CN112490327A - Manufacturing method of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN112490327A CN112490327A CN202011364050.XA CN202011364050A CN112490327A CN 112490327 A CN112490327 A CN 112490327A CN 202011364050 A CN202011364050 A CN 202011364050A CN 112490327 A CN112490327 A CN 112490327A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic module manufacturing method which comprises the steps of laying, laminating, cooling and mounting a junction box. When laying, the front glass is placed horizontally, the front EVA is placed on the front glass transversely in the middle, two edges of the EVA are placed on two sides of the front glass relatively, the distance between the two edges of the front EVA is D1, the distance between the two edges of the front glass is D2, the edges of the front glass are transparent pre-crosslinked EVA of a V type, the edges of the front glass are fixed by adhesive tapes, the positions of the edges of the front EVA and the front EVA are opposite, the back EVA is placed on the battery string transversely in the middle, the distance between the back EVA and the edge EVA is D4, the battery string at the edge position is placed inside the V type of the edge EVA, the overlapping distance between the two is D3, and. The invention can solve the problems of edge cell string drifting and the like after the double-glass photovoltaic module is laminated, and simultaneously reduces the optical loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module production, in particular to a double-glass photovoltaic module.
Background
Solar cells are receiving wide attention all over the world as a new green and environmentally friendly energy source. The development of the global photovoltaic industry is very rapid, and the domestic photovoltaic industry is continuously developed and strengthened.
The existing photovoltaic module is produced by laminating and packaging glass, a packaging adhesive film, a photovoltaic cell string and a back plate into a whole through high temperature and high pressure, and the double-glass module back plate is made of glass. Because positive and negative both sides are glass, for the rigidity material, at the lamination in-process, the edge receives pressure great, can cause the battery cluster that is in long limit edge to drift along with the encapsulation glued membrane to the subassembly inboard, takes place the displacement, and the lamination back battery piece interval reduces, unsatisfied electric clearance's requirement. At present, the technical means adopted for solving the problem are as follows: in the lamination process, use the frock in the long limit both sides of dual-glass photovoltaic module, this frock is rectangular shape, and with subassembly edge parallel placement in long limit both sides, through certain thickness, support the photovoltaic module edge in order to reduce the edge excessive pressure condition for the marginal battery cluster is unanimous with the pressure that other positions of subassembly received, therefore has avoided the displacement. The main problems of the prior art are: 1. the operation is complex, the time and the labor are consumed, and the production capacity is influenced; 2. the laminating tool is easy to operate and miss, so that the photovoltaic module is scrapped due to broken glass during lamination; 3. the laminating tool is high in price, the laminating tool is generally made of materials such as aluminum alloy or bakelite, the service life is limited, and the manufacturing cost of the double-glass photovoltaic module is increased. In addition, due to the existence of glass and packaging materials, the light transmittance is reduced after lamination, and the natural light reaching the surface of the photovoltaic cell is reduced, so that optical loss is caused, and the output power of the photovoltaic module is influenced.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel manufacturing method to solve the various drawbacks of the existing dual glass assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, to solve the problems in the prior art, the specific scheme includes the following steps:
s1 laying a photovoltaic module;
s1.1, horizontally placing front glass 10, and centrally placing front EVA20 on the front glass 10;
s1.2, oppositely placing two edges of EVA30 on two sides of the front glass 10, wherein the distance between the two edges of EVA30 and the front glass 20 is D1, the distance between the two edges of the front glass 10 is D2, and the edges of EVA30 are V-shaped transparent pre-crosslinked EVA;
s1.3, fixing the position of the edge EVA30 opposite to the front EVA20 by using an adhesive tape 40;
s1.4, laying a plurality of battery strings 50 on the front EVA20 according to assembly requirements, wherein the battery strings 50 are placed in the same direction as the edge EVA 30;
s1.5, transversely and centrally placing back EVA60 on the plurality of battery strings 50, and adjusting the distance between back EVA60 and the edge EVA30 to be D4; placing the battery string 50 at the edge position inside the V-shape of the edge EVA30 with an overlap distance D3;
s1.6 covering the back glass 70;
s2, placing the laid photovoltaic module into a laminating machine for laminating;
specifically, the process parameters are as follows:
and cooling the laminated photovoltaic module S3.
Specifically, the edge EVA is a pre-crosslinked transparent EVA prepared by an electron irradiation technology.
Specifically, the pre-crosslinking degree of the edge EVA is 70-75%.
Specifically, the distance D1 between the edge EVA30 and the front EVA20 ranges from 0.5 mm to 3mm, and the distance D4 between the edge EVA30 and the back EVA20 ranges from 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
Specifically, the distance D2 between the edge EVA30 and the front glass 10 ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm.
Specifically, the edge EVA30 overlaps the front and back surfaces of the battery string 50 at the edge position by a distance D3 of not less than 10 mm.
Specifically, the front EVA20 and the back EVA60 are non-pre-crosslinked EVA.
Specifically, the front EVA20 and the edge EVA30 do not contain uv absorbers.
Specifically, the room temperature of the laminated photovoltaic module is not lower than 22 ℃.
S4 mounting the terminal box.
The production method of the non-lamination tool dual-glass assembly provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the laminating tool is not needed any more, the operation is simple, the process of installing and taking down the tool before and after lamination is omitted, the production rate is improved, and the labor capacity of an operator is reduced. 2. In the actual production process, the problem of scrapping the assembly caused by the tool is very outstanding, and the problem that the laminated tool crushes the photovoltaic assembly due to misoperation is solved. 3. The cost is low, and lamination frock is expensive and life is limited, and material cost is far less than the frock in this scheme. 4. The invention prolongs the laminating time on the premise of meeting the EVA crosslinking degree, and is beneficial to improving the light transmittance after lamination, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram after completion of S1.1-S1.3;
FIG. 2 is a top view of S1.4 after completion;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of completed S1.7.
Wherein: 10. front glass 20, front EVA30, edge EVA 40, adhesive tape 50, cell string 60, back EVA 70, back glass
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the methods described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
s1 laying photovoltaic module
S1.1, blowing the front glass 10 clean, placing the front glass on a horizontal plane, wherein the length of the front EVA20 is the same as that of the front glass 10, the width of the front EVA20 is narrower, and the front glass 10 is placed with the width centered. In order to prevent the pollution of sundries and sweat, an operator is required to wear gloves and a mask and perform operation after being showered by wind.
S1.2, placing two edges of EVA30 on two sides of the front glass 10;
in operation, edge EVA30 is placed relatively inward of the opening, adjusting distance D2 from the edge of front glass 10 and distance D1 from front EVA 20.
Specifically, the edge EVA30 is transparent pre-crosslinked EVA, the front side EVA20 and the back side EVA60 are non-crosslinked EVA, the pre-crosslinked EVA already has a certain degree of crosslinking, the lamination process melts slowly, and simultaneously, the front side EVA20 and the back side EVA60 are non-crosslinked, the lamination process melts quickly, and can move to the edge during lamination, so the pre-crosslinked EVA at the edge of the assembly receives the inward moving pressure and the inward EVA outward flowing thrust provided by the glass during lamination, so that the non-crosslinked EVA at the edge of the assembly is in a stressed relative balanced state during lamination, and does not displace, and therefore, a qualified dual-glass photovoltaic assembly can be produced without a lamination tool.
Specifically, the edge EVA30 is transparent EVA prepared by electron irradiation technology, and the pre-crosslinking degree is 70-75%. Too low a degree of pre-crosslinking will result in increased fluidity leading to drift of the battery string 50, and too high a degree will result in difficulty in exhausting internal gas leading to the occurrence of bubbles after lamination.
In particular, if pre-crosslinked EVA is used for both the front and back EVA as a whole, it also causes inward drift of the cell string after lamination.
Specifically, edge EVA30 can be the strip, and front and back are placed respectively, reduce the operation degree of difficulty.
Specifically, the distance D2 between the edge EVA30 and the edge of the front glass 10 is not more than 5mm, so that bubbles at the edge of the photovoltaic module caused by the lack of EVA filling after lamination are prevented.
Specifically, in order to increase the outward flowing thrust of the front-side EVA in the lamination process, a certain flowing space needs to be provided for the front-side EVA20, and the edge EVA30 and the front-side EVA20 cannot be in contact; to avoid excessive air bubbles at the edges of the assembly after lamination, the gap D1 between the edge EVA30 and the front EVA20 is no more than 3 mm.
S1.3, fixing the position of the edge EVA30 opposite to the front EVA20 by using an adhesive tape 40.
Specifically, in order to prevent displacement of the edge EVA30 in the subsequent operation process, the edge EVA30 and the front EVA20 are bonded by a transparent high-temperature-resistant adhesive tape and need to be fixed. The adhesive tape can resist 200 ℃ without deformation, and 3M high-temperature-resistant transparent adhesive tape with the width of 5mm can be used.
Specifically, in order to prevent the appearance of the high-temperature adhesive tapes from being affected after lamination, the length of each adhesive tape is limited to be not more than 30mm, and the interval between the adhesive tapes is not more than two tapes per meter.
S1.4, laying a plurality of battery strings 50 on the front EVA20 according to assembly requirements. And welding a bus bar for connecting and leading out current.
Specifically, the battery string 50 and the edge EVA30 are vertical, and if the directions of the battery string and the edge EVA30 are not the same, the effect of overcoming the drift of the edge battery string cannot be achieved.
In operation, the cell string 50 at the edge position is partially placed inside the V-shape of the edge EVA30, so that the front and back of the cell sheet of the edge string are overlapped with the edge EVA 30;
specifically, the overlapping distance D3 between the two sides of the edge EVA30 and the front and back sides of the battery string 50 is not less than 10mm, so as to improve the adhesion with the battery string 50.
Specifically, the plurality of cell strings 50 are fixed by adhesive tape, and the cell strings are bonded transversely by the adhesive tape, thereby further preventing the cell strings from drifting when laminated.
S1.5 laying back EVA 60;
specifically, the back EVA60 is the same length as the glass, and is narrower in width, with the back EVA60 being laid down laterally and centrally on the back of the battery string 50.
In operation, the back EVA60 was adjusted to have a gap D4 with the edge EVA3 of no more than 3mm in D4 to increase the pushing force of the back EVA60 to flow outward during lamination.
The battery string 50 at the edge position needs to be partially placed inside the V-shaped part of the edge EVA30, so that the front and back surfaces of the battery string at the edge position are partially overlapped with the edge EVA30, and the overlapping distance is D3.
Specifically, the overlapping distance D3 is not less than 10mm, so that the drift force caused by the two EVA layers during lamination can be fully applied to the edge cell string 50.
Specifically, the front EVA20 and the pre-crosslinked EVA30 do not contain an ultraviolet absorber, so that the light transmittance after lamination is improved, and the output power of the photovoltaic module is further improved.
S1.6 covering Back glass 70
The back glass 70 is overlapped with the front glass 10, and a lead bus bar for leading out current penetrates through a hole on the back glass 70 or a gap between the back glass and the front glass.
S2, placing the laid parts into a laminating machine for laminating;
setting suitable lamination process parameters is a necessary condition for ensuring the lamination effect. The front EVA20 and the back EVA60 have strong flowability, the cell string 50 at the edge position is enabled to drift outwards during lamination, the edge EVA30 has weak flowability, and the cell string 50 at the edge position can drift inwards due to the compression of edge glass during lamination, so proper lamination parameters must be found out to offset the two effects, thereby avoiding the drift of the cell string 50, and the optimal process parameters are obtained through multiple tests and verifications as follows:
when the influence of the laminating process on the effect of the assembly is researched, a plurality of tests and verifications are carried out. And (4) laying by adopting the method of the step S1, inspecting the quality of the laminated photovoltaic module by adopting the following different laminating processes, and searching for proper process parameters. The specific test results are as follows:
1. the influence of the evacuation time on the lamination effect. Manufacturing 40 assemblies in each group, observing the appearance of the laminated photovoltaic assembly and measuring the EVA crosslinking degree after lamination;
therefore, the evacuation time is 8-9 min, the bubbles appear at the edges of 30s pieces, the cross-linking degree is qualified, the evacuation time is prolonged to a certain extent compared with the prior art, and the edge EVA30 influences the bubble discharge to cause the bubbles. In the above test, the edge cell string shift phenomenon still occurred, and therefore, the test was continued for the length of the lamination stage two and for the adjustment of the upper and lower cavity pressure difference.
2. Adjusting the second process parameters of the lamination stage
Laying according to the step S1, setting the following parameters in a laminating machine, laminating 40 photovoltaic modules produced in each group, observing the appearance of the laminated photovoltaic modules and measuring the EVA crosslinking degree after lamination;
it can be seen that the process parameters of the lamination two-stage process have a relatively obvious influence on the drift of the cell string and the degree of crosslinking after lamination.
Specifically, the crosslinking degree is qualified when the vacuum pumping is carried out for 6min to 7min, the stress balance of the edge EVA30 can be realized when the pressure difference of the upper cavity and the lower cavity is 85 kPa to 90kPa, the battery string 50 does not drift in the laminating process, and other parameters in the range can also be selected.
By implementing the method, the influence of the laminating time on the light transmittance of the glass and the EVA is compared, the ordinate of the lower graph is the light transmittance of the laminated glass and the EVA, the abscissa is the spectral wavelength and is matched by the material of the invention, the dot mark line is the light transmittance of the laminated glass and the EVA according to the laminating parameters used by the method, and the cross mark line is the light transmittance of the laminated glass and the EVA according to the conventional technological parameters, so that the process parameters of the method can improve the light transmittance by about 2 percent, and the method is favorable for improving the output power of a photovoltaic module.
And cooling the laminated photovoltaic module S3.
Specifically, the photovoltaic module is quenched after lamination and discharging due to excessive temperature difference after lamination, so that EVA shrinks, delamination, bubbles and other problems are easy to occur at the junction of the edge EVA30 and the front and back EVA60, and in order to overcome the problems, the room temperature is not lower than 22 ℃, so that the photovoltaic module is cooled naturally.
S4 mounting the terminal box.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following manufacturing steps:
s1 laying a photovoltaic module;
s1.1, horizontally placing front glass (10), and transversely and centrally placing front EVA (20) on the front glass (10);
s1.2, oppositely placing two edge EVA (30) on two sides of the front glass (10), wherein the distance between the two edge EVA (30) and the front EVA (20) is D1, the distance between the two edge EVA and the front glass (10) is D2, and the edge EVA (30) is V-shaped transparent pre-crosslinked EVA;
s1.3, fixing the relative positions of the edge EVA (30) and the front EVA (20) by using an adhesive tape (40);
s1.4, laying a plurality of battery strings (50) on the front EVA (20) according to assembly requirements, wherein the battery strings (50) and the edge EVA (30) are placed in the same direction;
s1.5, transversely and centrally placing a back EVA (60) on the plurality of cell strings (50), and adjusting the distance between the back EVA (60) and the edge EVA (30) to be D4; placing the battery string (50) at the edge position inside the edge EVA (30) V-shaped with the overlapping distance D3;
s1.6 covering the back glass (70);
s2, placing the laid photovoltaic module into a laminating machine for laminating;
s3, cooling the laminated photovoltaic module;
s4 mounting the terminal box.
3. a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein: the edge EVA (30) is transparent EVA made by an electron irradiation technology.
4. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein: the pre-crosslinking degree of the edge EVA (30) is 70-75%.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: d1 ranged from 0.5 to 3mm, and D4 ranged from 0.5 to 3 mm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the distance D2 between the edge EVA (30) and the edge of the front glass (10) ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the edge EVA (30) overlaps the cell string (50) at the edge position by a distance D3 of not less than 10 mm.
8. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the front EVA (20) and the back EVA (60) are non-pre-crosslinked EVA.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the front EVA (20) and the edge EVA (30) do not contain an ultraviolet absorber.
10. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 9, wherein: in S3, the room temperature of the photovoltaic module after lamination is not lower than 22 ℃.
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CN114335221A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 常州华耀光电科技有限公司 | Double-glass solar module laminating process |
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CN114335221A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 常州华耀光电科技有限公司 | Double-glass solar module laminating process |
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