CN112493991A - 一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统 - Google Patents
一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,包括有:红外摄像头、传感器组、微控制器、有线通信模块、数据处理计算机和显示终端与报警提示模块。将红外摄像头与传感器组中的多传感器进行融合,能够更准确的对睡眠呼吸暂停症状进行检测,并能够直观地进行观察与提示。本发明提出的针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,能够通过红外摄像头来减少患者头部需要携带的传感器数量,并且将其他传感器定位在患者的四肢与躯干上,从而在检测过程中不影响患者的睡眠并让患者能够尽快进入睡眠状态。通过红外摄像头与多传感器融合的方法,利用YOLO算法、注意力机制、以及多传感器的输出数据来对患者是否存在睡眠呼吸暂停综合征进行检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于红外测量领域,具体涉及一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统。
背景技术
睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)是一种睡眠时候呼吸停止的睡眠障碍,指在连续7h睡眠中发生30次以上的呼吸暂停,每次气流中止10s以上(含10s),或平均每小时低通气次数(呼吸紊乱指数)超过5次,而引起慢性低氧血症及高碳酸血症的临床综合征,可分为中枢型、阻塞型及混合型。最常见的原因是上呼吸道阻塞,其临床表现为呼吸紊乱、血氧含量降低等,该现象往往伴随着大声打鼾、身体抽动或手臂甩动结束。睡眠呼吸暂停伴有睡眠缺陷、白天打盹、疲劳,以及心动过缓或心律失常等症状。
具体的发病原因主要有,“口腔咽部肌肉松弛导致器官堵塞”、“舌将口腔顶的软组织压在咽喉上”、“肥胖导致咽壁脂肪过多”、“下颌弓狭窄或下颌后缩畸形”、“年龄导致的咽部肌肉失调”、“扁桃体肿大”等。
在现有的技术下,常用的检测方法为睡眠时检测脑电图、肌电图、眼电图及呼吸气流流速,可记录呼吸暂停次数、时间的异常,有助于确诊睡眠呼吸暂停综合症。另外,可以通过肺功能、X线胸片检查来发现是否存在此类异常症状。
目前的技术都是通过接触式的多传感器融合来实现的,检测时被检测者的头部需要加装许多传感器,容易影响患者睡眠质量并导致被检测者难以入睡,从而无法尽快使系统满足工作条件。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,检测系统取消了头部所有接触式传感器,并减少了身体上的接触式传感器数量,通过一台固定于头部颈部上方的红外摄像头与四肢躯干位置的辅助传感器来实现睡眠呼吸暂停的检测。
本发明的技术方案为:一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,包括有红外摄像头,传感器组,微控制器,有线通信模块,数据处理计算机,显示终端、报警提示模块;
所述的红外摄像头为医疗红外摄像头,当患者平躺时,红外摄像头固定于患者头部与颈部上空,进而在视场内显示患者该部分的可见光图像与红外图像,通过数据处理计算机上的视频采集卡,对红外摄像头输出的图像进行采集并通过数据处理计算机中的GPU实现YOLO算法来追踪患者的面部、实现注意力机制算法来提取并增强患者呼吸气流温度数据;
传感器组包括指夹式血氧传感器、手腕脉率传感器和胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器;所述的指夹式血氧传感器固定于患者的指端,采集患者的血氧数据;手腕脉率传感器携带于患者的腕部,采集患者的脉率数据;胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器紧贴于患者的腹腔,用于获得患者的腹腔呼吸运动波形;三个传感器的输出通过微控制器的A/D转换后由模拟信号变为数字信号,并通过有线通信模块传输到数据处理计算机。
进一步的,所述的微控制器为stm32单片机,需要其A/D转换功能进行数据采样、串口功能进行数据传输,以及拓展I/O为报警提示模块中的蜂鸣器与警示灯进行控制,当传感器的输出值达到预先设定的阈值后,系统进行报警提示。
进一步的,所述的有线通信模块为RS232串口,能够实现微控制器与数据处理计算机之间的数据与指令通信。
进一步的,所述的数据处理计算机需要包括视频采集卡以及支持深度学习的显卡GPU,视频采集卡用于采集红外摄像头输出的红外图像,GPU用来实现注意力机制的相关智能算法。
进一步的,所述的报警提示模块包含蜂鸣器与警示灯,当传感器组测得的三项生理指标有两项超过提前设定的阈值时,蜂鸣器鸣叫、警示灯闪烁从而提醒医护人员患者目前处于睡眠呼吸暂停状态。
进一步的,数据处理计算机中包括头部区域红外图像检测模块:通过对头部的红外图像使用注意力机制来增强对患者鼻孔与嘴部的温度分布信息的关注,在该部分的红外图像中,选取温度变化频率与幅度最剧烈部分的数据作为患者的呼吸数据,将红外热图分为N个m*n的矩形框,m,n为矩形框的宽度和高度,求取每个矩形框内在t帧时刻的平均温度记为T帧内矩形框平均温度的平均值记为u,取t帧时方差:
反解σ2(t)取最大时的矩形框记作矩形框p,则p内的温度变化情况为患者的呼吸气流温度数据。
有益效果:
1)与现有技术相比,本发明中所述的方案移除了患者头部携带的所有传感器,并减少了患者身体躯干部分的传感器数量,能够减少传感器组对患者睡眠质量的影响,使患者尽快进入睡眠状态从而对患者是否处于睡眠呼吸暂停状态进行检测。
2)通过红外摄像头为主、传感器组辅助并将两者进行融合的方案,与现有的单一使用传感器组的技术方案相比能够提高对患者当前睡眠状态是否异常的判别准确性。
3)通过红外摄像头采集图像并将图像传送给数据处理计算机,通过算法提取到患者呼吸气流温度实时变化情况数据后将其绘制为波形图,在显示终端中进行显示,能够通过图像更直观明确的帮助医护人员对患者的睡眠呼吸状态进行观察,从而判断患者目前是否患有睡眠呼吸暂停综合症。
附图说明
图1为本发明的检测系统框图;
图2为传感器组示意图;
图3为本发明呼吸测试波形图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅为本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域的普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提出一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,包括有红外摄像头,传感器组,微控制器,有线通信模块,数据处理计算机,显示终端,报警提示模块。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述的红外摄像头为专用的医疗红外摄像头,当患者平躺时,红外摄像头固定于患者头部与颈部上空的悬挂固定装置,进而在视场内显示患者头部与颈部部分的可见光图像与红外图像,通过数据处理计算机上的视频采集卡,对红外摄像头输出的图像进行采集;
所述传感器组包括指夹式血氧传感器、手腕脉率传感器和胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器。所述的指夹式血氧传感器固定于患者的指端,采集患者的血氧数据;手腕脉率传感器携带与患者的腕部,采集患者的脉率数据;胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器紧贴于患者的腹腔,用于获得患者的腹腔呼吸运动波形;三个传感器的输出通过微控制器的A/D转换后由模拟信号变为数字信号,并通过有线通信模块传输到数据处理计算机;
所述的微控制器为stm32单片机,需要其A/D转换功能进行数据采样、串口功能进行数据传输,以及拓展I/O为显示终端以及报警提示模块中的蜂鸣器与警示灯进行控制,当传感器的输出值达到预先设定的阈值后,系统进行报警提示;
所述的有线通信模块为RS232串口,能够实现微控制器与数据处理计算机之间的数据与指令通信;
所述的数据处理计算机需要包括视频采集卡以及支持深度学习的显卡GPU,视频采集卡用于采集红外摄像头输出的红外图像,高性能的GPU用来实现注意力机制的相关智能算法;
所述的显示终端包含电脑显示屏,报警提示模块包括蜂鸣器与警示灯。
本发明的检测系统具体检测过程如下:
患者将整套系统穿戴好后平躺并进入睡眠状态,固定在患者头部颈部上空的红外摄像头采集可见光图像与红外图像,并通过视频采集卡送入数据处理计算机,通过在可见光图像中使用YOLO算法追踪到患者面部后定位到口鼻部后,在红外图像中使用注意力机制来增强对口鼻部呼出气流温度变化情况的关注度,从而观察呼吸数据是否具有周期性。
指夹式血氧传感器固定于患者的指端,采集患者的血氧数据;手腕脉率传感器携带于患者的腕部,采集患者的脉率数据;胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器紧贴于患者的腹腔,用于获得患者的腹腔呼吸运动波形;多传感器的输出通过微控制器的串口发送到数据处理计算机上进行显示,当数据达到预先设定的阈值时,系统进行报警,提示患者处于睡眠呼吸暂停的状态之中。
目前医用红外摄像头的灵敏度可达到0.05℃(由于呼吸造成口鼻部分温度变化的情况并不明显,因此需要灵敏度高的红外摄像头来获取该部分的红外图像从而提取患者呼吸情况的波形图),可以敏感地感知到图像中不同区域温度的差异。
从采集到的患者的头部尤其是口鼻部的红外图像中提取不同的信息,对患者的呼吸状况是否出现异常进行检测。
头部区域红外图像检测模块:通过对头部的红外图像使用注意力机制来增强对患者鼻孔与嘴部的温度分布信息的关注,在该部分的红外图像中,选取温度变化频率与幅度最剧烈部分的数据作为患者的呼吸数据,具体算法实现原理如下:将红外热图分为N个m*n的矩形框,m,n为矩形框的宽度和高度,求取每个矩形框内在t帧时刻的平均温度记为T帧内矩形框平均温度的平均值记为u,取t帧时方差:
反解σ2(t)取最大时的矩形框记作矩形框p,则p内的温度变化情况为患者的呼吸气流温度数据。正常睡眠情况下,人的口鼻会周期性的排出二氧化碳等呼吸作用产生的废气,可以通过测定该区域温度的周期性变化来检测呼吸作用是否正常,呼吸测试周期波形图见图3(纵坐标为归一化温度数据,横坐标为帧)。在红外图像中,可以测得区域内的温度,从而观察温度变化是否存在周期性,若患者进入睡眠状态后周期性减弱或消失,可以推断出患者的睡眠呼吸出现异常。由于人体呼出的气体气温与室温存在明显的差异,一般情况下,人体呼出的气体温度接近人体的体温,而室温在夏季高温环境之外都低于人体的体温,因此人体呼出气体的红外图像在室温背景的红外图像中能够清楚的显示出来(室温背景温度低,红外图像中颜色浅;人体呼出气体温度较高,红外图像中颜色较深)。
指夹式血氧传感器固定于患者的指端,采集患者血液中的氧气含量。在测量过程中,发射660nm与910nm两种不同波长的光,通过检测还原血红蛋白和有氧合血红蛋白两者对不同波长的光吸收的区别,所测出来的数据差就是测量血氧饱和度最基本的数据。
手腕脉率传感器携带于患者的腕部,用来检测动脉搏动时产生的压力变化,将之转换成可以被更直观观察和检测的电信号。将传感器的探头与动脉搏动较强的地方贴合,施加一定的压力,微压力材料可以将脉搏跳动的压力信号采集到并有电信号变化量产生,经过信号放大与调理电路处理后,可以得到脉搏跳动的完整波形,也可以进一步输出和动脉搏动同步的脉冲信号。
胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器是一种压阻式全桥传感器,携带时紧贴患者的胸腔,呼吸时胸腔的收缩能够使得传感器发生压力形变,从而将胸腹部呼吸运动转换成电量,输出后得到呼吸运动的波形。当患者处于睡眠呼吸暂停状态时,传感器输出的波形不具有周期性或周期性较差。
在微控制器内设定患者血氧、脉率的阈值,对胸腹部呼吸运动波形进行采样并将其与具有周期性的标准正弦波进行比对,当血氧传感器与脉率传感器的输出值低于设定阈值时记为异常状态,当胸腹部呼吸运动波形不具有周期性时亦记作异常状态,当以上三个传感器的数据中有两个及两个以上处于异常状态时,微控制器可以判断患者目前处于睡眠呼吸暂停状态中,使用微控制器的外围电路驱动蜂鸣器与报警灯进行报警提示。
尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行了描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明,且应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
Claims (6)
1.一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,其特征在于:包括有红外摄像头,传感器组,微控制器,有线通信模块,数据处理计算机,显示终端、报警提示模块;
所述的红外摄像头为医疗红外摄像头,该摄像头具有可见光成像与红外成像功能,当患者平躺时,红外摄像头固定于患者头部与颈部上空,进而在视场内显示患者该部分的可见光图像与红外图像,通过数据处理计算机上的视频采集卡,对红外摄像头输出的图像进行采集并通过数据处理计算机中的GPU实现YOLO算法来追踪患者的面部、实现注意力机制算法来提取并增强患者呼吸气流温度数据;
传感器组包括指夹式血氧传感器、手腕脉率传感器和胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器;所述的指夹式血氧传感器固定于患者的指端,采集患者的血氧数据;手腕脉率传感器携带于患者的腕部,采集患者的脉率数据;胸腹部呼吸运动波形传感器紧贴于患者的腹腔,用于获得患者的腹腔呼吸运动波形;三个传感器的输出通过微控制器的A/D转换后由模拟信号变为数字信号,并通过有线通信模块传输到数据处理计算机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,其特征在于:所述的微控制器为stm32单片机,需要其A/D转换功能进行数据采样、串口功能进行数据传输,以及拓展I/O为报警提示模块中的蜂鸣器与警示灯进行控制,当传感器的输出值达到预先设定的阈值后,系统进行报警提示。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,其特征在于:所述的有线通信模块为RS232串口,能够实现微控制器与数据处理计算机之间的数据与指令通信。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,其特征在于:所述的数据处理计算机需要包括视频采集卡以及支持深度学习的显卡GPU,视频采集卡用于采集红外摄像头输出的红外图像,GPU用来实现注意力机制的相关智能算法。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种针对睡眠呼吸暂停的红外摄像检测系统,其特征在于:所述的报警提示模块包含蜂鸣器与警示灯,当传感器组测得的三项生理指标有两项超过提前设定的阈值时,蜂鸣器鸣叫、警示灯闪烁从而提醒医护人员患者目前处于睡眠呼吸暂停状态。
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