CN112490656B - Small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability - Google Patents

Small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112490656B
CN112490656B CN202011423074.8A CN202011423074A CN112490656B CN 112490656 B CN112490656 B CN 112490656B CN 202011423074 A CN202011423074 A CN 202011423074A CN 112490656 B CN112490656 B CN 112490656B
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dielectric substrate
radiation unit
microstrip
circularly polarized
microstrip antenna
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CN112490656A (en
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史琰
张璇
王花杰
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Xidian University
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability, which is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate which are stacked up and down and have mutually overlapped geometric centers; the first dielectric substrate is positioned on the uppermost layer, and an upper layer radiation unit is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; the second dielectric substrate is tightly attached to the lower part of the first dielectric substrate; the third dielectric substrate is tightly attached to the lower part of the second dielectric substrate, a metal floor is printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a feed network is printed on the lower layer of the third dielectric substrate; the fourth medium substrate is tightly attached to the lower portion of the third medium substrate, and a lower radiation unit is printed on the lower surface of the fourth medium substrate. The microstrip antenna aims to realize miniaturization of the microstrip antenna on the premise of ensuring normal radiation of the antenna.

Description

Small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability, which can be used for various systems with positioning requirements.
Background
In current navigation positioning systems, antennas are used as core parts, and besides the requirement for circular polarization, along with the miniaturization of various radio components and the development of space technology, the requirement for reducing the size of the antennas is more urgent.
The microstrip antenna is an antenna formed by attaching a metal thin layer as a ground plate on one surface of a thin dielectric substrate and etching a metal patch with a certain shape on the other surface and feeding the patch by using a microstrip line or a coaxial probe, and is widely applied due to the advantages of small volume, light weight, simple manufacturing process, easy conformal property and the like.
Specific methods for realizing the miniaturization of the microstrip antenna include increasing dielectric constant, loading, meander, adopting a planar inverted-F and planar inverted-L structure, adopting a fractal structure and the like, wherein the increasing of the dielectric constant and the meander are the most effective and common methods. However, an excessively high dielectric constant not only increases the cost, but also causes a strong surface wave effect, which causes a problem that the front-to-back ratio of the microstrip antenna is deteriorated, and thus a large floor or a loaded AMC structure is required to solve the problem. The IEEE paper "Wideband antenna coupled microstrip patch with back loop reduction" by s.d. targonski, r.b. waterhouse and d.m. pozar proposes a reflector structure in which the microstrip antenna takes the form of a coupled slot feed and the reflection field of the reflector differs from the radiation field of the aperture by approximately 180 degrees. To ensure that a phase difference of 180 degrees is generated, the reflector is usually placed at a quarter wavelength below the radiator, which greatly increases the profile height of the antenna, thereby affecting the practicability of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a technical scheme different from the prior art conception, and aims to realize the miniaturization of a microstrip antenna on the premise of ensuring the normal radiation of the antenna.
The invention aims to realize the purpose, and the small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2, a third dielectric substrate 3 and a fourth dielectric substrate 4 which are stacked up and down and have mutually overlapped geometric centers; the first dielectric substrate 1 is positioned on the uppermost layer, and an upper radiation unit 5 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1; the second dielectric substrate 2 is tightly attached to the lower part of the first dielectric substrate 1; the third dielectric substrate 3 is tightly attached to the lower part of the second dielectric substrate 2, a metal floor 6 is printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3, and a feed network 7 is printed on the lower layer of the third dielectric substrate 3; the fourth dielectric substrate 4 is tightly attached to the lower portion of the third dielectric substrate 3, and a lower radiation unit 8 is printed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 4.
The thickness H1 of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 3mm, the thickness H2 of the second dielectric substrate 2 is 4mm, the thickness H3 of the third dielectric substrate 3 is 2.5mm, and the thickness H4 of the fourth dielectric substrate 4 is 2.5 mm.
The side length L of the upper layer radiation unit 5 is 0.199 multiplied by lambda0≤L≤0.205×λ0The side length d of the lower radiation unit 8 is 0.153 multiplied by lambda0≤d≤0.164×λ0Wherein λ is0Is free space wavelength, lambda, corresponding to GPSL1 frequency band0＝190.48mm。
The diameter phi of the cross section circle of the fourth dielectric substrate is 42mm-46mm, and the metal floor is square and has the size of 50mm multiplied by 50 mm.
The upper layer radiation unit 5 and the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 are superposed with each other; the centers of the lower radiation unit 8 and the fourth dielectric substrate 4 are coincident with each other.
The first dielectric substrate 1 stacked up and down is epsilonrThe second dielectric substrate 2, the third dielectric substrate 3 and the fourth dielectric substrate 4 are ∈ low dielectric substrates of 3.5rA high dielectric constant substrate of 10.2.
Rectangular bulges 51 from outside to inside are etched on four sides of the upper-layer radiation unit 5, the bottoms of the rectangular bulges 51 from outside to inside etched on the four sides form a regular quadrangle, and a rectangular perturbation bulge 52 is etched on one side of one rectangular bulge 51 on the four sides; the rectangular perturbation protrusions 52 are higher than the rectangular protrusions 51 and narrower than the rectangular protrusions 51.
Two H-shaped gaps 61 which are vertical to each other are etched on the metal floor 6; the two mutually perpendicular H-shaped gaps 61 are respectively positioned on two sides of the negative 45-degree diagonal line of the metal floor 6 and are symmetrically distributed.
The feed network 7 comprises two mutually perpendicular T-shaped feed lines 71, a Wilkinson power divider 72 and a metal base 73, wherein the Wilkinson power divider 72 starts from the lower end of a diagonal line with a negative 45 degrees and comprises a section of 50-ohm microstrip line 721, a quarter-wavelength impedance changer 722, an isolation resistor 725 and two microstrip lines 723 and 724 with unequal length and 50-ohm impedance, the microstrip line 723 and the microstrip line 724 are respectively connected with two tail ends of the impedance changer 722, and the microstrip line 724 comprises a U-shaped branch protruding downwards perpendicular to the horizontal direction; two ends of the isolation resistor 725 are connected between the microstrip line 723 and the microstrip line 724 respectively; the two mutually perpendicular T-shaped feeder lines 71 are respectively positioned on two sides of a negative 45-degree diagonal line of the metal floor 6 and are symmetrically distributed; the metal base 73 is connected with the IPEX joint and is connected with network feed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the miniaturization of the size of the antenna by using the high-low dielectric constant stack and the lower layer radiation unit, and realizes good circular polarization characteristic in the working frequency band by changing the shape of the patch and adding the perturbation adjustment axial ratio bandwidth.
2. According to the invention, the difference between the left-hand circular polarization of the upper layer radiation unit and the left-hand circular polarization of the lower layer radiation unit is close to 180 degrees, the field radiation is mutually offset, the right-hand circular polarization of the upper layer radiation unit is basically consistent with the right-hand circular polarization of the lower layer radiation unit, the field radiation is mutually superposed, the normal radiation of the antenna is ensured, the front-to-back ratio of the microstrip antenna is improved without a large floor, and finally the miniaturization of the antenna is realized in a working frequency band.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a metal floor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the feed network structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a graph of return loss simulation experimental data for the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of gain simulation experimental data for the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plot of axial ratio simulation experimental data for the present invention;
fig. 9a is the radiation pattern of the present invention in the 1.575GHz phi-0 degree plane;
fig. 9b shows the radiation pattern of the present invention in the 1.561GHz phi-0 degree plane;
FIG. 10a is a graph of the axial ratio beam width of the present invention in the 1.575GHz phi-0 degree plane;
fig. 10b is an axial ratio beam width plot for the 1.561GHz phi-0 degree plane of the present invention;
FIG. 11a is a left-hand circularly polarized radiation phase diagram of the upper and lower radiation units of the present invention;
FIG. 11b is a diagram of right-hand circularly polarized radiation phase of the upper and lower radiation units according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To explain the technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the embodiments will be described in conjunction with the detailed drawings:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2, a third dielectric substrate 3 and a fourth dielectric substrate 4 stacked up and down and having their geometric centers overlapped with each other; the first dielectric substrate 1 is positioned on the uppermost layer, and an upper radiation unit 5 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1; the second dielectric substrate 2 is tightly attached to the lower part of the first dielectric substrate 1; the third dielectric substrate 3 is tightly attached to the lower part of the second dielectric substrate 2, a metal floor 6 is printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3, and a feed network 7 is printed on the lower layer of the third dielectric substrate 3; the fourth dielectric substrate 4 is tightly attached to the lower portion of the third dielectric substrate 3, and a lower radiation unit 8 is printed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 4.
The thickness H1 of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 3mm, the thickness H2 of the second dielectric substrate 2 is 4mm, the thickness H3 of the third dielectric substrate 3 is 2.5mm, and the thickness H4 of the fourth dielectric substrate 4 is 2.5 mm.
In this embodiment, the side length L of the upper radiation unit 5 is 38.5mm, the side length d of the lower radiation unit 8 is 30.2mm, the diameter Φ of the cross-section circle of the fourth dielectric substrate is 43mm, and the metal floor is square and 50mm × 50mm in size. The metal material used in this embodiment is specifically copper.
The upper layer radiation unit 5 and the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 are superposed with each other; the centers of the lower radiation unit 8 and the fourth dielectric substrate 4 are coincident with each other.
The first dielectric substrate 1 stacked up and down is epsilonrThe second dielectric substrate 2, the third dielectric substrate 3 and the fourth dielectric substrate 4 are ∈ low dielectric substrates of 3.5rA high dielectric constant substrate of 10.2.
As shown in fig. 2, rectangular protrusions 51 from outside to inside are etched on four sides of the upper layer radiation unit 5, the bottoms of the rectangular protrusions 51 from outside to inside etched on the four sides form a regular quadrangle, and one rectangular perturbation protrusion 52 is etched on one side of one rectangular protrusion 51 on the four sides; the rectangular perturbation protrusions 52 are higher than the rectangular protrusions 51 and narrower than the rectangular protrusions 51.
Rectangular bulges 51 from outside to inside are etched on four sides to form a fractal structure, an effective current path is prolonged, a rectangular perturbation bulge 52 is etched on the upper right corner of the fractal structure, the axial ratio bandwidth is widened, and the standard below 3dB is met in the frequency band.
As shown in fig. 3, two H-shaped gaps 61 perpendicular to each other are etched on the metal floor 6; the two mutually perpendicular H-shaped gaps 61 are respectively positioned on two sides of the negative 45-degree diagonal line of the metal floor 6 and are symmetrically distributed.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the feeding network 7 includes two mutually perpendicular T-shaped feeding lines 71, a wilkinson power divider 72 and a metal base 73, the wilkinson power divider 72 starts from the lower end of a diagonal line of-45 °, and includes a section of 50-ohm microstrip line 721, a quarter-wavelength impedance changer 722, an isolation resistor 725, and two microstrip lines 723 and 724 with unequal length and 50-ohm impedance, the microstrip line 723 and the microstrip line 724 are respectively connected with two ends of the impedance changer 722, wherein the microstrip line 724 includes a U-shaped branch protruding downward perpendicular to the horizontal direction; two ends of the isolation resistor 725 are connected between the microstrip line 723 and the microstrip line 724 respectively.
The two mutually perpendicular T-shaped feeder lines 71 are respectively positioned on two sides of a negative 45-degree diagonal line of the metal floor 6 and are symmetrically distributed.
The small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna is characterized in that the metal base 73 is connected with an IPEX joint and is connected with network feed.
Example 2
The structure of this example is the same as that of example 1, and the following parameters were adjusted:
the side length L of the upper-layer radiation unit 5 is 38mm, the side length d of the lower-layer radiation unit is 30.3mm, the diameter phi of a cross section circle of the fourth medium substrate is 44mm, the metal floor is square, and the size of the metal floor is 50mm multiplied by 50 mm. The metal material used in this embodiment is specifically copper.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation conditions and contents:
1.1 referring to fig. 1, the antenna includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2, a third dielectric substrate 3 and a fourth dielectric substrate 4 stacked up and down, an upper layer radiation unit 5, a metal floor 6, a feed network 7 and a lower layer radiation unit 8, wherein the upper layer radiation unit 5 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, the metal floor 6 and the feed network 7 are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 3, the lower layer radiation unit 8 is printed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 4, and the feed line is connected with a metal base 73 through an IPEX connector.
1.2 with reference to fig. 6, 7, 8, the return loss, axial ratio and gain of the present invention were simulated using commercial simulation software ANSYS 19.2.
1.3 with reference to fig. 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b, a simulation calculation of the far field pattern of the antenna was performed using commercial simulation software ANSYS 19.2.
2. And (3) simulation results:
referring to fig. 6, the abscissa is frequency, the ordinate is reflection coefficient S11, the standard is S11 ≦ -10dB, the bandwidth of this embodiment 1 is 1.50-1.60GHz, and the frequency bands of GPSL1 and beidou L1 are covered.
Referring to FIG. 7, the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is gain, and the gain of the antenna is 2.03-3.67dBi within the axial ratio (3 dB) bandwidth.
Referring to FIG. 8, the abscissa is frequency, the ordinate is axial ratio AR, and with AR less than or equal to 3dB as a standard, the bandwidth of the invention is 1.54-1.67GHz, and covers GPSL1 and Beidou L1 frequency bands.
Referring to fig. 9a and 9b, the front-to-back ratio of the microstrip antenna is about 12.6 at 1.575GHz and about 12.5 at 1.561GHz, thereby ensuring normal radiation of the microstrip antenna.
Referring to fig. 10a and 10b, the axial ratio beamwidth of the present invention is about 182.48 degrees at 1.575GHz and about 153.64 degrees at 1.561 GHz.
Referring to fig. 11a and 11b, the phase difference between the left-hand circular polarization of the upper layer radiation unit and the left-hand circular polarization of the lower layer radiation unit is close to 180 degrees, the field radiations cancel each other, the phases of the right-hand circular polarization of the upper layer radiation unit and the right-hand circular polarization of the lower layer radiation unit are substantially the same, and the field radiations are superimposed.
The foregoing description is only a specific example of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations in form and detail can be made without departing from the principle and structure of the invention, but these modifications and variations will still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (1), a second dielectric substrate (2), a third dielectric substrate (3) and a fourth dielectric substrate (4) which are stacked up and down and have mutually overlapped geometric centers; the first dielectric substrate (1) is positioned on the uppermost layer, and an upper radiation unit (5) is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1); the second dielectric substrate (2) is tightly attached to the lower part of the first dielectric substrate (1); the third dielectric substrate (3) is tightly attached to the lower part of the second dielectric substrate (2), a metal floor (6) is printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (3), and a feed network (7) is printed on the lower layer of the third dielectric substrate (3); the fourth dielectric substrate (4) is tightly attached to the lower part of the third dielectric substrate (3), and a lower radiation unit (8) is printed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate (4);
the first dielectric substrate (1) which is vertically stacked is epsilonrThe second dielectric substrate (2), the third dielectric substrate (3) and the fourth dielectric substrate (4) are epsilon-3.5 low dielectric constant substratesrA high dielectric constant substrate of 10.2;
two H-shaped gaps (61) which are vertical to each other are etched on the metal floor (6); the two mutually vertical H-shaped gaps (61) are respectively positioned on two sides of a negative 45-degree diagonal of the metal floor (6) and are symmetrically distributed;
the feed network (7) comprises two T-shaped feed lines (71) which are perpendicular to each other, a Wilkinson power divider (72) and a metal base (73), wherein the Wilkinson power divider (72) starts from the lower end of a diagonal line of-45 degrees and comprises a section of 50-ohm microstrip line (721), a quarter-wavelength impedance changer (722), an isolation resistor (725) and two first microstrip lines (723) and second microstrip lines (724) which are unequal in length and have 50 ohms, the first microstrip lines (723) and the second microstrip lines (724) are respectively connected with two tail ends of the impedance changer (722), and the second microstrip lines (724) comprise U-shaped branches which protrude downwards perpendicular to the horizontal direction; two ends of the isolation resistor (725) are respectively connected between the first microstrip line (723) and the second microstrip line (724); the two mutually vertical T-shaped feeder lines (71) are respectively positioned on two sides of a negative 45-degree diagonal of the metal floor (6) and are symmetrically distributed; and the metal base (73) is connected with the IPEX joint and is connected with network feed.
2. The small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with locating capability of claim 1, wherein the thickness H1 of the first dielectric substrate (1) is 3mm, the thickness H2 of the second dielectric substrate (2) is 4mm, the thickness H3 of the third dielectric substrate (3) is 2.5mm, and the thickness H4 of the fourth dielectric substrate (4) is 2.5 mm.
3. The small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability of claim 1, wherein the upper layer radiation unit (5) has a side length L:0.199 x λ0≤L≤0.205×λ0The side length d of the lower layer radiation unit (8) is 0.153 multiplied by lambda0≤d≤0.164×λ0Wherein λ is0Is free space wavelength, lambda, corresponding to GPSL1 frequency band0＝190.48mm。
4. The small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with locating capability according to claim 1 wherein said fourth dielectric substrate (4) is cylindrical with a cross-sectional circle diameter of Φ: phi is more than or equal to 42mm and less than or equal to 46 mm.
5. The small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability according to claim 1, wherein the upper radiation unit (5) and the center of the first dielectric substrate (1) are coincident with each other; the centers of the lower radiation unit (8) and the fourth dielectric substrate (4) are superposed with each other.
6. The small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with the positioning capability according to claim 1, wherein rectangular protrusions (51) from outside to inside are etched on four sides of the upper layer radiation unit (5), the bottoms of the rectangular protrusions (51) from outside to inside etched on the four sides enclose a regular quadrangle, and one rectangular perturbation protrusion (52) is etched on one side of one rectangular protrusion (51) on the four sides; the rectangular perturbation bulge (52) is higher than the rectangular bulge (51) and is narrower than the rectangular bulge (51).
7. The small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with location capability according to claim 1, wherein the metal floor (6) is square and has dimensions of 50mm x 50 mm.
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