CN112496358A - Spindle box for numerical control machine tool and forming die thereof - Google Patents
Spindle box for numerical control machine tool and forming die thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112496358A CN112496358A CN202011338524.3A CN202011338524A CN112496358A CN 112496358 A CN112496358 A CN 112496358A CN 202011338524 A CN202011338524 A CN 202011338524A CN 112496358 A CN112496358 A CN 112496358A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/20—Stack moulds, i.e. arrangement of multiple moulds or flasks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/001—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and particularly relates to a spindle box for a numerical control machine tool and a forming die thereof, wherein the spindle box is arranged on a slide rail on a machine tool upright post in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, the spindle box comprises a box body, a spindle, a ram and a slide seat, the spindle is arranged in the box body, the ram is arranged on one side of the box body and is arranged on the slide seat in a sliding manner along the horizontal direction, and the slide seat is arranged on the slide rail in a sliding manner, wherein the spindle box further comprises a dynamic adjusting mechanism for adjusting the ram and the box body in real time due to flexural deformation generated by gravity center change when the ram and the box body are overhung; after the box body moves forwards, the front side of the box body has a tendency of downward inclination, the phenomenon can cause the downward external force applied to the first seat body and the second seat body to incline forwards, and a dynamic adjusting mechanism for applying upward thrust to the box body is arranged aiming at the change of the external force so as to balance the box body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and particularly relates to a spindle box for a numerical control machine tool and a forming die thereof.
Background
The headstock is an important part of the machine tool and is used for arranging the machine tool working spindle and its drive parts and corresponding additional mechanisms. The spindle box often causes the front end of the spindle to droop due to the change of the center of gravity in the moving process, so that the dynamic performance of a machine tool and the machining precision of parts are influenced.
At present, a front end balance oil cylinder is adopted in many machine tool designs, one or two balance oil cylinders are arranged at the front end of an upright post, a spindle box is lifted, and the problem that a spindle set deforms under the action of gravity is solved. For example, the chinese patent publication No. CN 101913106 a discloses a ram deflection deformation bidirectional compensation device for a floor type milling and boring machine, wherein two compression rods are arranged at the lower part of a ram, and the compression rods and the pull rods are vertically symmetrical along the central line of a milling shaft, so that two groups of rods form a bidirectional acting force group, and the axial acting effects of the ram are mutually offset, so that no additional axial deformation is generated while the ram deflection deformation is compensated.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN102179719B discloses a compensation mechanism for stress deformation of a spindle box of a machine tool, wherein the gravity center position of the spindle box is changed according to the extension amount of a ram through a hydraulic proportional valve, so that corresponding hydraulic pressure is output to a compensation oil cylinder in real time, a piston of the oil cylinder generates forward moving thrust, the thrust is transmitted to an upright post through the contact of the front end of the piston and a buffering copper pad, and the upright post applies reverse thrust to the spindle box provided with the compensation oil cylinder according to the principle of acting force and reacting force, so that the effect of compensating the position deformation of the spindle box is achieved. Although the mechanism can compensate the main spindle box, the mechanism is performed by adopting a side extrusion mode, so that under the condition of compensating the same deflection, the pressure required to be provided by the oil cylinder is larger, and the power consumption of the equipment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a spindle box for a numerical control machine tool, which aims to overcome stress concentration caused by the change of the gravity center of a spindle assembly in the moving process of the spindle box, dynamically compensate stress deformation generated by the spindle box in real time and further improve the machining precision of the machine tool; and still provide a forming die who processes this headstock, this forming die can, enough reduce the casting defect, improve the qualification rate of box cast blank to can also reduce investment, reduce cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a headstock for digit control machine tool, this headstock slide along vertical direction and set up on the slide rail on the lathe stand, the headstock includes box, main shaft, ram and slide, the main shaft set up in the box, the ram set up in one side of box and along the horizontal direction slide set up in on the slide, the slide set up in on the slide rail, its characterized in that: the spindle box further comprises a dynamic adjusting mechanism for adjusting deflection deformation of the ram and the box body caused by gravity center change in real time when the ram and the box body are suspended and extended.
The invention is further configured to: a first seat body and a second seat body are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the sliding seat, the first seat body and the second seat body are used for supporting the ram and the box body and enabling the ram and the box body to slide, the front ends of the first seat body and the box body are positioned on the same side, and the rear ends of the second seat body and the box body are positioned on the same side; the dynamic adjusting mechanism comprises a first adjusting device and a controller, wherein the first adjusting device is arranged on the first base body and used for applying upward thrust to the box body, and the controller is used for controlling the working state of the first adjusting device.
The invention is further configured to: the first adjusting device comprises a first adjusting seat which is positioned below the box body and is provided with an inner cavity, a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged in the first adjusting seat, a piston rod end of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder extends out of the first adjusting seat and then extends to the lower end face of the box body, and the first adjusting device also comprises an oil groove which is used for providing pressure media; the inlet end of the pressure pump is connected with the oil groove, and the outlet end of the pressure pump is connected with the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder so as to supply oil to the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder; the controller comprises a position sensor and a PLC control unit, wherein the position sensor is used for detecting the extension amount of the box body, converting the detected information and then sending the converted information to the PLC control unit; the hydraulic proportional valve is arranged on a pipeline between the pressure pump and the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder; and the PLC control unit controls the state of the hydraulic proportional valve through the position information of the box body detected by the position sensor so as to input corresponding oil quantity to the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder and control the piston rod of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder to apply upward thrust to the box body.
The invention is further configured to: the hydraulic proportional valve comprises a first three-position four-way valve, and the first three-position four-way valve is provided with a first working oil port A, a first working oil port B, a first oil inlet P and a first oil return port T; the hydraulic oil cylinder comprises a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, a first oil port, a second oil port, a first oil return port T, a second oil port, a first oil inlet P, a second oil return port T, a third oil return port T, a fourth oil return port T and a fourth oil return port T, wherein the first oil port is arranged on a rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, the second oil port is arranged on a rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, the first working oil port A is connected with the first oil port A through a pipeline, the first oil inlet P is connected with the pressure pump, the first oil return port T is connected with the oil groove, when the first three-position four-way valve is in the middle position, each oil port is closed, when.
The invention is further configured to: the controller further comprises a regulating device connected to the outlet end of the pressure pump for dividing the flow.
The invention is further configured to: the adjusting device comprises an adjusting seat and an adjusting piston, wherein the adjusting seat is internally provided with a cylindrical cavity, and the adjusting piston is arranged in the adjusting seat in a sliding and sealing manner; the adjusting piston is in a circular truncated cone shape, a first cavity is formed by the small end face of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the adjusting seat, a second cavity is formed by the large end face of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the adjusting seat, and a pressure spring is arranged in the second cavity; the adjusting seat is provided with an oil outlet port A opposite to the small end face of the adjusting piston, an oil outlet port B opposite to the large end face of the adjusting piston and an oil inlet port C which is positioned on the side face and communicated with the first cavity, the oil outlet port A is connected with the first oil inlet P through a pipeline, the oil outlet port B is connected with the oil groove through a pipeline, the ring surface of the adjusting piston is also provided with a communication hole for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity, the adjusting device further comprises a reversing valve controlled by the PLC control unit, the reversing valve is provided with two working ports and is respectively communicated with the oil outlet port B and the first oil inlet P, and the oil inlet port of the reversing valve is connected with the outlet end of the pressure pump;
when the pressure pump is started and the reversing valve is switched to be connected with the oil inlet port C, pressure oil output by the pressure pump flows to the oil inlet port C, the pressure oil flowing to the oil inlet port C pushes the adjusting piston to move towards the second cavity, the pressure spring is squeezed, the oil outlet port A is gradually opened, a part of the pressure oil in the first cavity flows out from the oil outlet port A and flows to the first oil inlet P, and the other part of the pressure oil flows to the second cavity through the communication hole and flows out from the oil outlet port B;
when the reversing valve is switched to be connected with the first oil inlet P, the pressure oil output by the pressure pump is directly conveyed to the first oil inlet P.
The invention is further configured to: the controller comprises a PLC control unit, a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder and a box body, wherein the piston rod end of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder is provided with a first pressing plate, one surface of the first pressing plate, which is in contact with the box body, is a smooth surface, the controller further comprises a first pressure sensor which is arranged on the smooth surface and used for detecting the size of a pressure value to be received, and the PLC control unit controls the state of the first three-position four-way valve according to a pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor.
The invention also provides a dynamic adjustment control method for the spindle box of the numerical control machine tool, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific control steps are as follows,
the box body extends forwards: when the box body of the main shaft box moves forwards, the gravity center of the box body tilts forwards, at the moment, a displacement sensor sends a distance signal for detecting the forward movement of the box body to a controller, the controller opens a pressure pump through the signal, a first three-position four-way valve is switched to the left position, hydraulic oil in an oil groove flows to a first working oil port A through a first oil inlet P and enters a rodless cavity of a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, a first pressing plate is pushed to extrude the lower end of the box body to compensate deflection generated by the box body, after corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, even if the pressure acted on the box body by the first pressing plate is gradually increased to a corresponding value, the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve to the middle position, and the;
the box body retreats: after the box body of the main shaft box moves backwards, the gravity center of the box body tilts backwards, at the moment, a displacement sensor sends a distance signal for detecting the backward movement of the box body to a controller, the controller opens a pressure pump through the signal, a first three-position four-way valve is switched to the right position, hydraulic oil in an oil groove flows to a first working oil port B through a first oil inlet P and enters a rod cavity of a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, a first pressing plate is pushed to move towards the lower end of the box body, deflection generated by the box body is compensated, after corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, even after the pressure of the first pressing plate acting on the box body is gradually reduced to a corresponding value, the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve to a middle position, and the adjustment.
The invention is further configured to: the above steps further include a step for controlling a rate of change of the pressure applied by the first pressure plate to the tank, the step including,
when the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve to the left position or the right position, the adjusting device is started, namely the reversing valve is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, the pressure oil output by the pressure pump flows to the oil inlet port C, and a part of the pressure oil flowing to the oil inlet port C flows to the oil groove from the communicating hole and the oil outlet port B; the other part of the pressure gradually flows to a first oil inlet A through an oil outlet port A and respectively enters a rodless cavity or a rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder through a first working oil port A or a first working oil port B, so that the pressure of the first pressing plate acting on the box body is slowly increased or decreased;
after a period of time, the reversing valve is switched to be communicated with the first oil inlet P, so that the pressure of the first pressing plate acting on the box body is rapidly increased or reduced; when the pressure of the first pressing plate acting on the box body gradually approaches to a corresponding numerical value, the reversing valve is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, the pressure of the first pressing plate acting on the box body is increased or decreased slowly again until the corresponding numerical value is reached, finally, the first three-position four-way valve is switched to a middle position, and the pressure pump is closed.
The invention also provides a forming die for the spindle box of the numerical control machine tool, which is used for processing the box body of the spindle box and is characterized in that: the box body mold is formed by bonding a plurality of box body sand blocks which are made of resin sand, a main pouring runner is arranged on the box body mold, a plurality of auxiliary runners are connected to the main pouring runner, and the inner ports of the auxiliary runners are respectively communicated with the cavity of the box body mold.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the first seat body and the second seat body are arranged on the sliding seat, the ram and the box body are arranged on the first seat body and the second seat body, after the box body moves forwards, the front side of the box body has a tendency of inclining downwards, the phenomenon can cause the downward external force applied to the first seat body and the second seat body to incline forwards, and a dynamic adjusting mechanism for applying upward thrust to the box body so as to balance the box body is arranged aiming at the change of the external force.
2. Because the proportional relation between the change of the gravity center of the box body and the pressure oil input to the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder is simply difficult to accurately adjust and control by adopting a common hydraulic proportional valve, the invention adopts a three-position four-way valve and a first pressure sensor, and carries out accurate control through the combined action of the three-position four-way valve and the first pressure sensor, namely, the change of the gravity center of the box body is converted into the pressure change of the box body on a first adjusting device positioned on a first seat body;
under the control of a controller, when a main shaft box body moves forwards, the gravity center of the box body tilts forwards, a displacement sensor sends a distance signal for detecting the forward movement of the box body to the controller, the controller starts a pressure pump through the signal, a first three-position four-way valve is switched to the left position, hydraulic oil in an oil groove flows to a first working oil port A through a first oil inlet P and enters a rodless cavity of a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, a first pressing plate is pushed to extrude the lower end of the box body to compensate deflection generated by the box body, after corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, the pressure of the first pressing plate acting on the box body is gradually increased to a corresponding value, the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve to the middle position, and the adjustment is finished;
after the box body of the main shaft box moves backwards, the gravity center of the box body tilts backwards, at the moment, a displacement sensor sends a distance signal for detecting the backward movement of the box body to a controller, the controller opens a pressure pump through the signal, a first three-position four-way valve is switched to the right position, hydraulic oil in an oil groove flows to a first working oil port B through a first oil inlet P and enters a rod cavity of a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, a first pressing plate is pushed to move towards the lower end of the box body, deflection generated by the box body is compensated, after corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, even after the pressure of the first pressing plate acting on the box body is gradually reduced to a corresponding value, the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve to a middle position, and the adjustment.
3. In the actual working process, the pressure pump can generate certain fluctuation due to the influence of some external factors in the process of outwards conveying pressure oil, certain errors can be generated due to the influence of the fluctuation, the regulating valve is arranged at the outlet end of the pressure pump, the pressure is regulated in real time through the regulating valve, the regulating valve is simple in structure, external force control is not needed, the pressure pump can be freely regulated, and the pressure regulating valve is very convenient and practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the regulator valve of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a forming die of a main spindle box body of the invention:
the reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a box body; 2. a main shaft; 3. a slide base; 31. a first seat body; 32. a second seat body; 4. a dynamic adjustment mechanism; 41. a first adjusting device; 411. a first adjusting seat; 412. a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder; 413. an oil sump; 414. a pressure pump; 415. a first oil port; 416. a second oil port; 417. a first platen; 418. a first pressure sensor; 419. adjusting a valve; 4191. a valve body; 4192. an adjustable valve core; 4193. a liquid inlet cavity; 4194. a liquid outlet cavity; 4195. an adjustment head; 4196. adjusting a rod; 4197. adjusting the spring; 4198. a limiting part; 4199. connecting ribs; 42. a second adjusting device; 421. a second adjusting seat; 422. a second adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder; 423. a third oil port; 424. a fourth oil port; 425. a second platen; 426. a second pressure sensor; 43. a first three-position four-way valve; 44. a second three-position four-way valve; 45. an adjustment device; 451. an adjusting seat; 452. an adjusting piston; 453. a pressure spring; 454. a first chamber; 455. a second chamber; 456. a communicating hole; 457. a diverter valve; 5. a box body mould; 51. a main pouring runner; 52. an auxiliary flow passage.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following description clearly and completely describes the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a headstock for a numerical control machine tool is arranged on a slide rail on a machine tool upright post in a sliding manner along a vertical direction as shown in figure 1, and comprises a box body 1, a spindle 2, a ram and a slide seat 3, wherein the spindle 2 is arranged in the box body 1, the ram is arranged on one side of the box body 1 and is arranged on the slide seat 3 in a sliding manner along a horizontal direction, and the slide seat 3 is arranged on the slide rail in a sliding manner;
the spindle box also comprises a dynamic adjusting mechanism 4 for adjusting the deflection deformation of the ram and the box body 1 caused by the change of the gravity center in real time when the ram and the box body 1 are suspended;
a first seat body 31 and a second seat body 32 are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the sliding seat 3, the first seat body 31 and the second seat body 32 are used for supporting the ram and the box body 1 and allowing the ram and the box body 1 to slide, the front ends of the first seat body 31 and the box body 1 are positioned on the same side, and the rear ends of the second seat body 32 and the box body 1 are positioned on the same side; the dynamic adjustment mechanism 4 includes a first adjustment device 41 disposed on the first seat 31 for applying an upward pushing force to the box body 1, and a controller for controlling an operating state of the first adjustment device 41.
Some existing devices adopt a side extrusion mode to compensate the box body 1, namely compensate the shift of the gravity center of a main spindle box through friction force, so that the power consumption is high and the efficiency is low; the present invention is improved, wherein the sliding seat 3 is provided with a first seat 31 and a second seat 32, the ram and the box body 1 are arranged on the first seat 31 and the second seat 32, after the box body 1 moves forward, the front side of the box body 1 has a tendency of inclining downward, which may cause the downward external force applied to the first seat 31 and the second seat 32 to incline forward, and a dynamic adjusting mechanism 4 for applying an upward thrust to the box body 1 to balance the box body 1 is arranged for the change of the external force.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the first adjusting device 41 of the present invention includes a first adjusting seat 411 located below the box body 1 and having an inner cavity, a first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 is disposed in the first adjusting seat 411, a piston rod end of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 extends out of the first adjusting seat 411 and then extends to a lower end surface of the box body 1, and the first adjusting device 41 further includes an oil groove 413 for providing a pressure medium; a pressure pump 414, the inlet end of which is connected to the oil tank 413 and the outlet end of which is connected to the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412, for supplying oil to the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412; the controller comprises a position sensor and is used for detecting the extending amount of the box body 1, converting the detected information and then sending the converted information to the PLC control unit; a hydraulic proportional valve disposed on a conduit between the pressure pump 414 and the first hydraulic cylinder 412; and the PLC control unit controls the state of the hydraulic proportional valve through the position information of the box body 1 detected by the position sensor so as to input corresponding oil quantity to the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 412 and control the piston rod of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 412 to apply upward thrust to the box body 1.
The first adjusting device 41 mainly comprises a first adjusting seat 411 and a first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 arranged in the first adjusting seat, after the spindle box moves forwards or backwards, the position sensor can detect the moving displacement of the spindle box and send a detected signal to the controller, then the PLC control unit controls the pressure pump 414 to work according to the specific value of the displacement of the box body 1, and after the hydraulic proportional valve, corresponding pressure oil enters the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 and drives a piston rod of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder to move, and according to the change of the gravity center of the box body 1, the pressure of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 on the box body 1 is changed accordingly and reaches a corresponding change value.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydraulic proportional valve of the present invention includes a first three-position four-way valve 43, wherein the first three-position four-way valve 43 has a first working oil port a, a first working oil port B, a first oil inlet P and a first oil return port T; the rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 is provided with a first oil port 415, the rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder is provided with a second oil port 416, the first working oil port a is connected with the first oil port 415 through a pipeline, the first working oil port B is connected with the second oil port 416 through a pipeline, the first oil inlet P is connected with the pressure pump 414, the first oil return port T is connected with the oil groove 413, when the first three-position four-way valve 43 is in the neutral position, each oil port is closed, when the first three-position four-way valve is in the left position, the first oil inlet P is communicated with the first working oil port a, the first oil return port T is communicated with the first working oil port B, when the first three-position four-way valve is in the right position, the first oil inlet P is communicated with the first.
The piston rod end of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 412 is provided with a first pressing plate 417, one surface, which is contacted with the box body 1, of the first pressing plate 417 is a smooth surface, the controller further comprises a first pressure sensor 418 which is arranged on the smooth surface and used for detecting the magnitude of the pressure value received, and the PLC control unit controls the state of the first three-position four-way valve 43 according to the pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor 418.
Because the proportional relation between the change of the gravity center of the box body 1 and the pressure oil input to the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 412 is simply difficult to accurately regulate and control by adopting a common hydraulic proportional valve, the invention adopts the three-position four-way valve and the first pressure sensor 418, and carries out accurate control through the combined action of the two valves, namely, the change of the gravity center of the box body 1 is converted into the pressure change of the box body 1 on the first adjusting device 41 positioned on the first seat body 31;
under the control of the controller, when the main spindle box body 1 moves forwards, the gravity center of the box body 1 tilts forwards, at the moment, the displacement sensor sends a distance signal for detecting the forward movement of the box body 1 to the controller, the controller turns on the pressure pump 414 through the signal, the first three-position four-way valve 43 is switched to the left position, hydraulic oil in the oil groove 413 flows to the first working oil port A through the first oil inlet P and enters the rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 412, the first pressing plate 417 is pushed to press the lower end of the box body 1 to compensate the deflection generated by the box body 1, and after the corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 412, even if the pressure of the first pressing plate 417 acting on the box body 1 is gradually increased to a corresponding value, the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve 43 to the middle position, and the;
when the main spindle box 1 is shifted backwards, the gravity center of the box 1 is tilted backwards, at this time, the displacement sensor sends a distance signal for detecting the backward shift of the box 1 to the controller, the controller turns on the pressure pump 414 through the signal, switches the first three-position four-way valve 43 to the right position, the hydraulic oil in the oil groove 413 flows to the first working oil port B through the first oil inlet P and enters the rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412, pushes the first pressing plate 417 to move towards the lower end of the box 1, compensates the deflection generated by the box 1, and switches the first three-position four-way valve 43 to the middle position after the corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412, i.e., the pressure of the first pressing plate 417 acting on the box 1 is gradually reduced to the corresponding value, and the adjustment is completed.
As shown in fig. 2, the controller of the present invention further includes a regulating device 45 connected to the outlet end of the pressure pump 414 for dividing.
The adjusting device 45 comprises an adjusting seat 451 having a cylindrical chamber therein and an adjusting piston 452 slidably and sealingly disposed in the adjusting seat 451; the adjusting piston 452 is in a circular truncated cone shape, a small end surface of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the adjusting seat 451 form a first chamber 454, a large end surface of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the adjusting seat 451 form a second chamber 455, and a pressure spring 453 is arranged in the second chamber 455; the adjusting seat 451 is provided with an oil outlet port A opposite to the small end face of the adjusting piston 452, an oil outlet port B opposite to the large end face of the adjusting piston 452, and an oil inlet port C located on the side face and communicated with the first chamber 454, the oil outlet port A is connected with a first oil inlet P through a pipeline, the oil outlet port B is connected with an oil groove 413 through a pipeline, the ring face of the adjusting piston 452 is further provided with a communicating hole 456 communicating the first chamber 454 with a second chamber 455, the adjusting device 45 further comprises a reversing valve 457 controlled by a PLC control unit, the reversing valve 457 is provided with two working ports and is respectively communicated with the oil outlet port B and the first oil inlet P, and the oil inlet port is connected with the outlet end of the pressure pump 414;
when the pressure pump 414 is started and the reversing valve 457 is switched to be connected with the oil inlet port C, the pressure oil output by the pressure pump 414 flows to the oil inlet port C, the pressure oil flowing to the oil inlet port C pushes the adjusting piston 452 to move towards the second cavity, the pressure spring 453 is pressed and the oil outlet port a is gradually opened, so that a part of the pressure oil in the first cavity flows out from the oil outlet port a and flows to the first oil inlet P, and the other part of the pressure oil flows to the second cavity through the communication hole 456 and flows out from the oil outlet port B;
when the reversing valve 457 is switched to connect to the first oil inlet P, the pressure oil output from the pressure pump 414 is directly delivered to the first oil inlet P.
Because the pressure pump 414 responds at a fast speed, the pressure applied to the tank 1 by the first pressure plate 417 is likely to increase too fast or decrease too fast, and thus the tank 1 is likely to fluctuate; in this regard, the adjusting device 45 is provided in the present invention, and the speed of the pressure oil entering the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412, that is, the rate of change of the pressure applied to the box 1 by the first pressing plate 417, can be effectively adjusted by the adjusting device 45.
For the adjusting device 45, the particularity of liquid is utilized, in a normal state, the liquid in the second chamber 455 in the adjusting seat 451 flows to the oil groove 413 through the oil outlet port B, the adjusting piston 452 moves to the first chamber 454 under the action of the pressure spring 453, the oil outlet port a is closed, when pressure reduction and deceleration are needed, the reversing valve 457 is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, pressure oil flows to the first chamber 454 through the oil inlet port C, because the aperture of the communication hole 456 between the first chamber 454 and the second chamber 455 is small, the pressure oil in the first chamber 454 flows to the second chamber 455 from the communication hole 456, meanwhile, the adjusting piston 452 is pushed to move and press the pressure spring 453, the oil outlet port a is gradually opened and flows to the first oil inlet port P from the oil outlet port a, and the pressure oil flowing to the second chamber 455 flows to the oil groove 413 from the oil outlet port B, thereby achieving the effect of shunting and decelerating; when the pressure change rate needs to be increased, the reversing valve 457 is directly switched to be communicated with the first oil inlet P.
The present invention further provides a method for controlling the adjusting device 45 when the first adjusting device 41 is operated, wherein the method is used for controlling the rate of change of the pressure applied to the box 1 by the first pressing plate 417, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve 43 to the left position or the right position, the adjusting device 45 is turned on, that is, the reversing valve 457 is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, and the pressure oil output by the pressure pump 414 flows to the oil inlet port C, wherein a part of the pressure oil flowing to the oil inlet port C flows to the oil groove 413 from the communication hole 456 and the oil outlet port B; the other part of the pressure gradually flows to the first oil inlet a through the oil outlet port a and respectively enters a rodless cavity or a rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 through the first working oil port a or the first working oil port B, so that the pressure of the first pressure plate 417 acting on the box body 1 is slowly increased or decreased;
after a period of time, the reversing valve 457 is switched to be communicated with the first oil inlet P, so that the pressure of the first pressing plate 417 acting on the box body 1 is rapidly increased or reduced; when the pressure of the first pressing plate 417 acting on the tank 1 gradually approaches the corresponding value, the reversing valve 457 is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, so that the pressure of the first pressing plate 417 acting on the tank 1 slowly increases or decreases again until the corresponding value is reached, finally, the first three-position four-way valve 43 is switched to the middle position, and the pressure pump 414 is closed.
More specifically, in the initial stage, after the pressure pump 414 is turned on, the reversing valve 457 is switched to be communicated with the first oil inlet P, and since the oil outlet port a is pushed by the pressure oil to push the adjusting piston 452 to press the pressure spring 453 to slowly open, the pressure oil flowing to the first oil inlet P gradually increases during the opening process of the oil outlet port a, and then reaches a stable state, so as to improve the adjustment efficiency, for this reason, the above-mentioned "after a period of time" can directly indicate the period of time when the oil outlet port a is completely opened, and after the period of time, the reversing valve 457 is switched to be communicated with the first oil inlet P, and further increases or decreases the pressure acting on the tank 1 at the maximum speed; when the pressure value detected by the first pressure sensor 418 gradually approaches the corresponding value, the reversing valve 457 is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, so that the pressure applied to the tank body 1 by the first pressure plate 417 is slowly increased or reduced again until the corresponding value is reached, finally, the first three-position four-way valve 43 is switched to the middle position, and the pressure pump 414 is turned off.
In the actual working process, the pressure pump 414 will generate certain fluctuation in the process of delivering pressure oil outwards due to the influence of some external factors, and certain error will be generated due to the influence of the fluctuation, and for this purpose, a regulating valve 419 is provided at the outlet end of the pressure pump 414, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the regulating valve 419 includes a valve body 4191 and an adjustable valve core 4192 provided on the valve body 4191, the valve body 4191 has a straight tube-shaped liquid inlet chamber 4193 and a tapered liquid outlet chamber 4194, the inner diameter of the liquid outlet chamber 4194 is gradually increased from inside to outside, wherein the adjustable valve core 4192 is provided in the liquid outlet chamber 4194, the adjustable valve core 419 includes a tapered regulating head 4195, a regulating rod 4196, a regulating spring 4197 and a limiting portion 4198, the limiting portion 4198 is fixed on the outer port of the liquid outlet chamber 4194 by a connecting rib 4199 provided around, the regulating rod 4196 is provided on the limiting portion 4198, the regulating head 4195 is provided on the regulating rod 4196, the adjusting spring 4197 is sleeved on the adjusting rod 4196 and pushes the adjusting head 4195 to move like the liquid inlet cavity 4193, so that the gap between the liquid outlet cavity 4194 and the adjusting head 4195 is reduced to reduce the output channel.
After the regulating valve 419 is installed on the outlet end of the pressure pump 414, after fluctuation occurs, when the pressure generated by the pressure pump 414 is reduced, so that the output flow is in a downward trend, at this stage, the pressure acting on the regulating head 4195 is reduced, and under the action of the regulating spring 4197, the regulating head 4195 is driven to move towards the liquid inlet cavity 4193, so that the output channel is reduced, and further, the pressure in the valve body 4191 is increased, so that the pressure in the pipeline is kept stable; when the pressure generated by the pressure pump 414 increases, so that the output flow rate is in an increasing trend, at this stage, the pressure acting on the adjusting head 4195 increases, and the increased pressure pushes the adjusting valve 419 to move and presses the adjusting spring 4197, so that the output channel increases, and the pressure in the valve body 4191 is further reduced, so that the pressure in the pipeline is kept stable.
Further, in order to further improve the compensation accuracy and efficiency of the center of gravity offset of the box body 1, the dynamic adjustment mechanism 4 of the present invention further includes a second adjustment device 42 disposed on the second seat 32, the second adjustment device 42 applies a downward thrust to the box body 1, and under the combined action of the first adjustment device 41 and the second adjustment device 42, not only the adjustment efficiency is improved, but also more importantly, the external force acting on the box body 1 can be distributed, thereby avoiding the deformation of the box body 1 after being stressed at the same position for a long time.
The second adjusting device 42 comprises a second adjusting seat 421 which is positioned above the box body 1 and is provided with an inner cavity, a second adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 422 is arranged in the second adjusting seat 421, a piston rod end of the second adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 422 extends out of the first adjusting seat 411 and then extends to the lower end face of the box body 1, the hydraulic proportional valve comprises a second three-position four-way valve 44, and the second three-position four-way valve 44 is provided with a second working oil port A, a second working oil port B, a second oil inlet P and a second oil return port T; a third oil port 423 is arranged on a rodless cavity of the second adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 422, a fourth oil port 424 is arranged on a rod cavity of the second adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, a second working oil port A is connected with the third oil port 423 through a pipeline, a second working oil port B is connected with the fourth oil port 424 through a pipeline, a second oil inlet P is connected with a first oil inlet P, a second oil return port T is connected with an oil groove 413, when the second three-position four-way valve 44 is in a middle position, each oil port is closed, when the second three-position four-way valve is in a left position, the second oil inlet P is communicated with the second working oil port A, the second oil return port T is communicated with the second working oil port B, and when the second three-position four-way valve 44 is in a right position, the second oil inlet P is communicated with the. A second pressure plate 425 is arranged on a piston rod of the second adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder 422, a second pressure sensor 426 is arranged on the second pressure plate 425, wherein the second pressure plate 425 and the first pressure plate 417 have the same structure, and the second pressure sensor 426 is electrically connected with the PLC control unit.
After the pressure pump 414 is started and passes through the reversing valve 457 and the adjusting device 45, pressure oil respectively enters the first adjusting hydraulic cylinder 412 and the second adjusting hydraulic cylinder 422, so that the first pressure plate 417 and the second pressure plate 425 move upwards and downwards or the first pressure plate 417 and the second pressure plate 425 move upwards synchronously, and therefore the compensation of the change of the gravity center of the box body 1 is accelerated.
The box body 1 of the main spindle box has a complex structure, thin wall and high strength requirement, so the casting difficulty is high. The general manufacturing method is that the box body 1 is filled with molten iron at first and is positioned on one side of the bottom of the lower sand box, and then the box body 1 is filled with molten iron at second and is positioned on one side of the upper sand box, so that gas, slag, floating sand and the like float on one side of the box body 1, and the box body 1 is easy to scrap due to the defects of air holes, slag holes, sand inclusion and the like; during pouring, the sand core in the casting mold is easy to dislocate, deform and even break under the buoyancy action of molten iron, so that the box body 1 is scrapped; therefore, a large number of sand boxes and cores are required, and the production cost is high.
To this end, the invention further provides a forming mold for the spindle box of the numerical control machine tool, as shown in fig. 4, the forming mold is used for processing the box body 1 of the spindle box, wherein the forming mold comprises a box body mold 5, the box body mold 5 is formed by bonding a plurality of box body sand blocks made of resin sand, a main pouring runner 51 is arranged on the box body mold 5, a plurality of auxiliary runners 52 are connected to the main pouring runner 51, and inner ports of the plurality of auxiliary runners 52 are respectively led to a cavity of the box body mold 5. The resin sand is adopted to manufacture the box body sand block, then the box body sand block is bonded to form the box body mould 5, the shape and the number of the box body sand block are designed according to the characteristics of casting and bottom pouring vertical casting, not only can the casting defect be reduced, the qualification rate of the box body casting blank be improved, but also the investment and the cost can be reduced; providing a plurality of auxiliary runners 52 in the main runner 51 can improve the processing efficiency.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention without any creative effort, so that: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a headstock for digit control machine tool, this main shaft (2) case sets up on the slide rail on the lathe stand along vertical direction slip, main shaft (2) case includes box (1), main shaft (2), ram and slide (3), main shaft (2) set up in box (1), the ram set up in one side of box (1) and along the horizontal direction slip set up in on slide (3), slide (3) slide set up in on the slide rail, its characterized in that: the main shaft (2) box also comprises a dynamic adjusting mechanism (4) which adjusts the deflection deformation of the ram and the box body (1) caused by the change of the gravity center in real time when the ram and the box body (1) are suspended and extended.
2. The spindle box for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: a first seat body (31) and a second seat body (32) are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the sliding seat (3), the first seat body (31) and the second seat body (32) are used for supporting the ram and the box body (1) and allowing the ram and the box body (1) to slide, the front ends of the first seat body (31) and the box body (1) are located on the same side, and the rear ends of the second seat body (32) and the box body (1) are located on the same side; the dynamic adjusting mechanism (4) comprises a first adjusting device (41) arranged on the first seat body (31) and used for applying upward thrust to the box body (1), and a controller used for controlling the working state of the first adjusting device (41).
3. The spindle box for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first adjusting device (41) comprises a first adjusting seat (411) which is located below the box body (1) and is provided with an inner cavity, a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412) is arranged in the first adjusting seat (411), a piston rod end of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412) extends out of the first adjusting seat (411) and then extends to the lower end face of the box body (1), and the first adjusting device (41) further comprises an oil groove (413) for providing pressure media; the inlet end of the pressure pump (414) is connected with the oil groove (413), and the outlet end of the pressure pump is connected with the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412) so as to supply oil to the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412); the controller comprises a position sensor and is used for detecting the extension amount of the box body (1), converting the detected information and then sending the converted information to the PLC control unit; the hydraulic proportional valve is arranged on a pipeline between the pressure pump (414) and the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412); and the PLC control unit controls the state of the hydraulic proportional valve through the position information of the box body (1) detected by the position sensor so as to input corresponding oil quantity to the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412) and control the piston rod of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412) to apply upward thrust to the box body (1).
4. The spindle box for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: the hydraulic proportional valve comprises a first three-position four-way valve (43), and the first three-position four-way valve (43) is provided with a first working oil port A, a first working oil port B, a first oil inlet P and a first oil return port T; the hydraulic control system is characterized in that a first oil port (415) is arranged on a rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412), a second oil port (416) is arranged on a rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder, the first working oil port A is connected with the first oil port (415) through a pipeline, the first working oil port B is connected with the second oil port (416) through a pipeline, the first oil inlet P is connected with the pressure pump (414), the first oil return port T is connected with the oil groove (413), when the first three-position four-way valve (43) is located at a middle position, all oil ports are closed, when the hydraulic control system is located at a left position, the first oil inlet P is communicated with the first working oil port A, the first oil return port T is communicated with the first working oil port B, when the hydraulic control system is located at a right position, the first oil inlet P is communicated with the first working oil port B, and the.
5. The spindle box for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: the controller also comprises a regulating device (45) connected to the outlet end of the pressure pump (414) for dividing.
6. The spindle box for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: the adjusting device (45) comprises an adjusting seat (451) with a cylindrical chamber inside and an adjusting piston (452) arranged in the adjusting seat (451) in a sliding and sealing mode; the adjusting piston (452) is in a circular truncated cone shape, a small end face of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the adjusting seat (451) form a first chamber (454), a large end face of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the adjusting seat (451) form a second chamber (455), and a pressure spring (453) is arranged in the second chamber (455); the adjusting seat (451) is provided with an oil outlet port A opposite to the small end surface of the adjusting piston (452), an oil outlet port B opposite to the large end surface of the adjusting piston (452) and an oil inlet port C which is positioned on the side surface and communicated with the first cavity (454), the oil outlet port A is connected with the first oil inlet P through a pipeline, the oil outlet port B is connected with the oil groove (413) through a pipeline, the ring surface of the adjusting piston (452) is also provided with a communication hole (456) for communicating the first chamber (454) with the second chamber (455), the regulating device (45) further comprising a directional valve (457) controlled by the PLC control unit, the directional valve (457) having two working ports, the oil inlet port of the oil pump is connected with the outlet end of the pressure pump (414);
when the pressure pump (414) is started and the reversing valve (457) is switched to be connected with the oil inlet port C, pressure oil output by the pressure pump (414) flows to the oil inlet port C, the pressure oil flowing to the oil inlet port C pushes the adjusting piston (452) to move towards the second cavity, the pressure spring (453) is pressed and the oil outlet port A is gradually opened, so that a part of the pressure oil in the first cavity flows out from the oil outlet port A and flows to the first oil inlet P, and the other part of the pressure oil flows to the second cavity through the communication hole (456) and flows out from the oil outlet port B;
when the reversing valve (457) is switched to be connected with the first oil inlet P, pressure oil output by the pressure pump (414) is directly conveyed to the first oil inlet P.
7. The spindle box for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: the piston rod end of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412) is provided with a first pressing plate (417), one surface, which is contacted with the box body (1), of the first pressing plate (417) is a smooth surface, the controller further comprises a first pressure sensor (418) which is arranged on the smooth surface and used for detecting the magnitude of a pressure value to be borne, and the PLC control unit controls the state of the first three-position four-way valve (43) according to a pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor (418).
8. A dynamic adjustment control method for a headstock for a numerical control machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific control steps are as follows,
the box body (1) is stretched forwards: when the box body (1) of the main shaft (2) box moves forwards, the gravity center of the box body (1) tilts forwards, the displacement sensor sends a distance signal for detecting the forward movement of the box body (1) to the controller, the controller turns on the pressure pump (414) through the signal, the first three-position four-way valve (43) is switched to the left position, hydraulic oil in the oil groove (413) flows to the first working oil port A through the first oil inlet P and enters the rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412), the first pressing plate (417) is pushed to extrude the lower end of the box body (1) to compensate the deflection generated by the box body (1), after the corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rodless cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412), even after the pressure acted on the box body (1) by the first pressing plate (417) is gradually increased to a corresponding value, the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve (43) to the middle position, finishing the adjustment;
the box body (1) retreats: when the box body (1) of the main shaft (2) is displaced backwards, the gravity center of the box body (1) tilts backwards, the displacement sensor sends a signal for detecting the backward displacement of the box body (1) to the controller, the controller turns on the pressure pump (414) through the signal, the first three-position four-way valve (43) is switched to the right position, hydraulic oil in the oil groove (413) flows to the first working oil port B through the first oil inlet P and enters the rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412), the first pressing plate (417) is pushed to move towards the lower end of the box body (1) to compensate the deflection generated by the box body (1), after the corresponding hydraulic oil is supplemented into the rod cavity of the first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412), even after the pressure acted on the box body (1) by the first pressing plate (417) is gradually reduced to a corresponding value, the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve (43) to the middle position, and (5) finishing the adjustment.
9. The method for dynamically adjusting and controlling the headstock for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 8, wherein: the above steps further comprise a step for controlling the rate of change of the pressure exerted by the first pressure plate (417) on the tank (1), which step comprises,
when the controller switches the first three-position four-way valve (43) to the left position or the right position, the adjusting device (45) is started, namely the reversing valve (457) is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, the pressure oil output by the pressure pump (414) flows to the oil inlet port C, and part of the pressure oil flowing to the oil inlet port C flows to the oil groove (413) from the communication hole (456) and the oil outlet port B; the other part of the pressure gradually flows to a first oil inlet A through an oil outlet port A and respectively enters a rodless cavity or a rod cavity of a first adjusting hydraulic oil cylinder (412) through a first working oil port A or a first working oil port B, so that the pressure of a first pressing plate (417) acting on the box body (1) is slowly increased or decreased;
after a period of time, the reversing valve (457) is switched to be communicated with the first oil inlet P, so that the pressure of the first pressing plate (417) acting on the box body (1) is rapidly increased or reduced; when the pressure of the first pressure plate (417) acting on the box body (1) is gradually close to a corresponding value, the reversing valve (457) is switched to be communicated with the oil inlet port C, the pressure of the first pressure plate (417) acting on the box body (1) is slowly increased or decreased again until the corresponding value is reached, finally, the first three-position four-way valve (43) is switched to a middle position, and the pressure pump (414) is closed.
10. The forming die for the spindle box for the numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 is used for machining a box body (1) of the spindle box, and is characterized by comprising a box body die (5), wherein the box body die (5) is formed by bonding a plurality of box body sand blocks made of resin sand, a main pouring runner (51) is formed in the box body die (5), a plurality of auxiliary runners (52) are connected to the main pouring runner (51), and inner end openings of the auxiliary runners (52) respectively lead into a cavity of the box body die (5).
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