CN112495984A - Hazardous waste solidification/stabilization comprehensive treatment method - Google Patents
Hazardous waste solidification/stabilization comprehensive treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment, and particularly discloses a hazardous waste solidification/stabilization comprehensive treatment method, which comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the hazardous waste and the auxiliary agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a stirring material, stirring the stirring material, the cement curing agent and the solidification auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming a building block after mixing and stirring, and then curing to obtain a solidified body; the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreezing agent, an accelerating agent and an adsorbent, and the solidification auxiliary agent comprises an active mixed material and lime.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a hazardous waste solidification/stabilization comprehensive treatment method.
Background
With the rapid development of economic globalization and industry, the discharge of hazardous wastes in the human production and living process is increasing day by day, and the hazardous wastes can seriously affect the ecological environment and even the human health, so the hazardous wastes must be treated in a centralized way.
The pretreatment is a pretreatment step of safe landfill of hazardous wastes, and the hazardous waste pretreatment comprises various measures such as crushing, neutralization, oxidation reduction, solidification/stabilization and the like, wherein the solidification/stabilization is widely applied to the pretreatment process of the hazardous wastes due to the characteristics of stable treatment effect, simple treatment process, low treatment cost and the like. In particular, the cement solidification technology is widely used due to simple solidification process and abundant material sources, but the traditional cement solidification technology needs to use a large amount of cement when processing waste with high water content, so that the waste has high capacity increase, which brings difficulty to subsequent transportation and treatment, and greatly improves the disposal cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of large solidification-compatibilization ratio in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive treatment method for solidifying/stabilizing hazardous wastes, which has the advantages of reducing the compatibilization ratio, realizing solidification/stabilization treatment of the hazardous wastes, and ensuring that a solidified body obtained after treatment has low leaching rate, meets the requirements of a landfill site and realizes harmless treatment of the hazardous wastes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a solidification/stabilization comprehensive treatment method for hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
mixing and stirring the hazardous waste and the auxiliary agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a stirring material, stirring the stirring material, the cement curing agent and the solidification auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming a building block after mixing and stirring, and then curing to obtain a solidified body;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreeze, an accelerator and an adsorbent, the solidification auxiliary comprises an active mixing material and lime, the addition amount of a cement curing agent is 15-25% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of water is A% of the hazardous waste, the original water content of the hazardous waste is B%, the sum of the A% and the B% is 25-35%, the addition amount of the chelating agent is 1-5% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of the retarder is 0-1% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of the accelerator is 0-1% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of the antifreeze is 0-1% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.05-1% of the hazardous waste;
the adding amount of the active mixing material is 3-5% of the hazardous waste, and the adding amount of the lime is 0-5% of the hazardous waste.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cement curing agent is used as the curing agent, the cement is used as an inorganic cementing material, a firm cement cured body is generated after hydration reaction, harmful ingredients are contained in a hydration product and are stabilized, landfill is carried out after landfill disposal requirements are met, normal operation of hydration is ensured by adding water, and through control of the proportion of the water, the cement curing agent and dangerous waste, the full hydration of the cement is ensured, and the bleeding phenomenon caused by overlarge water content can be prevented; in the process, the chelating agent is added to chelate heavy metals in the hazardous waste, so that the chelating agent plays a role of a stabilizer for metal ions and the like in the hazardous waste; the addition of the adsorbent can improve the quality of a finally formed solidified body on one hand, and can be matched with a chelate to realize chemical stabilization treatment on heavy metals in hazardous waste by a chemical precipitation method and an adsorption method on the other hand; the active mixed material contains CaO and/or Al2O3And/or SiO2Glass state mineral of the component, addition of active mixed materialAfter the surface is mixed with lime and water is added, a hydration product with gelling property can be generated, the solidification effect is further realized, the addition of the active mixing material can play a role in reducing the cement solidification-compatibilization ratio, the compatibilization ratio is reduced, the landfill volume is reduced, the final treatment capacity is increased, the cement setting time can be controlled by the addition of the retarder and the accelerator, and the materials can be conveyed, barreled or poured within enough time after being mixed.
In addition, in the treatment method provided by the application, the hazardous waste and auxiliary agents such as the chelating agent are stirred at first, are stirred uniformly and then are dry-stirred together with solidification auxiliary agents such as a cement curing agent and an active mixing material, and finally are added with water for mixing and stirring, so that Ca in cement can be avoided2+、Mg2+The plasma competes for stabilizing factors in the medicament, the treatment effect is improved, the quality of a solidified body is improved, and the operation cost is reduced.
In conclusion, the hazardous waste is converted into a highly insoluble stable substance through the inorganic hydraulic cementing material-cement and the chemical stabilizing agent, and the hazardous substances contained in the hazardous waste are not leached out in the solidified body, so that the purposes of stabilization, harmlessness and reduction are achieved.
Further, the chelating agent is selected from one or more of polyethyleneimine or sulfide.
Further, the sulfide is any one or a mixture of several of organic sulfide or inorganic sulfide.
Further, the organic sulfide is any one or a mixture of thiourea and trimercaptotriazine trisodium, and the inorganic sulfide is sodium sulfide.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when adopting above-mentioned sulphide, it is effectual to the chelation of metal, and the leaching rate of final solidification body is lower.
Further, the active mixed material is one or more of fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin, coal gangue, basalt, oil shale and ceramic waste.
By adopting the technical scheme, the active mixed material can play a role in curing assistance, the cement curing compatibilization ratio is reduced, the cement consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, the aim of treating wastes with wastes can be fulfilled by utilizing byproducts or waste materials of the fly ash, the slag and the coal gangue.
Further, the adsorbent is one or more of bentonite, attapulgite, zeolite or vermiculite.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, select for use above-mentioned adsorbent can play good absorption precipitation effect, be favorable to the stabilization effect.
Further, when the hazardous waste is incineration fly ash and residues, the chelating agent is thiourea, the active mixing material at least comprises fly ash, and the addition amount of water is 30% of that of the hazardous waste. By adopting the technical scheme, aiming at the incineration fly ash dangerous waste, the chelating agent selects thiourea, heavy metal ions in the fly ash or residues have strong affinity with sulfur ions in the thiourea, and the generated metal sulfide has low solubility, good stability and good solidification/stabilization treatment effect. In addition, heavy metals and dioxin are mainly contained in the incineration fly ash to be overproof, the main component of the fly ash contains silicon, aluminum and calcium, and the fly ash added into the active mixed material has good stabilizing and degrading effects on the dioxin.
Further, when the hazardous waste is other industrial solid hazardous waste except incineration fly ash and residues, the chelating agent is polyethyleneimine, the addition amount of cement is 25% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of water is A% of the mass of the hazardous waste, the original water content of the hazardous waste is B%, and the sum of the A% and the B% is 25%.
Further, the retarder is one or more of lignosulfonate and derivatives thereof, lignocellulose and derivatives thereof;
the accelerating agent is one or more of lime, calcined soda or bauxite.
By adopting the technical scheme, the construction period can be shortened by adding the accelerator, the quality of the solidified body can be guaranteed by adding the retarder, the cement setting time is controlled by adding the accelerator and the retarder, the initial setting time of the cement is controlled to be 2-4h, and the final setting time is controlled to be 24-48h, so that the sufficient time for conveying, barreling or pouring after materials are mixed can be guaranteed, and the treatment period is accelerated on the basis of guaranteeing the quality of the solidified body.
The retarder selects the lignosulfonate to have absorption and dispersion effects on cement, can improve the quality of a final solidified body, and can play a certain bonding effect, so that the finally obtained solidified body has excellent compressive strength and a lower compatibilization ratio, and the leaching rate is low.
Cellulose retarder such as methyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose has certain retardation, and when the chelating agent selects polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneimine can react with hydroxyl in cellulose and is subjected to cross-linking polymerization, and the two cooperate to ensure that the compressive strength of the finally obtained solidified body is better and the leaching rate is lower.
Further, the antifreezing agent is one or more of acid phosphate amine salt, alkylamine, fatty acid amide, organic acid ester and alkyl succinimide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the antifreezing agent is added as an auxiliary additive for construction at low external temperature such as winter during construction in winter, so that the problems that the setting time of the cement solidified slurry is prolonged at low temperature and the cement solidified slurry is difficult to solidify can be solved.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the hazardous waste is converted into a highly insoluble stable substance by taking the inorganic gelling hard material-cement as a curing agent and matching with chemical agents such as an adsorbent and an active mixed material, so that harmful substances contained in the hazardous waste are not leached out in a cured body, and the purposes of stabilization, harmlessness and reduction are achieved;
2. in the treatment method provided by the application, the hazardous waste, the chelating agent and other auxiliary agents are stirred at first, the hazardous waste, the chelating agent and other auxiliary agents are stirred uniformly and then are dry-stirred together with the cement curing agent, the active mixing material and other solidification auxiliary agents, and finally water is added for mixing and stirring, so that Ca in cement can be avoided2+、Mg2+The plasma competes for stabilizing factors in the medicament, the treatment effect is improved, the quality of a solidified body is improved, and the operation cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in detail in the following combinations and examples, in which: the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and the raw materials used in the following examples were obtained from ordinary commercial sources unless otherwise specified, and the percentages mentioned in the following examples are percentages by mass.
Aiming at the defects of high leaching rate and high compatibilization ratio of a solidified body solidified by cement in the prior art, the application provides an optimized solidification/stabilization treatment process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
mixing and stirring the hazardous waste and the auxiliary agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a stirring material, stirring the stirring material, the cement curing agent and the solidification auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming a building block after mixing and stirring, and then curing to obtain a solidified body;
wherein the addition amount of the cement curing agent is 15-25wt% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of the water is A wt% of the mass of the hazardous waste, the original water content of the hazardous waste is B wt%, and the sum of the A wt% and the B wt% is 25-35 wt%, and if the original water content of the hazardous waste to be treated is 10 wt%, only 15-25wt% of the water content of the hazardous waste to be treated needs to be added; if the water content of the hazardous waste to be treated is 0, namely no water is contained, the adding amount of the water is 25-35 wt% of the hazardous waste to be treated;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreeze, an accelerator and an adsorbent, wherein the addition amount of the chelating agent is 1-5wt% of the hazardous waste, the chelating agent can be a common chelating agent, forms a chelating action with heavy metal ions to wrap the heavy metal in a solidified body, preferably one or more of polyethyleneimine or sulfide, and has a better solidifying effect in the system, wherein the sulfide can be one or more of organic sulfide such as thiourea, trimercaptotriazine trisodium and the like, and also can be one or more of inorganic sulfide such as sodium sulfide;
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.05-1 wt% of the hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is one or more of bentonite, attapulgite, zeolite or vermiculite;
the addition amount of the retarder is 0-1 wt% of the hazardous waste, and the retarder can be one or more of lignosulfonate and its derivatives such as calcium lignosulfonate or sodium lignosulfonate, lignocellulose and its derivatives such as methyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose; the addition amount of the accelerator is 0-1 wt% of the hazardous waste, the accelerator can be one or more of lime, soda ash or bauxite, the setting time of the cement is controlled by adding the retarder and the accelerator, the initial setting time of the cement is controlled to be 2-4h, and the final setting time is controlled to be 24-48h, so that the materials can be conveyed, barreled or poured for enough time after being mixed, the curing quality is ensured, and the curing treatment time can be controlled;
the addition amount of the antifreeze is 0-1 wt% of the hazardous waste, the antifreeze selects one or more of acid phosphate amine salt, alkylamine, fatty acid amide, organic acid ester and alkyl succinimide as the main component of surfactant type antifreeze, and the antifreeze selects commercially available surfactant type antifreeze, so that the cement can be hardened at low temperature and the required antifreeze strength can be achieved during winter construction;
the solidification auxiliary agent comprises an active mixed material and lime, the addition amount of the active mixed material is 3-5 wt% of the hazardous waste, and the active mixed material is one or more of fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin, coal gangue, basalt, oil shale and ceramic waste;
the addition amount of lime is 0-5 wt% of the hazardous waste, the addition of lime can play a role in auxiliary solidification and reduction of compatibilization ratio, and the addition of lime needs to keep the pH value of a solidified body leachate obtained after final solidification/stabilization treatment to be 7-12 so as to meet the landfill pollution control standard of the hazardous waste.
When the hazardous waste is incineration fly ash and residues, thiourea is selected as a chelating agent, the solidification effect is better, the addition amount of the chelating agent is 1-5wt% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, the incineration fly ash and the residues do not contain moisture, so the addition amount of water is 30 wt% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, the solidification effect of the incineration fly ash and the residues under the system is good, heavy metals and dioxin in the incineration fly ash are over-standard, and in order to better degrade and stabilize the dioxin, the active mixed material at least comprises fly ash;
when the hazardous waste is other industrial solid hazardous waste except incineration fly ash and residues, the chelating agent is polyethyleneimine, the addition amount of cement is 25wt% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of water is A wt% of the mass of the hazardous waste, the original water content of the hazardous waste is B wt%, the sum of the A wt% and the B wt% is 25wt%, and the addition amount of the chelating agent is 1-5wt% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste.
In the method provided by the application, the hazardous waste is stirred with auxiliary agents such as chelating agent and the like, the hazardous waste is stirred uniformly and then is dry-stirred with solidification auxiliary agents such as cement curing agent and active mixing material, and finally water is added for mixing and stirring, so that Ca in cement can be avoided2+、Mg2+Stabilization factors such as S in plasma-contested agents2-The treatment effect is improved, the quality of the solidified body is improved, and the operation cost is reduced.
Example 1
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization treatment of hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:
mixing and stirring other industrial solid hazardous wastes except fly ash and residues with auxiliary agents, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, stirring the mixed material with a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming building blocks after mixing and stirring, curing, and performing watering curing in the curing process, wherein the watering frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
the cement curing agent is cement, the addition amount of the cement is 25% of that of the hazardous waste, the cement is P.O32.5 Portland cement, the original water content of the hazardous waste is 10%, and the addition amount of water is 15% of the mass of the hazardous waste;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreezing agent and an adsorbent, wherein the chelating agent is selected from polyethyleneimine and sodium sulfide, the addition amount of the polyethyleneimine is 1% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the sodium sulfide is 0.5% of the hazardous waste;
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.05 percent of that of the hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is bentonite;
the addition amount of the retarder is 0.5 percent of that of the hazardous waste, and the retarder is sodium lignosulfonate;
the addition amount of the antifreezing agent is 0.05 percent of that of the hazardous waste, the antifreezing agent is a surfactant type antifreezing agent mainly comprising one or more of acid phosphate amine salt, alkylamine, fatty acid amide, organic acid ester and alkyl succinimide, and concretely, the antifreezing agent is a type HD early strength antifreezing agent purchased from pioneer terrace engineering Limited company in the smoke bench city;
the solidification auxiliary comprises an active mixed material and lime, wherein the addition amount of the active mixed material is 2% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, the active mixed material is formed by using fly ash and ceramic waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 1% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the ceramic waste is 1% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste;
the addition amount of lime is 5% of the addition amount of hazardous waste.
Example 2
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization treatment of hazardous waste, which was carried out in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
mixing and stirring other industrial solid hazardous wastes except fly ash and residues with auxiliary agents, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, stirring the mixed material with a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming building blocks after mixing and stirring, curing, and performing watering curing in the curing process, wherein the watering frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
the cement curing agent is cement, the addition amount of the cement is 15% of that of the hazardous waste, the cement is P.O32.5 Portland cement, the original water content of the hazardous waste is 10%, and the addition amount of water is 15% of the mass of the hazardous waste;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent and an adsorbent, wherein the chelating agent is polyethyleneimine, and the addition amount of the polyethyleneimine is 1% of that of the hazardous waste;
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.5 percent of the hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is zeolite;
the solidification assistant comprises an active mixed material, the addition amount of the active mixed material is 3% of the hazardous waste, and the active mixed material is the mixture of granulated blast furnace slag and slag, and ceramic waste and stainless steel slag.
Example 3
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization treatment of hazardous waste, which was carried out in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
mixing and stirring other industrial solid hazardous wastes except fly ash and residues with auxiliary agents, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, stirring the mixed material with a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming building blocks after mixing and stirring, curing, and performing watering curing in the curing process, wherein the watering frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
the cement curing agent is cement, the addition amount of the cement is 25% of the hazardous waste, the original water content of the hazardous waste is 10%, and the addition amount of the water is 25% of the mass of the hazardous waste;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreezing agent and an adsorbent, the chelating agent is polyethyleneimine, the addition amount of the polyethyleneimine is 5% of the hazardous waste,
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 1% of hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is attapulgite;
the addition amount of the retarder is 1% of that of the hazardous waste, and the retarder is sodium lignosulfonate;
the addition amount of the antifreezing agent is 1 percent of the hazardous waste;
the solidification auxiliary agent comprises an active mixed material and lime, the active mixed material comprises fly ash and a mixture of granulated blast furnace slag and slag as well as ceramic waste and stainless steel slag, the addition amount of the fly ash is 2% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the mixture of the granulated blast furnace slag and slag as well as the ceramic waste and the stainless steel slag is 3% of the hazardous waste;
the addition amount of lime is 5% of the addition amount of hazardous waste.
Example 4
A comprehensive treatment method for solidifying/stabilizing hazardous wastes is carried out according to the method in example 1, except that methylcellulose is used as a retarder.
Example 5
A comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method is carried out according to the method in example 4, except that the chelating agent is selected from polyacetimide, and the addition amount of the polyethyleneimine is 1% of the hazardous waste.
Example 6
A comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method is carried out according to the method in example 5, except that sodium sulfide is used as a chelating agent.
Example 7
A solidification/stabilization comprehensive treatment method for hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
mixing and stirring other industrial solid hazardous wastes except fly ash and residues with auxiliary agents, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, stirring the mixed material with a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming building blocks after mixing and stirring, curing, and performing watering curing in the curing process, wherein the watering frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
the cement curing agent is cement, the addition amount of the cement is 20% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the water is 30% of the hazardous waste;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreezing agent and an adsorbent, the chelating agent is polyethyleneimine, the addition amount of the polyethyleneimine is 2% of the hazardous waste,
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.5 percent of that of the hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is bentonite;
the addition amount of the retarder is 0.5 percent of that of the hazardous waste, and the retarder is sodium lignosulfonate;
the addition amount of the antifreezing agent is 0.5 percent of that of the hazardous waste, the antifreezing agent is a surfactant type antifreezing agent mainly comprising one or more of acid phosphate amine salt, alkylamine, fatty acid amide, organic acid ester and alkyl succinimide, and concretely, the antifreezing agent is a antifreezing agent which is purchased from pioneer terrace engineering Limited company in the cigarette market and has the type of HD early strength antifreezing agent;
the solidification auxiliary agent comprises an active mixed material and lime, the active mixed material comprises fly ash and a mixture of granulated blast furnace slag and slag as well as ceramic waste and stainless steel slag, the addition amount of the fly ash is 1% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the mixture of the granulated blast furnace slag and slag as well as the ceramic waste and the stainless steel slag is 2% of the hazardous waste;
the addition amount of lime is 1% of the addition amount of hazardous waste.
Example 8
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization treatment of hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:
mixing and stirring incineration fly ash and residue hazardous waste with an auxiliary agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a stirring material, stirring the stirring material, a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming a building block after mixing and stirring, curing, and performing watering curing in the curing process, wherein the watering frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
wherein the addition amount of the cement curing agent is 15 percent of the hazardous waste, the cement curing agent is P.O32.5 Portland cement, the water content of incineration fly ash and residue hazardous waste is 0, and the addition amount of water is 30 percent of the hazardous waste;
the auxiliary agent comprises a chelating agent and an adsorbent, the chelating agent is thiourea, the addition amount of the thiourea is 1 percent of the hazardous waste,
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.5 percent of that of the hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is bentonite;
the solidification auxiliary comprises an active mixed material, the active mixed material comprises fly ash and ceramic waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 1% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the ceramic waste is 1% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste. .
Example 9
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization treatment of hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:
mixing and stirring incineration fly ash and residue hazardous waste with an auxiliary agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a stirring material, stirring the stirring material, a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming a building block after mixing and stirring, curing, and performing watering curing in the curing process, wherein the watering frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
the addition amount of the cement curing agent is 25 percent of the hazardous waste, the cement curing agent is P.O32.5 Portland cement, the water content of incineration fly ash and residue hazardous waste is 0, and the addition amount of water is 35 percent of the hazardous waste;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreezing agent and an adsorbent, the chelating agent is thiourea, the addition amount of the thiourea is 5 percent of the hazardous waste,
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 1% of the hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is zeolite;
the addition amount of the retarder is 1% of that of the hazardous waste, and the retarder is sodium lignosulfonate;
the addition amount of the antifreezing agent is 1% of the hazardous waste, the antifreezing agent is a surfactant type antifreezing agent mainly comprising one or more of acid phosphate amine salt, alkylamine, fatty acid amide, organic acid ester and alkyl succinimide, and specifically, the antifreezing agent is a HD early strength antifreezing agent purchased from pioneer terrace engineering Limited company in the smoke bench city;
the solidification auxiliary agent comprises an active mixed material and lime, the active mixed material comprises fly ash and a mixture of granulated blast furnace slag and slag as well as ceramic waste and stainless steel slag, the addition amount of the fly ash is 2% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the mixture of the granulated blast furnace slag and slag as well as the ceramic waste and the stainless steel slag is 3% of the hazardous waste;
the addition amount of lime is 5% of the addition amount of hazardous waste.
Example 10
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization treatment of hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:
mixing and stirring the hazardous waste incineration fly ash and residues with an auxiliary agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, stirring the mixed material with a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming a building block after mixing and stirring, curing, and performing watering curing in the curing process, wherein the watering frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
the addition amount of the cement curing agent is 20 percent of the hazardous waste, the cement curing agent is P.O32.5 Portland cement, and the addition amount of water is 30 percent of the hazardous waste;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreezing agent and an adsorbent, the chelating agent is thiourea, the addition amount of the thiourea is 2 percent of the hazardous waste,
the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.5 percent of the hazardous waste, and the adsorbent is zeolite;
the addition amount of the retarder is 0.5 percent of that of the hazardous waste, and the retarder is sodium lignosulfonate;
the addition amount of the antifreezing agent is 0.5 percent of that of the hazardous waste, the antifreezing agent is a surfactant type antifreezing agent mainly comprising one or more of acid phosphate amine salt, alkylamine, fatty acid amide, organic acid ester and alkyl succinimide, and concretely, the antifreezing agent is a type HD early strength antifreezing agent purchased from pioneer terrace engineering Limited company in the smoke bench city;
the solidification auxiliary agent comprises an active mixed material and lime, the active mixed material comprises fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag and slag, and a mixture of ceramic waste and stainless steel slag, the addition amount of the fly ash is 1% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the mixture of the granulated blast furnace slag and slag, and the ceramic waste and stainless steel slag is 2% of the hazardous waste;
the addition amount of lime is 1% of the addition amount of hazardous waste.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization treatment of hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:
mixing other industrial solid dangerous wastes except fly ash and residues with a cement curing agent and water, stirring, then adding a chelating agent, uniformly stirring, forming building blocks, and curing to obtain a cured body, wherein the chelating agent is sodium sulfide, the cement curing agent is cement, the addition amount of the cement is 20% of the dangerous wastes, and the addition amount of the chelating agent is 0.5% of the dangerous wastes.
Comparative example 2
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization of hazardous waste, carried out according to the method of example 1, with the following exceptions:
stirring other industrial solid dangerous wastes except fly ash and residues with a cement curing agent and a curing auxiliary agent, then adding water, stirring and mixing, then adding an auxiliary agent, mixing and stirring, building block molding, curing, and performing sprinkling curing in the curing process, wherein the sprinkling frequency is 1 time/4 h, so as to obtain a cured body;
the cement curing agent is cement, the curing auxiliary agent comprises an active mixing material and lime, and the auxiliary agent comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreezing agent and an adsorbent.
Comparative example 3
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization of hazardous waste, carried out according to the method of example 1, with the following exceptions: the auxiliary medicament does not contain an adsorbent.
Comparative example 4
An integrated process for solidification/stabilization of hazardous waste, carried out according to the method of example 1, with the following exceptions: the solidification auxiliary agent comprises an active mixed material and lime, wherein the active mixed material is formed by fly ash and ceramic waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 0.5% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the ceramic waste is 0.5% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste.
Performance detection
1. Industrial solid hazardous waste solidification/stabilization assay
The industrial solid hazardous waste feed materials of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were tested for leaching concentration (mg/L), and the results are shown in Table 1 below,
TABLE 1 test results of leaching concentration (mg/L) of industrial solid hazardous waste raw materials
| Item | Total mercury | Total lead | Total cadmium | Total chromium | Hexavalent chromium | Total copper | Total zinc |
| Raw materials | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out | 200 | 220 |
| Item | Total beryllium | Total barium | Total nickel | Total arsenic | Fluoride compounds | Cyanide compounds | — |
| Raw materials | Not detected out | 93 | 2.1 | Not detected out | 100 | Not detected out | — |
The cured body obtained after the treatment method provided in example 1 above was also tested for leaching concentration (mg/L), and the test results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 results of measurement of leaching concentration (mg/L) of solidified body in example 1
| Item | Total mercury | Total lead | Total cadmium | Total chromium | Hexavalent chromium | Total copper | Total zinc |
| Cured body | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out | 0.11 | 0.18 |
| Item | Total beryllium | Total barium | Total nickel | Total arsenic | Fluoride compounds | Cyanide compounds | — |
| Cured body | Not detected out | 0.01 | 0.07 | Not detected out | 0.61 | Not detected out | — |
In addition, the pH value of the industrial solid hazardous waste raw material and the leachate of the solidified body is detected, the pH value of the raw material is 8.60, and the pH value of the solidified body obtained after solidification/stabilization treatment is 9.70; in addition, the index of the compressive strength of the solidified body obtained after the solidification/stabilization treatment is also carried out, and the compressive strength of the solidified body obtained after the building block is formed and maintained for 10 days in the application is not less than 20MPa, so that the requirement is met.
The cured bodies obtained in examples 2 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured for leaching concentrations (mg/L) of total copper, total zinc, barium, nickel and fluoride, and the results are shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3 test results of examples 2 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 4
| Detecting items | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 |
| Total copper | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.34 |
| Total zinc | 0.35 | 0.84 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.75 |
| Total barium | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Total nickel | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
| Fluoride compounds | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.62 |
| Detecting items | Example 7 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Total copper | 0.15 | 23.78 | 15.48 | 7.91 | 4.78 |
| Total zinc | 0.15 | 18.79 | 8.74 | 5.74 | 8.47 |
| Total barium | 0.03 | 11.57 | 6.45 | 4.78 | 6.89 |
| Total nickel | 0.08 | 4.78 | 3.15 | 1.54 | 2.14 |
| Fluoride compounds | 0.67 | 3.45 | 2.23 | 1.23 | 1.56 |
As can be seen from the above tables 2 and 3, the leaching concentration of the solidified body obtained by treating the hazardous waste by the method provided by the application meets the requirements of hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard-GB 18598-2001, and can meet the landfill requirements of the hazardous waste, in addition, the retarder in example 4 is methylcellulose, the chelating agent is a compound of polyethyleneimine and sodium sulfide, the retarder in example 1 is sodium lignosulfonate, and the chelating agent is a compound of polyethyleneimine and sodium sulfide, and the solidified body obtained in example 4 has better quality; in the embodiment 5, the chelating agent is polyacetimide, and the retarder is methylcellulose, so that the curing effect is slightly reduced compared with the embodiment 4; in example 6, sodium sulfide is used as the chelating agent, methylcellulose is used as the retarder, and the curing effect is weaker than that in example 4, it can be seen that for industrial solid hazardous wastes, the chelating agent is polyacetimide, and when the methylcellulose is used as the retarder, the solidification body obtained by compounding the polyacetimide and the retarder is better in quality and low in leaching concentration, and the preferable chelating agent is polyacetimide and sodium sulfide. In addition, the optimized cured/stabilized cured body compatibilization ratio provided by the application document is reduced to 1.2-1.3, and is reduced compared with the conventional cement cured compatibilization ratio of 1.5-2.
Similarly, the test of the leaching concentration (mg/L), pH value and compressive strength of the solidified body obtained by solidifying/stabilizing the incineration fly ash and residue of the hazardous waste in examples 8 to 10 can satisfy the requirement of the pollution control Standard for landfill of hazardous waste-GB 18598-2001, and the chelating agent used in the treatment of the incineration fly ash and residue hazardous waste in examples 12 and 10 is more effective than the chelating agent used in the treatment of the incineration fly ash and residue hazardous waste.
In summary, the hazardous waste is treated by the method provided by the invention, toxic and harmful elements in the hazardous waste are stabilized in the curing material, the hazardous waste is safely and harmlessly treated, the hazardous waste treatment cost is reduced by 10% or more compared with the conventional process, the cost is low, the solidification volume of the hazardous waste after solidification/stabilization is reduced by 15% or more, the capacity increase ratio of a solidified body is reduced, the service life of a safe landfill is prolonged, the quality of the solidified body is improved, the leaching rate of the solidified body is low, and the safety is high.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solidification/stabilization comprehensive treatment method for hazardous wastes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing and stirring the hazardous waste and the auxiliary agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a stirring material, stirring the stirring material, the cement curing agent and the solidification auxiliary agent, finally adding water, stirring and mixing, forming a building block after mixing and stirring, and then curing to obtain a solidified body;
the auxiliary medicament comprises a chelating agent, a retarder, an antifreeze, an accelerator and an adsorbent, the solidification auxiliary comprises an active mixing material and lime, the addition amount of a cement curing agent is 15-25% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of water is A% of the hazardous waste, the original water content of the hazardous waste is B%, the sum of the A% and the B% is 25-35%, the addition amount of the chelating agent is 1-5% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of the retarder is 0-1% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of the accelerator is 0-1% of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of the antifreeze is 0-1% of the hazardous waste, and the addition amount of the adsorbent is 0.05-1% of the hazardous waste;
the adding amount of the active mixing material is 3-5% of the hazardous waste, and the adding amount of the lime is 0-5% of the hazardous waste.
2. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the chelating agent is any one or more of polyethyleneimine or sulfide.
3. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the sulfide is any one or a mixture of organic sulfide and inorganic sulfide.
4. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 3, wherein the organic sulfide is any one or a mixture of thiourea and trimercaptotriazine trisodium, and the inorganic sulfide is sodium sulfide.
5. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the active mixed material is one or more of fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin, coal gangue, basalt, oil shale, and ceramic waste.
6. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent is one or more selected from bentonite, attapulgite, zeolite, and vermiculite.
7. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein when the hazardous waste is incineration fly ash and residues, the chelating agent is thiourea, the active mixture at least comprises fly ash, and the water is added in an amount of 30% of the hazardous waste.
8. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein when the hazardous waste is industrial solid hazardous waste except incineration fly ash and residues, the chelating agent is polyethyleneimine, the addition amount of cement is 25% of the addition amount of the hazardous waste, the addition amount of water is A% of the mass of the hazardous waste, the original water content of the hazardous waste is B%, and the sum of the A% and the B% is 25%.
9. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the retarder is selected from any one or more of lignosulfonate and derivatives thereof, lignocellulose and derivatives thereof;
the accelerating agent is one or more of calcined soda or bauxite.
10. The comprehensive hazardous waste solidification/stabilization treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the antifreeze is a surfactant type antifreeze mainly comprising one or more of acidic amine phosphate, alkylamine, fatty acid amide, organic acid ester, and alkyl succinimide.
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| CN114225292A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 湖南军信环保股份有限公司 | Composite iron salt target chelating agent for treating waste incineration fly ash and use method thereof |
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| JPH07195055A (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1995-08-01 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Melt solidification method of waste incineration ash |
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