CN112496385A - Drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage - Google Patents

Drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112496385A
CN112496385A CN202011282973.0A CN202011282973A CN112496385A CN 112496385 A CN112496385 A CN 112496385A CN 202011282973 A CN202011282973 A CN 202011282973A CN 112496385 A CN112496385 A CN 112496385A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
positioning
mounting
rotating shaft
rack
spring
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202011282973.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王英
胡杨
胡静
于霜
柏余杰
蒋澄灿
王占山
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Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology
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Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology
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Publication date
Application filed by Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology filed Critical Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology
Priority to CN202011282973.0A priority Critical patent/CN112496385A/en
Publication of CN112496385A publication Critical patent/CN112496385A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
    • B23Q5/385—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously using a gear and rack mechanism or a friction wheel co-operating with a rail
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/02—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of drums or rotating tables or discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
    • B23B2215/72—Tubes, pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2270/00—Details of turning, boring or drilling machines, processes or tools not otherwise provided for
    • B23B2270/08—Clamping mechanisms; Provisions for clamping

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of a hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage, wherein a limiting seat is elastically supported on a base, a linkage rack vertically penetrates through the base and is fixedly connected with the limiting seat, two driving gears are arranged below the base, one driving gear is meshed with the linkage rack, and an incomplete rack is horizontally fixed on a push rod; the rotating shaft horizontally rotates above the limiting seat, the mounting frame is elastically supported on the rotating shaft, and three free ends of the connecting rod mechanism are correspondingly hinged to the rotating shaft, the mounting frame and the supporting block; two elastic support bodies are arranged above the limiting seat, the positioning blocks are supported on the elastic support bodies, the mounting plate is arranged above the two positioning blocks, the drill bit is rotatably connected onto the mounting plate, and the drill bit is positioned between the two positioning blocks. The invention has important significance for students to understand the mechanical transmission principle and has obvious educational significance for the students to master the nonstandard automatic design.

Description

Drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of a hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage.
Background art:
the drilling machine that the teaching was used is the standard component, and single structure, when driling hexahedron pipe fitting, hexahedron's clamping on the drilling machine was realized through ordinary vice (hexahedron work piece is shown in fig. 12), and in the teaching process, can not popularize more mechanical principles with the student, consequently needs a drilling equipment, can let the student understand the drilling equipment of mechanical principle such as mechanical linkage, connecting rod hinge pair, machinery spacing, gear drive.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of a hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the drilling device comprises a drill bit, an installation plate, a positioning block, an elastic supporting body, a limiting seat, a base, a rotating shaft, an installation frame, a supporting block, a first rotary disc, a second rotary disc, a push rod, an incomplete rack, a linkage rack, driving gears and a connecting rod mechanism with three free ends, wherein the limiting seat is elastically supported on the base; the rotating shaft horizontally rotates above the limiting seat, the mounting frame is elastically supported on the rotating shaft and is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, the three connecting rod mechanisms are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, three free ends of each connecting rod mechanism are correspondingly hinged on the rotating shaft, the mounting frame and the supporting block, and the first rotating disc and the second rotating disc are coaxially arranged and are respectively and correspondingly and rotatably connected to the mounting frame and the push rod; two elastic support body symmetrical arrangement are in the top of spacing seat, and two locating pieces support on two elastic support body, and the mounting panel setting is in the top of two locating pieces, and the mounting panel can be done along pivot axial direction's motion and the ascending motion of vertical side, and the drill bit rotates to be connected on the mounting panel, and the drill bit is located between two locating pieces.
Furthermore, a rectangular limiting groove is formed in the limiting seat, and the left side surface and the right side surface of the limiting groove correspondingly form two installation reference surfaces.
Furthermore, the positioning block is a right-angle block structure with a horizontal edge and a vertical edge, a right-angle positioning opening is formed in the inner wall surface of the vertical edge in the positioning block, and a guide inclined surface is arranged on the inner wall surface of the positioning block and below the right-angle positioning opening; two locating pieces symmetrical arrangement are in the left and right sides of spacing seat, and the inboard that corresponds side installation reference surface is arranged in to the vertical face of right angle location mouth on the locating piece of one side, and the bottommost on direction inclined plane extends in the locating piece on the bottom surface on vertical limit, and the outside that corresponds side installation reference surface is arranged in to the bottommost on direction inclined plane.
Further, the elastic support body comprises an installation block, a first spring, a first guide rod, a pressure rod and a roller, the installation block is arranged above the limiting seat, the first guide rod penetrates through the horizontal edge of the positioning block and is fixedly connected with the installation block, the first spring is sleeved on the first guide rod, the upper end and the lower end of the first spring are respectively abutted to the positioning block and the installation block, the pressure rod is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the horizontal edge in the positioning block, the roller is rotatably connected to the top end of the pressure rod, and the installation plate vertically moves downwards and presses the roller downwards.
Furthermore, a second guide rod is fixedly connected to the end face of the rotating shaft in the axis direction, a second spring is sleeved on the second guide rod, the mounting frame is movably inserted into the second guide rod, and the left end and the right end of the second spring are respectively abutted to the mounting frame and the rotating shaft.
Further, link mechanism includes first articulated rod and second articulated rod, and one side end of first articulated rod articulates at the middle part of second articulated rod, and link mechanism's three free end is constituteed to the both ends of second articulated rod and the opposite side end of first articulated rod, the both ends of second articulated rod articulate respectively on pivot and supporting shoe, and the opposite side end of first articulated rod articulates on the mounting bracket.
Furthermore, the supporting block comprises an inner block body, an outer block body, a third guide rod and a third spring, the inner block body is hinged to the link mechanism, the third guide rod penetrates through the inner block body and is fixedly connected with the outer block body, the third spring is sleeved on the third guide rod, and two ends of the third spring respectively abut against the inner block body and the outer block body; the outer block body is made of rubber materials, and an anti-skid net surface is arranged on the outer wall surface of the outer block body.
Further, all be equipped with the mounting disc on mounting bracket and the push rod, first carousel and second carousel rotate respectively to be connected on two mounting discs.
Furthermore, fixedly connected with fourth guide arm on the base, it has the fourth spring to peg graft on the fourth guide arm, spacing seat is pegged graft on the fourth guide arm, and the top of fourth spring is contradicted on spacing seat, is equipped with spacing platform on the back of linkage rack, and under the effect of fourth spring elasticity, spacing platform contradicts on the bottom surface of base.
Furthermore, the mounting plate is driven by a two-dimensional driving structure and moves in the horizontal and vertical directions, the two-dimensional driving structure comprises an electric slide rail unit, a guide rail, a driving rack, a gear and a fixing plate, the fixing plate is fixedly connected to a slide block in the electric slide rail unit, the electric slide rail unit drives the fixing plate to move horizontally, the guide rail is fixedly connected to the fixing plate, the mounting plate is slidably connected to the guide rail, the driving rack is slidably connected to the fixing plate and fixedly connected with the mounting plate, the gear is rotatably connected to the fixing plate and meshed with the driving rack, and the gear rotates and drives the mounting plate to move vertically; the mounting plate is provided with a motor and a gearbox, the motor is connected with the gearbox, and the drill bit is connected with an output shaft of the gearbox through a drill bit clamp.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention covers mechanical principles such as mechanical linkage, slide rail transmission, gear transmission, connecting rod transmission, dynamic limiting, spring use and the like, has important significance for students to understand the mechanical transmission principle, has obvious educational significance for students to master non-standard automatic design, is convenient to realize automatic operation when being applied to actual production and manufacturing, can provide working efficiency, and has simple structure and good use effect.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 and 3 are partial structural views of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a view showing an installation structure of two driving gears in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the positioning block, the elastic support and the limiting seat of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of a positioning block of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a view showing a positioning structure of the positioning block of the present invention for the hexahedron tool.
Fig. 8 is a mounting structure view of the mounting bracket on the rotating shaft in the invention.
Fig. 9, 10 and 11 are diagrams illustrating the operation of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a structural view of a hexahedral workpiece to be processed.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the drilling device for automatically positioning and turning a hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage according to the present invention includes a drill 11, a mounting plate 12, a positioning block 21, an elastic support 31, a limiting seat 41, a base 42, a rotating shaft 51, a mounting frame 53, a supporting block 54, a first rotating disk 55, a second rotating disk 62, a push rod 63, an incomplete rack 64, a linkage rack 65, a driving gear 66, and a link mechanism 52 having three free ends.
The limiting seat 41 and the base 42 are layered and arranged in parallel from top to bottom, the limiting seat 41 is elastically supported on the base 42, the linkage rack 65 vertically penetrates through the base 42 and is fixedly connected with the limiting seat 41, the two driving gears 66 are arranged below the base 42 and are coaxially arranged, and the two driving gears 66 are fixedly connected through a connecting shaft (as shown in fig. 4). One of the drive gears 66 is engaged with the interlocking rack 65, the incomplete rack 64 is horizontally fixed to the push rod 63, and the incomplete rack 64 is disposed right below the other drive gear 66.
The rotating shaft 51 horizontally rotates above the limiting seat 41, the mounting frame 53 is elastically supported on the rotating shaft 51 and is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 51, the three link mechanisms 52 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 51, and three free ends of each link mechanism 52 are correspondingly hinged on the rotating shaft 51, the mounting frame 53 and the supporting block 54. The first rotating disc 55 and the second rotating disc 62 are coaxially arranged and are correspondingly and rotatably connected to the mounting frame 53 and the push rod 63 respectively, and the first rotating disc 55 and the second rotating disc 62 are coaxially arranged.
The two elastic supporting bodies 31 are symmetrically arranged above the limiting seat 41, the two positioning blocks 21 are supported on the two elastic supporting bodies 31, the mounting plate 12 is arranged above the two positioning blocks 21, the mounting plate 12 can move along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 51 and in the vertical direction, the drill bit 11 is rotatably connected to the mounting plate 12, and the drill bit 11 is located between the two positioning blocks 21.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in order to limit the hexahedral workpiece 400 in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 51, a rectangular limiting recess 411 is provided in the limiting seat 41, and two mounting reference surfaces a are formed on the left and right side surfaces of the limiting recess 411. The mounting reference plane a is used for determining the mounting positions of the two positioning blocks 21, and the function of the mounting reference plane a will be described in detail below in conjunction with the dynamic positioning process of the hexahedral workpiece 400 and the operation principle of the two positioning blocks 21.
The positioning block 21 of the present invention is a right-angle block structure having a horizontal side and a vertical side, a right-angle positioning opening 211 is provided on an inner wall surface of the vertical side in the positioning block 21, a guiding inclined surface 212 is provided on the inner wall surface of the positioning block 21 and below the right-angle positioning opening 211, and a bottom end of the guiding inclined surface 212 extends on a bottom surface of the vertical side in the positioning block 21.
When the two positioning blocks 21 are installed, the two positioning blocks 21 are symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the limiting seat 41 by taking the two installation reference surfaces a of the limiting groove 411 as references, and it is ensured that the vertical surface of the right-angle positioning opening 211 on one side positioning block 21 is arranged at the inner side of the corresponding side installation reference surface a, and the bottommost end of the guide inclined surface 212 is arranged at the outer side of the corresponding side installation reference surface a.
When the hexahedral workpieces 400 of the same size are mass-machined, it is ensured that the axial length of the machined hexahedral workpieces 400 is less than the axial length of the limiting groove 411. When the positioning blocks 21 are assembled, the axial length b of the hexahedral workpiece 400 to be processed is measured, then the mounting positions of the two positioning blocks 21 are determined according to the measured axial length b, and the distance a between the vertical surfaces in the right-angle positioning openings 211 on the two positioning blocks 21 is ensured to be larger than or equal to b, and when a is larger than b, the difference value is not more than 2 mm.
Referring to fig. 7, when the hexahedral workpiece 400 is machined, the hexahedral workpiece 400 is placed in the limiting groove 411, then the two positioning blocks 21 are pressed down simultaneously, and since the bottom end of the guide inclined plane 212 is placed on the outer side of the corresponding side installation reference plane a, in the process that the two guide inclined planes 212 are pressed down, if the hexahedral workpiece 400 is misaligned, the guide inclined plane 212 corrects the hexahedral workpiece 400 first, and finally, the hexahedral workpiece 400 is centered between the two positioning blocks 21. After the two positioning blocks 21 are pressed down and completely abutted against the hexahedral workpiece 400, positioning is performed through the two right-angle positioning ports 211. The horizontal distance a between the two right-angle positioning openings 211 and the axial length deviation of the hexahedral workpiece 400 are not more than 2mm, so that the centering and positioning effects of the hexahedral workpiece 400 between the two positioning blocks 21 are ensured.
According to the invention, the positioning block 21 is structurally realized, so that the hexahedral workpiece 400 is dynamically limited in the process of pressing down the positioning block 21, the machine does not need to be stopped to position the workpiece, the use effect is good, and the positioning efficiency is high.
The elastic support 31 of the present invention includes a mounting block 311, a first spring 312, a first guide rod 313, a pressing rod 314 and a roller 315, wherein the mounting block 311 is disposed above the limiting seat 41 and is mounted on a rack, and the position of the mounting block 311 on the rack is adjustable (which can be realized by a graduated waist-shaped hole structure) to realize the position adjustment of the positioning block 21. The adjustment structure of the frame and the mounting block 311 is not shown to simplify the structure.
The first guide rod 313 penetrates through the horizontal edge of the positioning block 21 and is fixedly connected with the mounting block 311, the first spring 312 is sleeved on the first guide rod 313, the upper end and the lower end of the first spring 312 respectively abut against the positioning block 21 and the mounting block 311, the pressing rod 314 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the horizontal edge in the positioning block 21, the roller 315 is rotatably connected to the top end of the pressing rod 314, and the mounting plate 12 vertically moves downwards and presses the roller 315 downwards. The working principle of the elastic support body 31 will be described in detail in the following in the working process of the whole device.
As shown in fig. 8, in order to elastically support the mounting bracket 53 on the rotating shaft 51, a second guide rod 511 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the rotating shaft 51 in the axial direction, a second spring 512 is sleeved on the second guide rod 511, the mounting bracket 53 is movably inserted into the second guide rod 511, and the left end and the right end of the second spring 512 respectively abut against the mounting bracket 53 and the rotating shaft 51.
The link mechanism 52 of the present invention includes a first hinge rod 521 and a second hinge rod 522, wherein one end of the first hinge rod 521 is hinged to the middle of the second hinge rod 522, two ends of the second hinge rod 522 and the other end of the first hinge rod 521 constitute three free ends of the link mechanism 52, two ends of the second hinge rod 522 are respectively hinged to the rotating shaft 51 and the supporting block 54, and the other end of the first hinge rod 521 is hinged to the mounting frame 53.
The link mechanism 52 is implemented by a mechanism of a hinge pair, and the movement of the support block 54 is implemented by a hinge movement between the first hinge lever 521 and the second hinge lever 522 by applying a pressure to the axial direction of the mounting bracket 53.
The supporting block 54 of the present invention includes an inner block 541, an outer block 542, a third guiding rod 543 and a third spring 544, the inner block 541 and the outer block 542 are arranged in parallel, the inner block 541 is hinged on the link mechanism 52, the third guiding rod 543 passes through the inner block 541 and is fixedly connected with the outer block 542, the third spring 544 is sleeved on the third guiding rod 543, and two ends of the third spring 544 respectively abut against the inner block 541 and the outer block 542.
According to the invention, the support blocks 54 are spread through the connecting rod mechanism 52, and the support blocks 54 are abutted against the inner wall of the hexahedral workpiece 400, so that the hexahedral workpiece 400 is rotated, in order to increase the friction force between the support blocks 54 and the hexahedral workpiece 400, the outer block body 542 is made of a rubber material, and the outer wall surface of the outer block body 542 is provided with an anti-skidding net surface.
The axial pressure of the link mechanism 52 is realized by moving the push rod 63 and abutting the push rod 63 against the mounting frame 53, when the hexahedral workpiece 400 rotates, in order to facilitate the interference of the push rod 63 with the rotation of the hexahedral workpiece 400, the mounting frame 53 and the push rod 63 are correspondingly provided with a first rotating disc 55 and a second rotating disc 62, in order to facilitate the installation of the first rotating disc 55 and the second rotating disc 62, the mounting frame 53 and the push rod 63 are both provided with a mounting disc 71, and the first rotating disc 55 and the second rotating disc 62 are respectively and rotatably connected to the two mounting discs 71.
When the hexahedral workpiece 400 is rotated, the hexahedral workpiece 400 is separated from the stopper 41 and the hexahedral workpiece 400 is suspended. Therefore, after the push rod 63 abuts against the mounting frame 53 to expand the linkage mechanism 52, the support block 54 abuts against the inner wall of the hexahedral workpiece 400, so that the hexahedral workpiece 400 is limited and fixed. Then, the push rod 63 is pushed axially continuously, at this time, the third spring 544 between the inner block 541 and the outer block 542 is compressed, and in the process of compressing the third spring 544, the tooth surface on the incomplete rack 64 is meshed with the corresponding driving gear 66, and the limiting seat 41 is pulled down, so that the hexahedral workpiece 400 is suspended.
In order to ensure the stable operation and reset of the limiting seat 41, a fourth guide rod 421 is fixedly connected to the base 42, a fourth spring 422 is inserted into the fourth guide rod 421, the limiting seat 41 is inserted into the fourth guide rod 421, and the top end of the fourth spring (422) abuts against the limiting seat 41.
In order to limit the limiting seat 41 in the vertical direction, a limiting table 651 is arranged on the back surface of the linkage rack 65, and the limiting table 651 abuts against the bottom surface of the base 42 under the action of the elastic force of the fourth spring 422. The stopper base 41 is prevented from being in a floating state by the engaging and clasping force between the linked rack 65 and the drive gear 66.
The present invention also provides auxiliary members for mounting, such as a side plate 91 for mounting the rotating shaft 51, a cross bar 92 on the push rod 63 for mounting the second rotating disc 62, and the like.
The mounting plate 12 is driven by a two-dimensional driving structure to realize horizontal and vertical movement, the two-dimensional driving structure comprises an electric sliding rail unit 81, a guide rail 82, a driving rack 83, a gear 84 and a fixing plate 85, the fixing plate 85 is fixedly connected to a sliding block in the electric sliding rail unit 81, the electric sliding rail unit 81 drives the fixing plate 85 to horizontally move, the guide rail 82 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 85, the mounting plate 12 is slidably connected to the guide rail 82, the driving rack 83 is slidably connected to the fixing plate 85 and fixedly connected with the mounting plate 12, the gear 84 is rotatably connected to the fixing plate 85 and meshed with the driving rack 83, and the gear 84 rotates and drives the mounting plate 12 to vertically move. The mounting plate 12 is horizontally moved to adjust the position of the drilled hole.
The mounting plate 12 is provided with a motor 121 and a gearbox 122, the motor 121 is connected with the gearbox 122, and the drill bit 11 is connected with an output shaft of the gearbox 122 through a drill bit clamp.
The mechanical operation principle of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 9, 10 and 11.
When the positioning device is used, the hexahedral workpiece 400 is placed in the limiting groove 411 of the limiting seat 41, the mounting plate 12 moves downwards and drives the drill bit 11 to move downwards, before the drill bit 11 does not contact the hexahedral workpiece 400, the mounting plate 12 presses the roller 315 downwards, and then the right-angle positioning ports 211 of the two positioning blocks 21 contact the hexahedral workpiece 400 firstly and limit the hexahedral workpiece 400. As the mounting plate 12 continues to be pressed down, the first spring 312 continues to be compressed and deformed, and the bit 11 comes into contact with the hexahedral workpiece 400 and performs drilling, as shown in fig. 9.
After the hexahedral workpiece 400 is drilled, the mounting plate 12 drives the drill bit 11 to return, and in the process that the drill bit 11 exits the hexahedral workpiece 400, the positioning block 21 is still pressed on the hexahedral workpiece 400, so that the hexahedral workpiece 400 is prevented from being displaced. When the drill 11 is withdrawn from the hexahedral workpiece 400 and the positioning block 21 is still in the positioning state, the push rod 63 moves and pushes the second rotary plate 62 against the first rotary plate 55, so that the outer blocks 542 in the supporting block 54 are in contact with the inner wall surface of the hexahedral workpiece 400. After the outer block 542 is brought into contact with the hexahedral workpiece 400, the positioning block 21 is disengaged from the hexahedral workpiece 400, as shown in fig. 10.
The elastic support 31 is used for ensuring that the hexahedral workpiece 400 is not in the normal position and does not move due to shifting when the outer block 542 is in contact with the inner wall surface of the hexahedral workpiece 400 during the drilling process of the hexahedral workpiece 400 and the drill 11 is withdrawn from the hexahedral workpiece 400.
After the positioning block 21 is separated from the hexahedral workpiece 400, the axial pushing rod 63 continues to move, at this time, the third spring 544 between the inner block 541 and the outer block 542 is compressed, and in the process of compressing the third spring 544, the tooth surface on the incomplete rack 64 is engaged with the corresponding driving gear 66, and the limiting seat 41 is pulled down, so that the hexahedral workpiece 400 is suspended, as shown in fig. 11. After the hexahedral workpiece 400 is suspended, the rotating shaft 51 is rotated to drill a next end surface. The rotary shaft 51 is driven by a stepping motor. After the multi-sided drilling of the hexahedral workpiece 400 is completed, the hexahedral workpiece 400 is manually removed.
When a new part is machined each time, the rotating shaft 51 is rotated to the initial position, the initial position of the rotating shaft 51 is realized by arranging a pointer 100 on the rotating shaft 51 (as shown in fig. 2), and then the hexahedral workpiece 400 is sleeved outside the supporting block 54. The initial position of the rotating shaft 51 is set to ensure that the machined surface of the hexahedral workpiece 400 faces upward horizontally by each rotation of the rotating shaft.
The invention covers mechanical principles such as mechanical linkage, slide rail transmission, gear transmission, connecting rod transmission, dynamic limiting, spring use and the like, has important significance for students to understand the mechanical transmission principle, has obvious educational significance for students to master non-standard automatic design, is convenient to realize automatic operation when being applied to actual production and manufacturing, can provide working efficiency, and has simple structure and good use effect.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this invention and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention and these modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. Realize drilling equipment of hexahedron work piece automatic positioning upset based on mechanical linkage, its characterized in that: comprises a drill bit (11), a mounting plate (12), a positioning block (21), an elastic supporting body (31), a limiting seat (41), a base (42), a rotating shaft (51), a mounting frame (53), a supporting block (54), a first rotating disc (55), a second rotating disc (62), a push rod (63), an incomplete rack (64), a linkage rack (65), a driving gear (66) and a connecting rod mechanism (52) with three free ends, the limiting seat (41) is elastically supported on the base (42), the linkage rack (65) vertically penetrates through the base (42) and is fixedly connected with the limiting seat (41), the two driving gears (66) are arranged below the base (42) and are coaxially arranged, one driving gear (66) is meshed with the linkage rack (65), the incomplete rack (64) is horizontally fixed on the push rod (63), and the incomplete rack (64) is arranged right below the other driving gear (66); the rotating shaft (51) horizontally rotates above the limiting seat (41), the mounting rack (53) is elastically supported on the rotating shaft (51) and is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (51), the three link mechanisms (52) are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft (51), three free ends of each link mechanism (52) are correspondingly hinged to the rotating shaft (51), the mounting rack (53) and the supporting block (54), and the first rotating disk (55) and the second rotating disk (62) are coaxially arranged and are respectively and correspondingly and rotatably connected to the mounting rack (53) and the push rod (63); two elastic supporting bodies (31) are symmetrically arranged above the limiting seat (41), two positioning blocks (21) are supported on the two elastic supporting bodies (31), the mounting plate (12) is arranged above the two positioning blocks (21), the mounting plate (12) can move along the axial direction of the rotating shaft (51) and move in the vertical direction, the drill bit (11) is rotatably connected onto the mounting plate (12), and the drill bit (11) is positioned between the two positioning blocks (21).
2. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the limiting seat (41) is provided with a rectangular limiting groove (411), and the left side surface and the right side surface of the limiting groove (411) correspondingly form two mounting reference surfaces (A).
3. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the positioning block (21) is a right-angle block structure with a horizontal edge and a vertical edge, a right-angle positioning opening (211) is formed in the inner wall surface of the vertical edge in the positioning block (21), and a guide inclined surface (212) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the positioning block (21) and below the right-angle positioning opening (211); two locating pieces (21) symmetrical arrangement are in the left and right sides of spacing seat (41), and the inboard that corresponds side installation reference surface (A) is arranged in to the vertical face of right angle location mouth (211) on one side locating piece (21), and the bottommost of direction inclined plane (212) extends on the bottom surface of vertical limit in locating piece (21), and the outside that corresponds side installation reference surface (A) is arranged in to the bottommost of direction inclined plane (212).
4. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 3, wherein: elastic support body (31) is including installation piece (311), first spring (312), first guide arm (313), depression bar (314) and gyro wheel (315), installation piece (311) set up the top at spacing seat (41), first guide arm (313) pass the horizontal limit of locating piece (21) and with installation piece (311) fixed connection, first spring (312) cover is established on first guide arm (313), and the upper and lower both ends of first spring (312) are contradicted respectively on locating piece (21) and installation piece (311), depression bar (314) fixed connection is on the up end of horizontal limit in locating piece (21), gyro wheel (315) rotate to be connected the top in depression bar (314), vertical downstream of mounting panel (12) pushes down gyro wheel (315).
5. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shaft is characterized in that a second guide rod (511) is fixedly connected to the end face of the rotating shaft (51) in the axial direction, a second spring (512) is sleeved on the second guide rod (511), the mounting frame (53) is movably inserted into the second guide rod (511), and the left end and the right end of the second spring (512) are respectively abutted to the mounting frame (53) and the rotating shaft (51).
6. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the link mechanism (52) comprises a first hinge rod (521) and a second hinge rod (522), the tail end of one side of the first hinge rod (521) is hinged to the middle of the second hinge rod (522), the two ends of the second hinge rod (522) and the tail end of the other side of the first hinge rod (521) form three free ends of the link mechanism (52), the two ends of the second hinge rod (522) are hinged to the rotating shaft (51) and the supporting block (54) respectively, and the tail end of the other side of the first hinge rod (521) is hinged to the mounting frame (53).
7. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting block (54) comprises an inner block body (541), an outer block body (542), a third guide rod (543) and a third spring (544), the inner block body (541) is hinged to the link mechanism (52), the third guide rod (543) penetrates through the inner block body (541) and is fixedly connected with the outer block body (542), the third spring (544) is sleeved on the third guide rod (543), and two ends of the third spring (544) respectively abut against the inner block body (541) and the outer block body (542); the outer block body (542) is made of rubber materials, and an anti-skidding net surface is arranged on the outer wall surface of the outer block body (542).
8. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: all be equipped with mounting disc (71) on mounting bracket (53) and push rod (63), first carousel (55) and second carousel (62) rotate respectively to be connected on two mounting disc (71).
9. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base (42) is fixedly connected with a fourth guide rod (421), a fourth spring (422) is inserted into the fourth guide rod (421), the limiting seat (41) is inserted into the fourth guide rod (421), the top end of the fourth spring (422) abuts against the limiting seat (41), a limiting table (651) is arranged on the back face of the linkage rack (65), and the limiting table (651) abuts against the bottom face of the base (42) under the elastic force of the fourth spring (422).
10. The drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of the hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mounting plate (12) is driven by a two-dimensional driving structure and moves horizontally and vertically, the two-dimensional driving structure comprises an electric sliding rail unit (81), a guide rail (82), a driving rack (83), a gear (84) and a fixing plate (85), the fixing plate (85) is fixedly connected to a sliding block in the electric sliding rail unit (81), the electric sliding rail unit (81) drives the fixing plate (85) to move horizontally, the guide rail (82) is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (85), the mounting plate (12) is slidably connected to the guide rail (82), the driving rack (83) is slidably connected to the fixing plate (85) and is fixedly connected with the mounting plate (12), the gear (84) is rotatably connected to the fixing plate (85) and is meshed with the driving rack (83), and the gear (84) rotates and drives the mounting plate (12) to move vertically; a motor (121) and a gearbox (122) are arranged on the mounting plate (12), the motor (121) is connected with the gearbox (122), and the drill bit (11) is connected with an output shaft of the gearbox (122) through a drill bit clamp.
CN202011282973.0A 2020-11-17 2020-11-17 Drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage Pending CN112496385A (en)

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CN202011282973.0A CN112496385A (en) 2020-11-17 2020-11-17 Drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage

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CN202011282973.0A CN112496385A (en) 2020-11-17 2020-11-17 Drilling device for realizing automatic positioning and overturning of hexahedral workpiece based on mechanical linkage

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CN210231620U (en) * 2019-08-24 2020-04-03 营口宝唯管业发展有限公司 Advanced manufacturing technical equipment for super-strong corrosion-resistant alloy pipeline
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