ensure the stability of the spindle box 32 in the moving process and realize the movement compensation of the spindle box, in this embodiment, an auxiliary support 43 is further disposed on the base bed 100, the auxiliary support 43 has two parts and is respectively disposed at two ends of the sliding groove seat 31, a sliding rail is disposed on a surface opposite to the auxiliary support 43, sliding seats are disposed at two ends of the sliding groove seat 31, and the sliding seats are matched with the sliding rail to enable the sliding groove seat 31 to slide up and down in the Z-axis direction under the action of the auxiliary support 43.

Optionally, a compensation telescoping mechanism 44 is further disposed on the bed 100, and the compensation telescoping mechanism 44 is fixed on the bed 100 and located below the Y-axis transmission mechanism; specifically, the compensation telescopic mechanism 44 is specifically a piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is in abutting contact with the lower end face of the chute seat 31, the piston cylinder is used for being linked with the Z linear motor to support the Y-axis transmission mechanism, the support compensation effect of the piston cylinder is used for reducing the bearing load of the Z linear motor, and during specific work, the piston cylinder extends out to be in linkage fit with the Z linear motor to jointly guarantee the up-and-down motion of the Y-axis transmission mechanism in the Z-axis direction.

In order to further improve the processing efficiency of the whole five-axis machining bed and realize the separation of the impeller workpiece processing area and the clamping area, the other side of the base bed 100 is provided with a clamping mechanism and an exchange mechanism; the clamping mechanism is movably arranged on the base bed 100 and used for clamping a workpiece to be machined (the workpiece to be machined is an impeller blank), and the moving direction of the clamping mechanism is parallel to the transmission direction of the X-axis transmission mechanism; the exchange mechanism is arranged between the clamping mechanism and the X-axis transmission mechanism, is movable and has a moving direction perpendicular to that of the clamping mechanism; the exchange mechanism is used for transferring the clamped workpiece in the clamping mechanism to the C-axis module 22 of the AC-axis composite rotary table, and simultaneously transferring the impeller workpiece processed on the C-axis module to the clamping mechanism.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in particular, the exchanging mechanism includes a column 61 and a rotary exchanging element 62, the column 61 is movably disposed on the bed 100, and the moving direction is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the X-axis transmission mechanism (the arrow in the figure is the moving direction), the rotary exchanging element 62 is rotatably disposed at the upper end of the column 61, where the rotation is understood as that a rotary motor is fixedly disposed at the upper end of the column 61, the rotary exchanging element 62 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the rotary motor, and the rotation of the rotary motor will enable the rotary exchanging element 62 to rotate, and the rotating plane formed during the rotation of the rotary exchanging element 62 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; bayonets 63 are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotary exchange piece 62, and the bayonets 63 are in a crescent structure; the bayonet 63 is used here to achieve exchange between the impeller workpiece and the impeller blank.

Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in particular, the clamping mechanism includes a clamping table 71 and a bearing plate 72, the clamping table 71 is movably disposed on the bed 100, and the moving direction is parallel to the transmission direction of the X-axis transmission mechanism (the arrow direction in the figure is the moving direction), where the bearing plate 72 is used for bearing and fixing the workpiece to be processed.

In order to realize smooth transfer and exchange of the impeller workpieces between the clamping mechanism and the C-axis module 22, the workpiece fixing block 50 for clamping the impeller workpieces is further designed in the embodiment, and smooth transfer and exchange of the impeller workpieces is ensured through the design of the workpiece fixing block 50.

Referring to fig. 1, 5-6, in particular, the workpiece fixing block 50 includes a master disc structure 51 and a sub-disc structure 52 detachably mounted to the master disc structure 51, and the sub-disc structure 52 is provided with a clamping shaft 522 cooperating with the clamping opening 63.

Referring to fig. 1, 5-8, in specific use, firstly, the master disc structural member 51 is fixedly mounted on the bearing plate 72 and the C-axis module 22, then the unprocessed impeller blank is mounted on the sub-disc structural member 52, and the sub-disc structural member 52 is mounted in cooperation with the master disc structural member 51 on the bearing plate 72; after the assembly is completed, the exchange mechanism is started, the bayonet 63 on the rotary exchange member 62 is used for clamping the clamping shaft 522 on the sub-disc structure 52, and the rotation of the rotary exchange member 62 and the movement of the upright post 61 are mutually matched, so that the sub-disc structure 52 with the impeller blank can be taken down from the master disc structure 51 on the bearing plate 72 and then is installed on the master disc structure 51 on the C-axis module 22.

Similarly, when the impeller workpiece is machined, the rotary exchange piece 62 starts to work, the bayonet sockets 63 at the two ends are sequentially and respectively clamped and taken down to the sub-disc structural piece 52 on the clamping mechanism and the sub-disc structural piece 52 on the C-axis module, then the rotary exchange piece 62 rotates to realize the exchange of the two sub-disc structural pieces 52, so that the machined impeller workpiece is installed on the clamping mechanism, and the unmachined impeller blank is installed on the C-axis module; at this time, the impeller blank on the C-axis module 22 will continue to be processed, and the impeller workpiece on the clamping mechanism will be subjected to measurement and detection to determine whether the workpiece is qualified, and after the detection is completed, another impeller blank is mounted to perform the next cycle.

The clamping area is separated from the machining area by additionally arranging the clamping mechanism and the exchanging mechanism on the machine tool, so that the machining of the impeller workpiece and the clamping and exchanging of the impeller workpiece are not influenced mutually, and the machining efficiency of the machine tool on the impeller workpiece is improved; meanwhile, the detachable master disc structural member 51 and the detachable sub-disc structural member 52 are arranged to realize the replacement between the impeller workpieces, and the matching precision of the master disc structural member 51 and the sub-disc structural member 52 is high, so that the method has a great promotion effect on ensuring the consistency of the replacement precision of the impeller workpieces.

The structure of the master disc structure member 51 and the sub disc structure member 52 will be specifically described below.

Referring to fig. 9, in particular, the sub-disc structure 52 includes a platform 521, a locking shaft 522 and an insertion part 523, where the platform 521 is used to fix a workpiece (where the workpiece may be an impeller workpiece, or an impeller blank), and the insertion part 523 is used to clamp the master disc structure 51, so as to detachably connect the sub-disc structure 52 to the master disc structure 51; the clamping shaft 522 is positioned between the inserting part 523 and the platform part 521 and is coaxially arranged; in order to facilitate the stability of the bayonet 63 to the clamping of the clamping shaft 522, the axial limitation formed by the insertion part 523 and the platform part 521 at the two ends of the clamping shaft 522 is conveniently utilized, and the excircle diameter of the clamping shaft 522 is designed to be smaller than the excircle diameters of the insertion part 523 and the platform part 521.

Optionally, the upper surface of platform portion 521 is equipped with a plurality of T type grooves and a plurality of screw hole, utilizes the cooperation of T type groove and a plurality of screw hole to realize installing the impeller of isostructure to increase the commonality.

Referring to fig. 10, specifically, the master disc structure 51 includes a fixing portion 511 and a clamping portion 512, the clamping portion 512 is fixed on the fixing portion 511 and corresponds to the inserting portion 523, and the inserting portion 523 is inserted and clamped with the clamping portion 512 to detachably connect the sub disc structure 52 and the master disc structure 51; the fixing portion 511 is used for fixing, that is, the master structure 51 is fixed to the carrier plate 72 of the chucking mechanism by the fixing portion 511, and the master structure 51 is also fixed to the C-axis module 22 by the fixing portion 511.

Therefore, it can be understood that the conversion between the impeller workpiece and the impeller blank can be realized only by converting the sub-disc structural member 52, so that not only is the stable clamping of the workpiece ensured by using the sub-disc structural member 52, but also the consistency of the replacement precision of the impeller workpiece is ensured by using the high-precision matching between the sub-disc structural member 52 and the master disc structural member 51.

The specific clamping structure of the inserting portion 523 and the clamping portion 512 will be further described.

Referring to fig. 9-12, specifically, the inserting portion 523 is a cylindrical boss, a polygonal cavity 523-1 is formed in the center of the boss, and a fastening interface 523-2 is formed on at least one inner wall of the polygonal cavity 523-1.

The clamping part 512 comprises a polygonal ring body 512-1 which is structurally matched with the polygonal cavity 523-1, a piston shaft 512-2 arranged inside the polygonal ring body 512-1, a guide disc 512-3 and a clamping cam 512-4; wherein the piston shaft 512-2 is arranged at the center of the polygonal ring body 512-1 and can axially extend and retract; the number of the guide discs 512-3 is two, and the two guide discs 512-3 are sleeved on the piston shaft 512-2 at intervals; the clamping cams 512-4 are matched with the buckling ports 523-2 one by one and used for being clamped and abutted in the buckling ports 523-2; namely, the jamming cam 512-4 comprises a tail end, a tip end and a flange, the tail end of the jamming cam 512-4 is hinged with the side wall of the polygonal ring body 512-1, and the tip end of the jamming cam 512-4 is positioned between the two guide discs 512-3.

When the polygonal ring body 512-1 is in splicing fit with the polygonal cavity 523-1, the piston shaft 512-2 retracts to drive the guide disc 512-3 to move, so that the guide disc 512-3 abuts against the tip end of the clamping cam 512-4 to rotate the tail end of the clamping cam 512-4, at the moment, the flange rotates and is clamped into the clamping port 523-2 due to the rotation of the tail end of the clamping cam 512-4, and the splicing fit of the splicing part 523 and the clamping part 512 is realized.

The axial telescopic motion of the piston shaft 512-2 is realized by a cylinder (not shown), and the cylinder is used for controlling the action of the piston shaft 512-2, so that the clamping between the insertion part 523 and the clamping part 512 is controlled, and the structure is more compact.

Optionally, at least one plug column 523-3 is further disposed in the polygonal cavity 523-1, a guide hole 512-5 corresponding to the plug column 523-3 is disposed in the polygonal ring body 512-1, and the plug column 523-3 is matched with the guide hole 512-5 to achieve guiding insertion of the plug portion 523 and the clamping portion 512.

In this embodiment, the provided polygonal ring body 512-1 and the polygonal cavity 523-1 are equilateral triangle structures similar to a triangle, that is, the polygonal ring body 512-1 is a triangular ring body, the polygonal cavity 523-1 is a triangular cavity, three inner walls of the triangular cavity are all provided with fastening ports 523-2, the inner walls of the triangular ring body are all hinged with clamping cams 512-4, the fastening ports 523-2 are matched with the clamping cams 512-4 one by one, and under the action of the piston shaft 512-2 and the guide disc 512-3, the clamping matching of the insertion part 523 and the clamping part 512 is completed.

Optionally, in this embodiment, a further design is made on the connection and matching between the clamping table 71 and the bearing plate 72, and the bearing plate 72 can be installed in two different states, namely, a detection reloading state and a to-be-exchanged state, by improving the structure of the device, where the detection reloading state is for facilitating manual detection measurement and detachment and replacement of workpieces; the to-be-exchanged state is used for facilitating the exchange mechanism to realize the exchange between the unprocessed impeller blank and the processed impeller workpiece.

Referring to fig. 1, 4, 7 and 8, specifically, a 45 ° inclined plane 711 is provided on the clamping table 71, and the carrying plate 72 is composed of a bottom plate 721 and an inclined plate 722, the bottom plate 721 is provided on the inclined plane 711 and can rotate on the inclined plane 711, and the inclined plate 722 is obliquely fixed on the bottom plate 721 and forms a 45 ° angle with the bottom plate 721; the sloping plate 722 is used for being fixed with the master disc structural member 51, when the bottom plate 721 drives the sloping plate 722 to rotate, the master disc structural member 51 can synchronously rotate to change the position of the master disc structural member, and in the changed position, when the axis of the master disc structural member 51 is vertical to the horizontal plane, the detection and replacement state is in place, and in such a state, a worker can conveniently detect and evaluate the workpiece or replace the workpiece; when the axis of the master structure 51 is parallel to the horizontal plane, it is in a state to be exchanged, in which the clamping of the sub-disc structure 52 by the bayonet 63 is facilitated.

Through the design of the structure of the clamping mechanism, the workpiece can be in two different states, and the machined impeller workpiece is convenient for the inspection and the replacement of workers; for an unprocessed impeller blank, the clamping of the bayonet 63 of the exchange mechanism is facilitated.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A full-direct-drive five-axis machining tool comprises a foundation bed (100), an AC (alternating current) axis composite turntable, an X axis transmission mechanism, a Y axis transmission mechanism and a Z axis transmission mechanism, wherein the AC axis composite turntable is arranged on the X axis transmission mechanism, and the Y axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the Z axis transmission mechanism; the machining tool is characterized by further comprising a clamping mechanism and an exchange mechanism, wherein the clamping mechanism and the exchange mechanism can move on the base bed (100), the clamping mechanism is used for clamping a workpiece to be machined, and the moving direction of the clamping mechanism is parallel to the transmission direction of the X-axis transmission mechanism; the exchange mechanism is arranged between the clamping mechanism and the X-axis transmission mechanism, and the moving direction of the exchange mechanism is vertical to that of the clamping mechanism; the exchange mechanism is used for transferring the workpiece clamped in the clamping mechanism to the AC shaft composite turntable and transferring parts processed on the AC shaft composite turntable to the clamping mechanism, so that the clamping area and the processing area are separated; the AC shaft composite turntable comprises an A shaft module (21) fixed on the X shaft transmission mechanism and a C shaft module (22) arranged on the A shaft module (21), and a master disc structural member (51) is fixed on each of the C shaft module (22) and the clamping mechanism; each master disc structural member (51) is detachably provided with a sub disc structural member (52); the exchange mechanism clamps and installs a sub-disc structural member (52) on a master disc structural member (51) on the C-axis module (22) or a master disc structural member (51) on the clamping mechanism;

the exchange mechanism comprises a vertical column (61) and a rotary exchange piece (62), the vertical column (61) is movably arranged on the foundation bed (100), the rotary exchange piece (62) is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the vertical column (61), bayonets (63) are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotary exchange piece (62), and the bayonets (63) are in crescent-shaped structures; a clamping shaft (522) matched with the bayonet (63) is arranged on the sub-disc structural part (52), and the bayonet (63) is clamped and matched with the clamping shaft (522) to clamp the sub-disc structural part (52);

the secondary disc structural member (52) further comprises a platform part (521) and an inserting part (523), the platform part (521) is used for fixing a workpiece to be processed, and the inserting part (523) is used for clamping with the master disc structural member (51); the clamping shaft (522) is coaxially arranged with the inserting part (523) and the platform part (521) and is positioned between the inserting part (523) and the platform part, and the outer circle diameter of the clamping shaft (522) is smaller than that of the inserting part (523) and the platform part (521);

the mother disc structural member (51) comprises a fixing part (511) and a clamping part (512), the clamping part (512) is fixed on the fixing part (511) and corresponds to the inserting part (523), and the inserting part (523) is inserted and clamped with the clamping part (512) to realize detachable connection of the sub disc structural member (52) and the mother disc structural member (51);

the inserting part (523) is a cylindrical boss, a polygonal concave cavity (523-1) is formed in the center of the boss, and a buckle interface (523-2) is arranged on at least one inner wall in the polygonal concave cavity (523-1);

the clamping part (512) comprises a polygonal ring body (512-1) which is structurally matched with the polygonal cavity (523-1), a piston shaft (512-2) arranged inside the polygonal ring body (512-1), a guide disc (512-3) and a clamping cam (512-4);

the piston shaft (512-2) is arranged at the center of the polygonal ring body (512-1) and can move in a telescopic way;

the number of the guide discs (512-3) is two, and the two guide discs (512-3) are sleeved on the piston shaft (512-2) at intervals;

the clamping cams (512-4) are in one-to-one correspondence with the buckling ports (523-2) and comprise tail ends, tip ends and flanges, the tail ends of the clamping cams (512-4) are hinged with the side walls of the polygonal ring body (512-1), and the tip ends of the clamping cams (512-4) are located between the two guide discs (512-3);

when the polygonal ring body (512-1) is in splicing fit with the polygonal cavity (523-1), the piston shaft (512-2) retracts to drive the guide disc (512-3) to move, so that the guide disc (512-3) is abutted to the tip of the clamping cam (512-4) to realize rotation of the tail end of the clamping cam (512-4), and the flange is clamped into the buckling port (523-2) through rotation of the tail end of the clamping cam (512-4) to realize matching of the splicing part (523) and the clamping part (512).

2. The full direct-drive five-axis machining tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one plug pin column (523-3) is further arranged in the polygonal cavity (523-1), a guide hole (512-5) corresponding to the plug pin column (523-3) is arranged in the polygonal ring body (512-1), and the plug pin column (523-3) and the guide hole (512-5) are matched to realize the guided insertion of the clamping portion (512) and the insertion portion (523).

3. The full direct-drive five-axis machining tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping table (71) and a bearing plate (72), the clamping table (71) is movably arranged on the base (100), and the bearing plate (72) is arranged on the clamping table and used for fixing the master disc structure (51).

4. The full direct-drive five-axis machining tool as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that an inclined plane (711) with an angle of 45 ° is arranged on the clamping table (71), the bearing plate (72) is composed of a bottom plate (721) and an inclined plate (722), the bottom plate (721) is arranged on the inclined plane (711) and can rotate on the inclined plane (711), the inclined plate (722) is obliquely fixed on the bottom plate (721) and forms an angle of 45 ° with the bottom plate (721), the master disc structural member (51) is fixed on the inclined plate (722), and the bottom plate (721) drives the inclined plate (722) to rotate, so that the axis of the master disc structural member (51) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane or parallel to the horizontal plane.

5. The full direct-drive five-axis machining tool as claimed in claim 1 further comprises a compensation telescoping mechanism (44), wherein the compensation telescoping mechanism (44) is fixed on the foundation bed (100) and located below the Y-axis transmission mechanism, and the telescoping direction of the compensation telescoping mechanism (44) is the same as the movement direction of the Z-axis transmission mechanism for supporting the compensation Y-axis transmission mechanism.