CN112490677B - Narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface and regulating and controlling method thereof - Google Patents
Narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface and regulating and controlling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112490677B CN112490677B CN202011251647.3A CN202011251647A CN112490677B CN 112490677 B CN112490677 B CN 112490677B CN 202011251647 A CN202011251647 A CN 202011251647A CN 112490677 B CN112490677 B CN 112490677B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Abstract
The invention provides a narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface and a regulating and controlling method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electromagnetic metamaterials. The frequency selection surface is formed by periodically arranging structural units, a single structural unit sequentially comprises a first metal electrode, a first dielectric layer, a first metal patch, liquid crystal, a second metal patch, a second dielectric layer and a second metal electrode from top to bottom, and metal cylinders are arranged in the two dielectric layers. The frequency selection surface of the invention adopts the combination of the metal electrodes and the liquid crystal, and the voltage is applied to each metal electrode, thereby realizing the continuous narrow-band adjustment in the broadband high-frequency range, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic metamaterials, and particularly relates to a narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface and a regulating and controlling method thereof.
Background
The frequency selective surface is a periodic structure formed by resonance units according to a certain arrangement mode, has good spatial filtering performance, can transmit in-band electromagnetic waves and reflect out-band electromagnetic waves within the working frequency band of the antenna, and is mainly used for stealth antenna covers. In order to ensure the normal operation of the antenna, the frequency selection surface is required to be invisible to out-of-band signals and transparent to in-band signals, which also prevents the frequency selection surface from being invisible in-band. The frequency hopping antenna works at different frequencies at different moments, so that the frequency hopping antenna can avoid interference of enemies to the antenna as far as possible by switching working frequencies, the frequency selection surface energy is required to be changed along with the change of the working frequencies of the frequency hopping antenna, namely, the working state of the antenna housing can be changed in real time, and meanwhile, higher requirements are provided for the performance of the antenna housing. When the frequency hopping antenna works, a broadband antenna cover or a narrow-band continuously adjustable antenna cover is generally required to be equipped; the antenna housing working in the broadband ensures the working condition of the antenna and is easy to be interfered by enemies; the antenna housing with the continuously adjustable narrow band can ensure normal operation of the antenna and can reflect out-of-band electromagnetic waves as much as possible. In the current research on narrow-band continuously tunable or switching frequency selection surfaces, d.f. mamedes et al (d.f. ma mediums, a.gomes net, j.c. e silver and j.born emann, "Design of reliable frequency switching the PIN diode threshold region," in IET Microwaves, antennas & amplification, 12, No.9, pp.1483-1486,2572018) use PIN diodes to realize two states of switching of the frequency selection surface, thereby realizing operation at 4GHz and 8GHz, respectively; guo et al (Q.Guo, Z.Li, J.Su, J.Song and L.Y.Yang, "Active Frequency Selective Surface With Wide configurable pass band," in IEEE Access, vol.7, pp.38348-38355,2019) propose a varactor design scheme that enables the Frequency Selective Surface to be continuously narrow-band tunable between 2.92GHz and 5.74 GHz; however, in the above scheme, as the operating frequency increases, the influence of parasitic parameters of the diode gradually increases, so that the diode has a problem that the diode cannot operate at a high frequency.
Therefore, how to realize the design of the narrow-band continuously tunable frequency selection surface applied to high frequency needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface and a regulating and controlling method thereof. The frequency selection surface adopts the combination of metal electrodes and liquid crystal, and the voltage is applied to each metal electrode, so that the continuous narrow-band adjustability in a broadband high-frequency range is realized, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface is characterized by comprising m multiplied by n structural units, wherein the structural units are a first metal electrode, a first dielectric layer, a first metal patch, a liquid crystal, a second metal patch, a second dielectric layer and a second metal electrode from top to bottom in sequence; the widths of the first metal electrode, the first dielectric layer, the first metal patch, the liquid crystal, the second metal patch, the second dielectric layer and the second metal electrode are all equal, and the lengths of the first metal electrode, the first metal patch, the liquid crystal, the second metal patch and the second metal electrode are all equal; the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode are the same in size, the length is L1, the width is W1, and the height is H1; the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are the same in size, the length of the first dielectric layer is L2, the height of the first dielectric layer is H2, and the length of the first dielectric layer is larger than that of the first metal patch; two rows of metal cylinders with the same size are symmetrically arranged in the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer along the width direction, the distance between the two rows of metal cylinders is equal to the length of the first metal patch, the metal cylinders in each row are distributed at equal intervals, the interval is d1, the height of each metal cylinder is equal to the height of the dielectric layer, and the radius is R; the height of the liquid crystal is H3; the structural units of the first column and the nth column are not filled with liquid crystal and are used for packaging together with a dielectric layer.
Furthermore, the length of the narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface is more than or equal to 200mm, and the width of the narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface is more than or equal to 200 mm.
Further, when the length L1 of the liquid crystal and the metal patch is increased, the center frequency point of the transmission band of the frequency selective surface is shifted to a low frequency, and the bandwidth of the transmission band and the insertion loss have almost no influence.
Further, when the height H1 of the metal electrode is increased, the passband of the frequency selective surface becomes narrow, the insertion loss becomes large, and the center frequency point of the passband does not change.
Further, the size ranges of the first metal electrode, the first dielectric layer, the first metal patch, the metal cylinder and the liquid crystal in the structural unit are as follows: the length L1 is 2.6 mm-3 mm, the L2 is 4 mm-7 mm, the width W1 is 0.5 mm-1 mm, the height H1 is 0.15 mm-0.75 mm, the H2 is 0.3 mm-0.4 mm, the H3 is 0.015 mm-0.105 mm, and the radius R is 0.06 mm-0.09 mm.
Further, the sizes of the first metal electrode, the first dielectric layer, the first metal patch, the metal cylinder and the liquid crystal in the structural unit are preferably as follows: length L1 was 3mm, L2 was 6mm, width W1 was 1mm, height H1 was 0.75mm, H2 was 0.35mm, H3 was 0.075mm, radius R was 0.075mm, distance d1 was 0.33 mm.
Further, the frequency selective surface preferably includes 100 × 200 structural units, and the overall size of the frequency selective surface is: 200mm in length, 227.5mm in width and 6mm in height.
Further, the first metal electrode, the second metal electrode, the metal cylinder, the first metal patch and the second metal patch are made of the same material, and preferably made of copper, gold or silver.
Further, the liquid crystal was filled with a liquid crystal of TUD-026 type by Merck, Germany.
A regulating method of a narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface is characterized in that voltage is applied to metal electrodes above and below a liquid crystal to adjust the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, so that the wave-transmitting band of the frequency selection surface is controlled to be continuously adjustable.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adjusts the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal by applying positive and negative voltages to each metal electrode of the frequency selection surface, thereby controlling the continuous adjustability of the wave-transparent band of the frequency selection surface and having simple implementation means.
2. Due to the unique structural design of the liquid crystal adjustable frequency selection surface, when the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is changed within the range of 2.39-3.27, narrow-band continuous adjustment can be realized within the range of 26.6-30.8 GHz, and the gating property is high; and in the range of 26.6-30.8 GHz, the insertion loss is less than 0.5dB during narrow-band transmission.
3. The frequency selective material designed by the invention is formed by filling and combining the metal layer and the liquid crystal, and has simple structure realization and easy processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tunable frequency selective surface structure unit of liquid crystal according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the liquid crystal tunable frequency selective surface of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the results of L1 parameter simulation of the lengths of liquid crystal and metal patches
FIG. 4 is a graph of the results of H1 parameter simulation of the height of a metal electrode
FIG. 5 is a simulation result diagram of the frequency response S21 of the liquid crystal tunable frequency selective surface of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a graph showing simulation results of the frequency response S11 of the tunable frequency selective surface of the liquid crystal according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
A narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface is characterized by comprising m multiplied by n structural units, wherein the structural units are a first metal electrode 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a first metal patch 4, a liquid crystal 5, a second metal patch 6, a second dielectric layer 7 and a second metal electrode 9 from top to bottom in sequence; the widths of the first metal electrode 1, the first dielectric layer 2, the first metal patch 3, the liquid crystal 5, the second metal patch 6, the second dielectric layer 7 and the second metal electrode 9 are all equal, and the lengths of the first metal electrode 1, the first metal patch 3, the liquid crystal 5, the second metal patch 6 and the second metal electrode 9 are all equal; the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode are the same in size, the length is L1, the width is W1, and the height is H1; the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 7 are the same in size, the length is L2, the height is H2, and the length is larger than that of the first metal patch 4; two rows of metal cylinders 3 and 8 with the same size are symmetrically arranged in the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 7 along the width direction, the distance between the two rows of metal cylinders is equal to the length of the first metal patch, the metal cylinders in each row are distributed at equal intervals, the interval is d1, the height of each metal cylinder is equal to the height of the dielectric layer, and the radius is R; the height of the liquid crystal is H3; the structural units of the first column and the nth column are not filled with liquid crystal and are used for packaging together with the dielectric layer; the metal cylinder, the metal electrode and the metal patch form a shielding cavity to prevent electromagnetic waves from entering the dielectric layer (if the electromagnetic waves enter the dielectric layer, the performance of the frequency selection surface can be weakened), and therefore the wave transmission effect of the frequency selection surface is guaranteed.
In the unit structure of the frequency selective surface, when the lengths L1 of the liquid crystal and the metal patch in the unit structure are increased, the central frequency point of the transparent band of the frequency selective surface moves to a low frequency, the bandwidth of the transparent band and the insertion loss are hardly influenced, and the simulation result is shown in FIG. 3; when the height H1 of the metal electrode in the cell structure is increased, the passband of the frequency selective surface becomes narrow, the insertion loss becomes large, the center frequency point of the passband does not change, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 4. The liquid crystal volume increases significantly with increasing length L1 of the liquid crystal dimension, equivalent to an increase in dielectric constant, while small amplitude variations in the width W1 of the liquid crystal dimension have negligible effect on the performance of the frequency selective surface.
Example 1
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a frequency selective surface composed of 2 × 4 structural units. In this embodiment, the frequency selective surface is composed of 20000 structural units of 100 × 200 structural units, and the arrangement is extended as shown in fig. 2, wherein the 1 st column and the 200 th column are not filled with liquid crystal, and the region and the two adjacent dielectric layers are used together for filling the packaging material for packaging the liquid crystal. Wherein, the parameters of the structural unit are specifically as follows: the size parameters of the metal electrode, the dielectric layer, the metal cylinder, the metal patch and the liquid crystal are preferably as follows: length L13mm, 6mm for L2, 1mm for width W1, 0.75mm for height H1, 0.35mm for H2, 0.075mm for H3, 0.075mm for radius R, 0.33mm for distance d1, with the filled liquid crystal type TUD-026 liquid crystal from merck, germany, different liquid crystal types having different dielectric constants, which influence the tuning result of the frequency selective surface.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the frequency selective surface array has overall dimensions L × W × H, with a length L of 200mm, a width W of 227.5mm, and a height H of 6 mm.
The first metal electrode, the second metal electrode, the metal cylinder, the first metal patch and the second metal patch in the structural unit are made of copper.
The sizes in the embodiment 1 are all specific sizes which are calculated and optimized, and the wave-transmitting effect is deteriorated if the sizes are changed.
When the electromagnetic wave is vertically incident from the front of the frequency selective surface of this embodiment (as shown in fig. 2, incident along the + z direction), the frequency selective surface is equivalent to a spatial band-pass filter, and can exhibit continuous single-point wave-transmitting characteristics in the range of 26.6 to 30.8 GHz. The resonance frequency point is adjusted through the change of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, and can be continuously changed within the range of 26.6-30.8 GHz within the change range of the dielectric constant of 2.39-3.27. In addition, the frequency selective surface structure adopts liquid crystal as a part of a structural unit, so that the wave-transmitting effect is better, and the insertion loss value is smaller.
The results of electromagnetic simulation using planar electromagnetic waves incident perpendicularly from the front of the structure are shown in fig. 5 and 6, where the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is S-parameter. Fig. 5 is a diagram of a simulation result of S21, and a curve when the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal in fig. 5 is 3.27 is taken as an example, where a central wave-transparent frequency point is 26.65GHz, a corresponding 3dB absolute bandwidth is 0.82GHz, and a relative bandwidth is 3.3%, and the curve belongs to a narrow-band wave-transparent window. When the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is changed from 3.27 to 2.39, the narrow-band wave-transmitting central frequency point of the frequency selection surface is changed from 26.6GHz to 30.8GHz, the relative bandwidth is 14.63%, S21 corresponding to the wave-transmitting frequency point is greater than-0.5 dB, S11 is less than-20 dB, and good wave-transmitting characteristics are displayed.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (10)
1. A narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface is characterized by comprising m multiplied by n structural units, wherein the structural units are a first metal electrode, a first dielectric layer, a first metal patch, a liquid crystal, a second metal patch, a second dielectric layer and a second metal electrode from top to bottom in sequence; the widths of the first metal electrode, the first dielectric layer, the first metal patch, the liquid crystal, the second metal patch, the second dielectric layer and the second metal electrode are all equal, and the lengths of the first metal electrode, the first metal patch, the liquid crystal, the second metal patch and the second metal electrode are all equal; the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode have the same size; the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer have the same size, and the length of the first dielectric layer is greater than that of the first metal patch; two rows of metal cylinders with the same size are symmetrically arranged in the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer along the width direction, the distance between the two rows of metal cylinders is equal to the length of the first metal patch, the metal cylinders in each row are distributed at equal intervals, the height of each metal cylinder is equal to that of the dielectric layer, and the metal cylinders, the metal electrodes and the metal patches form shielding cavities; the structural units of the first column and the nth column are not filled with liquid crystal and are used together with a dielectric layer for encapsulation.
2. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface is greater than or equal to 200mm long and greater than or equal to 200mm wide.
3. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein said first metal electrode has a length of 2.6mm to 3mm, a width of 0.5mm to 1mm, and a height of 0.15mm to 0.75 mm; the length of the first medium layer is 4 mm-7 mm, and the height is 0.3 mm-0.4 mm; the height of the liquid crystal is 0.015-0.105 mm; the radius of the metal cylinder is 0.06 mm-0.09 mm.
4. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 3, wherein the first metal electrode has a length of 3mm, a width of 1mm, and a height of 0.75 mm; the length of the first medium layer is 6mm, and the height of the first medium layer is 0.35 mm; the height of the liquid crystal is 0.075 mm; the radius of metal cylinder is 0.075mm, and the interval between the metal cylinder of same row is 0.33 mm.
5. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 4, wherein said frequency selective surface comprises 100 x 200 structural units, and the overall dimensions of the frequency selective surface are: 200mm in length, 227.5mm in width and 6mm in height.
6. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein when the lengths of the liquid crystal and the metal patch are increased, the center frequency point of the transparent band of the frequency selective surface is shifted to a low frequency, and the bandwidth of the transparent band and the insertion loss are not affected.
7. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein when the height of the metal electrode is increased, the passband of the frequency selective surface is narrowed, the insertion loss is increased, and the center frequency point of the passband is unchanged.
8. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the first metal electrode, the second metal electrode, the metal cylinder, the first metal patch and the second metal patch are made of the same material and are copper, gold or silver.
9. The narrow band continuously tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the filled liquid crystal is a TUD-026 type liquid crystal.
10. A regulating method of a narrow-band continuously adjustable liquid crystal frequency selection surface is characterized in that voltage is applied to metal electrodes above and below a liquid crystal to adjust the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, so that the wave-transparent band of the frequency selection surface is controlled to be continuously adjustable.
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