CN112490652A - X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna - Google Patents
X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112490652A CN112490652A CN202011308889.1A CN202011308889A CN112490652A CN 112490652 A CN112490652 A CN 112490652A CN 202011308889 A CN202011308889 A CN 202011308889A CN 112490652 A CN112490652 A CN 112490652A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses an X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna, and belongs to the field of wireless communication. The antenna comprises a dielectric substrate and a grounding plate, wherein a radiation patch is arranged on the dielectric substrate, a plurality of gaps are loaded at different positions of the extremely large structure and the metal patch by utilizing an asymmetric rectangular radiation patch on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, so that the geometric dimension of the antenna is reduced, the gain of the antenna is improved, and meanwhile, the frequency bandwidth of the antenna is also greatly expanded, meanwhile, the structure of the antenna is also very simple, and partial problems existing in the design of the current millimeter wave antenna are solved. The microstrip antenna has broadband resonance and high and far field radiation gain, has a very simple structure, and is easy for large-scale commercial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to an X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna.
Background
Wireless communication technology has been rapidly developed in recent years, and has progressed from initial analog wireless communication to present 5G wireless communication. And the dependence of people on wireless communication is getting stronger, and the production and the life of people can not leave the wireless communication at present. As an important component of wireless electronic communication equipment, an antenna plays a role in receiving and transmitting radio waves, and realizes interconversion between high-frequency current and electromagnetic waves. The demand for wireless communication devices is increasing, and particularly antennas in mobile wireless communication devices are also requiring constant updating.
The millimeter wave is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength within a range of 1-10 mm. An important advantage of the use of millimeter waves in wireless communication systems compared to low-band microwaves is that millimeter waves have a considerable available bandwidth, while the adverse effect is that water vapor and the like in the air causes strong absorption. For example, in the frequency spectrum range of 3-300 GHz, 57-64 GHz is the oxygen absorption band, and 164-200 GHz is the water vapor absorption band, but the potential available bandwidth is still 252 GHz. Currently, the millimeter wave frequency bands which are established in technical standards or are being researched mainly include 60GHz, 28GHz and 38GHz, and the globally usable bandwidth without license can reach 7GHz to 9GHz in the 60GHz frequency band.
The millimeter wave frequency band electromagnetic wave has many excellent characteristics, so that the millimeter wave frequency band electromagnetic wave is used as an alternative frequency band by a 5G wireless mobile communication system and can be widely applied to 5G or even 6G technology in the future.
Broadband wireless communication technology has many technical advantages, and thus can gain wide attention and be widely applied to many military and civil electronic communication devices. These technical advantages include: 1) the transmission rate is high, the bandwidth of the broadband signal reaches a plurality of GHz, and larger system capacity can be provided. 2) The penetration ability is strong, and the broadband electromagnetic wave has very strong ability of penetrating barriers such as leaves, and the broadband technique can also be used for ground penetrating radar and realizing partition wall imaging and the like. 3) The concealment is good, and because the transmission power of the ultra-wideband signal is very low, the signal is concealed in environmental noise and other signals and is difficult to be detected by enemies, the probability of interception and reconnaissance of the ultra-wideband signal is very low, and the ultra-wideband signal can be applied to stealth electronic equipment or secure secret communication. 4) The multipath resolution is strong, the ultra wideband signal is a pulse with short duration and low duty cycle, and the multipath components can be separated in time. The broadband system at the receiving end can realize the diversity reception of the multipath signals and reduce the performance loss caused by multipath interference. 5) The positioning ability is strong, and the distance resolution ability of the signal is in direct proportion to the bandwidth of the signal. The distance resolution accuracy of the ultra-wideband system can reach hundreds of times of that of other systems. 6) The system has simple structure, low cost and easy digitization. Due to the advantages of the broadband technology, the broadband wireless communication technology is widely applied to the fields of wireless communication, radar, detection imaging, high-precision positioning and even medical application. The broadband wireless communication technology has important application prospect and theoretical research value, and is generally seen by people in academic circles and industrial circles.
The performance of the broadband antenna directly determines the performance of the whole broadband wireless electronic communication system as a key component of the broadband wireless electronic communication system, however, the frequency bands of the broadband antennas commonly used at present are narrow, so that it is important to design a broadband antenna with excellent performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of narrow bandwidth, low antenna gain and complicated antenna structure in the prior X-band antenna technology in the prior art, and provides an X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an X-band multi-gap loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate and a ground plate arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein a feed transmission line and a radiation patch are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch is of an asymmetric rectangular structure, a rectangular notch is etched in the midpoint of one side of the short side of the radiation patch, the feed transmission line is arranged on an extension line of an edge line, and the edge line is a side edge of the radiation patch parallel to the opening side of the rectangular notch; the upper surface of the radiation patch is etched with a plurality of gaps.
Preferably, when two gaps are provided, the two gaps comprise a first gap and a second gap; wherein the first slot is located at the geometric center of the radiating patch, and the opening of the second slot is located at the mounting side of the feed line on the radiating patch.
Preferably, the first gap and the second gap are both rectangular; the vertical distance between the long side of the second slot and the edge line is larger than or equal to the width of the feed transmission line.
Further preferably, the size of the first gap is the same as the size of the rectangular notch; the size of the second gap is smaller than that of the first gap.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate is rectangular; the thickness of the dielectric substrate is greater than the sum of its length and width.
Preferably, the feed transmission line is a rectangular metal structure and is vertically installed on the lower side edge of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the middle point of the short side of one end of the feed transmission line is superposed with the central point of the lower side edge of the dielectric substrate, and the vertical long sides of the two sides are parallel to the two sides of the dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the grounding plate is rectangular, the length of the grounding plate is the same as that of the dielectric substrate, and the width of the grounding plate is the same as that of the dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the grounding plate is made of a metal material; the medium substrate is prepared from a polytetrafluoroethylene material; the radiation patch is made of a metal material.
Preferably, the width of the feed transmission line is 2 + -2% mm and the length is 20 + -3% mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses an X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate and a ground plate, wherein a radiation patch is arranged on the dielectric substrate, and a plurality of slots are loaded at different positions of the metal patch and the asymmetric rectangular radiation patch on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, so that the geometric dimension of the antenna is reduced, the gain of the antenna is improved, and the frequency bandwidth of the antenna is greatly expanded. The microstrip antenna has broadband resonance and high and far field radiation gain, has a very simple structure, and is easy for large-scale commercial application.
Further, the dielectric substrate and the grounding plate are both rectangular, the length of the grounding plate is the same as that of the dielectric substrate, and the width of the grounding plate is the same as that of the dielectric substrate. In order to increase the area of the grounding plate as much as possible, electromagnetic energy is radiated to one direction as much as possible, unidirectional radiation is realized, and meanwhile, the radiation characteristic of the grounding plate to a radiation structure on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate can be reduced.
Furthermore, a plurality of rectangular gaps are etched in the radiation patch to form a multi-gap loaded microstrip patch antenna structure, so that the antenna has the advantages of expanded resonance frequency bandwidth, improved radiation gain and relatively simple radiation structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of an X-band multi-slot loaded broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side view structure of an X-band multi-slot loaded broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an X-band multi-slot loaded broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna according to the present invention from the bottom;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of port reflection parameters (S11) with frequency, which is obtained by analyzing the X-band multi-slot loaded broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna of the present invention with three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software.
Wherein: 10-a dielectric substrate; 11-a radiation patch; 12-a rectangular notch; 13-a first slit; 14-a second gap; 15-a feed transmission line; 16-ground plane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in order to solve the problems of complex structure, limited resonance frequency bandwidth and low far-field radiation gain of a millimeter wave antenna, the invention designs a rectangular metal patch which is asymmetric relative to a feed transmission line as a radiation structure based on a microstrip structure.
Referring to fig. 1-3, an X-band multi-slot loading wideband millimeter wave microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 10 with a rectangular structure, a ground plate 16 covered on the entire lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10, a feed transmission line 15 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and a radiation patch 11 on the right side of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10. At the midpoint of the lower edge of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, a rectangular metal structure is processed as a radiation patch 11 by using a circuit board printing technology, so as to feed the antenna of the invention. The long side of the feed transmission line 15 is vertically placed, the lower short side is horizontally placed, and the midpoint coincides with the center point of the lower side edge of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10. A radiation patch 11 is processed in the right area of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10, four edges of the radiation patch 11 are respectively parallel to four edges of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the left edge is connected with the left edge of the feed transmission line 15 and is on the same straight line. The lower edge of the radiating patch 11 coincides with the upper edge of the feed transmission line 15. Several slits are etched at different positions of the radiation patch 11 by using a circuit board engraving technique. A rectangular notch 12 is etched at the right side edge of the radiation patch 11, and the midpoint of the left side edge of the rectangular notch 12 is just positioned on the horizontal middle line of the rectangular metal patch 11. The middle point of the radiation patch 11 is etched with a first gap 13, the geometric center of the first gap 13 is coincident with that of the radiation patch 11, and the long side is vertical and the short side is horizontal. A second slot 14 is etched along the right vertical edge delay line of the feed transmission line 15, i.e. at a distance W from the lower left corner of the radiating patch 11, and the left edge of the second slot 14 is aligned with the right edge of the feed transmission line 15. The left edge of the second slot 14 is spaced from the left boundary of the radiating patch 11 by the width of the feed transmission line 15.
Example 2
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
The thickness of the dielectric substrate 10 is much smaller than the length and width. The thicknesses of the radiation patch 11, the feed transmission line 15 and the ground plate 16 are negligible, and the radiation patch, the feed transmission line and the ground plate can be made of metal materials with good conductivity, such as copper, silver or gold.
The specific manufacturing process of the antenna structure of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a rectangular dielectric plate having a length W of 50 ± 3% mm, a width L of 50 ± 3% mm, and a thickness h of 1.6 ± 2% mm and made of polytetrafluoroethylene FR4 is selected as the dielectric substrate 10 of the present antenna. The polytetrafluoroethylene FR4 material has a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 +/-2% and a loss tangent of 0.02 +/-2%. By using the circuit board printing technique, a metal layer with a negligible thickness is printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10 as the ground plate 16 of the antenna of the present invention. The thickness of the metal of the ground plate 16 is negligible, and the metal material may be copper, silver, gold or other material with good conductivity. A rectangular feed transmission line 15 is printed near the center of the lower edge of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the width of the feed transmission line 15 is 2 +/-2% mm, the length of the feed transmission line 15 is 20 +/-3% mm, and the center line of the lower edge of the feed transmission line 15 is overlapped with the lower edge of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10. Near the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10, a radiation patch 11 with a length of 20 +/-3% mm and a width of 20 +/-3% mm is printed, and the thickness of the radiation patch 11 is negligible. By utilizing the circuit board engraving technology, a rectangular notch 12 with the length of 10 +/-3% mm and the width of 4 +/-2% mm is etched near the midpoint of the edge of the right side of the radiation patch 11, and the rectangular notch 12 is just positioned at the midpoint of the edge of the right side of the upper surface of the radiation patch 11. A first gap 13 with the length of 10 +/-3% mm and the width of 4 +/-2% mm is etched in the geometric center of the radiation patch 11, and the size and the direction of the first gap 13 are completely the same as those of the rectangular notch 12. Near the upper right edge of the feed transmission line 15, a second gap 14 with the length of 5 +/-2% mm and the width of 1 +/-2% mm is etched in the radiation patch 11. The left side edge of the elongated rectangular slot 14 is 2 +/-2% mm away from the left side boundary of the radiating patch 11, namely the left side edge of the elongated rectangular slot 14 and the right side edge of the rectangular feed patch 15 are on the same straight line. Thus finishing the processing and manufacturing of the designed antenna.
In the above, the metal material of all the patch structures may be copper, silver, gold or other material with good electrical conductivity.
The results of simulation analysis of the X-band multi-slot loaded broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna of the invention are shown in FIG. 4, and the results show that the millimeter wave microstrip antenna of the invention can be used for wireless signal transmission in the frequency band of 8.56 + -2% GHz-11.27 + -2% GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 27.3 + -1%. The antenna can resonate at four frequency points in a working frequency band, and the far-field radiation gain of the antenna reaches 11.06 +/-2 percent dBi at the fourth resonant frequency point. Namely, the millimeter wave antenna of the invention is a broadband high-gain antenna. Meanwhile, the antenna designed by the invention is a microstrip structure antenna and has the characteristic of unidirectional radiation, which is one of the reasons for obtaining high remote radiation gain.
In summary, the X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna designed by the invention is a microstrip structure antenna, has a simple structure, is a broadband high-gain antenna, is made of a medium substrate material, is low in commercial cost and small in processing error, and is a millimeter wave microstrip structure antenna with good performance and capable of being applied in a large scale.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The X-band multi-gap loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (10) and a grounding plate (16) arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (10), wherein a feed transmission line (15) and a radiation patch (11) are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (10), the radiation patch (11) is of an asymmetric rectangular structure, a rectangular notch (12) is etched in the middle point of one side of the short side of the radiation patch (11), the feed transmission line (15) is arranged on an extension line of an edge line, and the edge line is one side edge of the radiation patch (11) parallel to the opening side of the rectangular notch (12); the upper surface of the radiation patch (11) is etched with a plurality of gaps.
2. The X-band multi-slot loaded wideband millimeter wave microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the slot comprises a first slot (13) and a second slot (14) when there are two slots; wherein the first slot (13) is positioned at the geometric center of the radiation patch (11), and the opening of the second slot (14) is positioned at the installation side of the feed transmission line (15) on the radiation patch (11).
3. The X-band multi-slot loaded wideband millimeter wave microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the first slot (13) and the second slot (14) are both rectangular; the vertical distance between the long side of the second slot (14) and the edge line is greater than or equal to the width of the feed transmission line (15).
4. The X-band multi-slot loaded wideband millimeter wave microstrip antenna of claim 2, wherein the size of the first slot (13) is the same as the size of the rectangular notch (12); the size of the second gap (14) is smaller than the size of the first gap (13).
5. The X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (10) is a rectangular parallelepiped structure; the thickness of the dielectric substrate (10) is greater than the sum of its length and width.
6. The X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed transmission line (15) is a rectangular metal structure and is vertically installed at the lower edge of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (10), the middle point of the short side of one end of the feed transmission line (15) coincides with the central point of the lower edge of the dielectric substrate, and the vertical long sides at two sides are parallel to the two sides of the dielectric substrate (10).
7. The X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the ground plate (16) is rectangular, the length of the ground plate (16) is the same as the length of the dielectric substrate (10), and the width of the ground plate (16) is the same as the width of the dielectric substrate (10).
8. The X-band multi-slot loading broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the ground plate (16) is made of a metal material; the medium substrate (10) is prepared from a polytetrafluoroethylene material; the radiation patch (11) is made of a metal material.
9. The X-band multi-slot loaded wideband millimeter wave microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed transmission line (15) has a width of 2 ± 2% mm and a length of 20 ± 3% mm.
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| CN202011308889.1A CN112490652B (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2020-11-19 | X-band multi-slot loaded broadband millimeter wave microstrip antenna |
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| CN113794045A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-14 | 天津大学 | Vivaldi antenna of loading director |
| CN115377690A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-11-22 | 电子科技大学 | Annular broadband circularly polarized on-chip antenna applied to millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar |
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| CN113794045A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-14 | 天津大学 | Vivaldi antenna of loading director |
| CN113794045B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | 天津大学 | Vivaldi antenna for loading director |
| CN115377690A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-11-22 | 电子科技大学 | Annular broadband circularly polarized on-chip antenna applied to millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar |
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