CN112485403A - Method for detecting heavy metal pollution of soil - Google Patents
Method for detecting heavy metal pollution of soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112485403A CN112485403A CN202011280447.0A CN202011280447A CN112485403A CN 112485403 A CN112485403 A CN 112485403A CN 202011280447 A CN202011280447 A CN 202011280447A CN 112485403 A CN112485403 A CN 112485403A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
- G01N2001/386—Other diluting or mixing processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting heavy metal pollution of soil, which comprises the following steps of S1: sampling by a sampling device; s2: pretreating a sampling sample; comprises air drying, grinding, and sieving; air drying: placing the collected soil sample in a non-metal disc, and flattening to a thin layer with the thickness not higher than 1 cm; disturbing with a wooden stick or a glass rod for 5min, standing for 10min, repeating for 2-3 times, and standing; grinding: smashing the coarse-grained soil into pieces by using a wooden stick or a glass stick after the air-dried soil sample is dried; sieving: sieving with 100 mesh nylon sieve, and mixing the sieved sample with polyethylene film for 5 min; s3: preparing a solution; s4: putting the soil obtained by pretreatment into the solution obtained in the previous step, and uniformly stirring the solution to be detected by a uniformly stirring device; s5: extracting 10ml of the prepared solution to be detected into a test tube, and injecting 10ml of distilled water into the test tube; s6: standing for 2h, and detecting and analyzing to obtain a result. The detection method is more reasonable, and the detection precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the soil detection technology
Background
In recent years, pollution to sites, soil and underground water in China is becoming serious, and related investigation and restoration are gradually promoted to the national strategic level. A series of policy measures are taken out of the furnace at the national level, and higher requirements are provided for sustainable and standardized development of the soil remediation industry and the soil detection industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for detecting the heavy metal pollution of the soil, the detection method is more reasonable, and the detection precision is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for detecting the heavy metal pollution of the soil comprises the following steps:
s1: sampling by a sampling device;
s2: pretreating a sampling sample; comprises air drying, grinding, and sieving;
air drying: placing the collected soil sample in a non-metal disc, and flattening to a thin layer with the thickness not higher than 1 cm; disturbing with a wooden stick or a glass rod for 5min, standing for 10min, repeating for 2-3 times, and standing;
grinding: smashing the coarse-grained soil into pieces by using a wooden stick or a glass stick after the air-dried soil sample is dried;
sieving: sieving with 100 mesh nylon sieve, and mixing the sieved sample with polyethylene film for 5 min;
s3: preparing a solution;
s4: putting the soil obtained by pretreatment into the solution obtained in the previous step, and uniformly stirring the solution to be detected by a uniformly stirring device;
s5: extracting 10ml of the prepared solution to be detected into a test tube, and injecting 10ml of distilled water into the test tube;
s6: standing for 2h, and detecting and analyzing to obtain a result.
The sampling point distribution method comprises the following steps: diagonal distribution, curve distribution, flower distribution and grid distribution.
The diagonal line can be divided into a single diagonal line and a double diagonal line, the single diagonal line sampling selects all required sampling points according to the distance, the double diagonal line leads a straight line from one corner of the sampling area, the two diagonal lines lead the diagonal line from the adjacent corners to the opposite corners, the two diagonal lines are divided into a plurality of equally divided areas, and then sampling is carried out on the middle point of each equally divided point; the curve sampling is suitable for areas with large areas, uneven terrain and uneven soil distribution. Sampling points are distributed in a zigzag advancing manner in a sampling area, the specific tortuosity and uniformity of the sampling points can be uniform and non-uniform, and the method is particularly suitable for sampling by the method of non-uniform tortuosity and non-uniform uniformity of the sampling points for non-uniform soil distribution; the flower type sampling adopts a method of sampling by using a point at the middle point and four or more points at the periphery, and is suitable for a cultivated land area with small area and flat terrain in a sampling area; the grid sampling is conventional sampling, and is suitable for areas with flat terrain, uniform soil and simple soil property.
The sampling device comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a middle ring cylinder and a plurality of rotating conical plates; the inner part of the inner cylinder is a sampling cavity, the outer cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the inner cylinder, the upper end and the lower end of the outer cylinder and the upper end and the lower end of the inner cylinder are mutually connected, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and the lower end of the annular cavity is provided with a plurality of vertically-through jacks;
the upper end of the rotating conical plate is vertically and rotatably connected with the lower end of the outer barrel, a torsional spring is arranged at the rotating connection position of the rotating conical plate and the outer barrel, and the rotating conical plates are annularly arranged at the lower end of the outer barrel;
the middle ring cylinder is vertically arranged in the annular cavity in a sliding mode, a plurality of inserting cones are arranged at the lower end of the middle ring cylinder, and the inserting cones penetrate through the inserting holes and push the rotating cone plates open.
The middle ring barrel is divided into an upper part of a middle barrel and a lower part of the middle barrel, and the lower end of the upper part of the middle barrel is rotationally clamped with the upper end of the lower part of the middle barrel; a plurality of top pressing blocks are arranged on the inner wall of the upper part of the middle cylinder;
the middle part of the inner barrel consists of a plurality of separating rib plates and connecting rib plates which are arranged in a staggered mode and are separated by gaps, and a loose gap is formed between each separating rib plate and the lower part of the inner barrel; the outer side surface of the separation rib plate is provided with a sliding groove, and the outer side surface of the connection rib plate is provided with a rotating groove; the adjacent separating rib plates and the sliding grooves and the rotating grooves on the connecting rib plates are mutually communicated and are L-shaped; the top pressing blocks are in vertical sliding fit with the corresponding sliding grooves, and the top pressing blocks are in horizontal rotating fit with the corresponding rotating grooves;
the lower cavity opening of the sampling cavity is in an inverted cone shape; the upper end of the outer barrel is connected with the inner barrel through a connecting rod, an annular control groove is formed between the connecting rod and the inner barrel, a control plate is arranged on one side of the annular control groove, and a Z-shaped positioning groove is formed in the control plate;
the upper end of the middle ring barrel is provided with an annular control block, the annular control block is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the inner barrel, and the annular control block vertically slides in the annular control groove; a control rod is arranged on one side of the annular control block, and the control rod is correspondingly matched with the positioning groove and slides along the positioning groove; the width of the sliding groove is greater than that of the corresponding top pressing block;
when the control rod is located at the lowest end of the positioning groove, the inner plate side of the rotating conical plate is correspondingly attached to the outer plate side of the inserting cone, and the lower cone head of the inserting cone is lower than the lower cone head of the rotating conical plate.
The stirring device comprises a vertical supporting rod, a stirring base and a plurality of clamping plates, wherein a first transverse rod which slides vertically is arranged at the upper end of the vertical supporting rod, a stirring motor is arranged at the end part of the first transverse rod, a stirring rod is connected below the stirring motor, and a stirring head is arranged at the end part of the stirring rod;
the stirring base is positioned on one side of the vertical rod, a storage table for placing a container is arranged on the stirring base, and the storage table is positioned under the stirring head; a plurality of sliding rails are arranged above the stirring base, and the clamping plate is connected with the stirring base in a sliding manner through the sliding rails; the plurality of clamping plates are annularly arranged on the stirring base by taking the object placing table as a circle center; and an elastic piece is arranged on one side of the clamping plate, which is far away from the object placing table.
An annular connecting plate is arranged on the stirring base, one ends of the sliding rails are connected with the annular connecting plate, and the other ends of the sliding rails are connected with the object placing table; the sliding rails and the stirring base are arranged at intervals, and a control panel is arranged between the sliding rails and the stirring base; the clamping plate and the sliding rail are vertically limited relatively, the bottom end of the clamping plate is obliquely arranged, and a plurality of obliquely screwed blocks are arranged on the upper surface of the control panel; the control panel rotates, and the screwing block correspondingly pushes the clamping plate tightly.
An arc-shaped control groove is formed in the stirring base, and two positioning holes are formed in two ends of the control groove respectively; one side of control panel is provided with the extension rod, the tip of extension rod is provided with the location bolt, the location bolt with the locating hole corresponds the cooperation.
The grip block orientation one side of putting the thing platform is provided with the elasticity centre gripping layer, the elasticity centre gripping layer orientation one side of putting the thing platform is the arc.
The upper end of one side of the clamping plate facing the object placing table is provided with an inclined opening for placing a container conveniently.
The upper end of the supporting vertical rod is provided with a second transverse rod which slides vertically, the second transverse rod is positioned below the first transverse rod, and the end part of the second transverse rod is provided with a reverse funnel-shaped protective cover.
Has the advantages that: the detection method is more reasonable, and the detection precision is improved. The sampling device has convenient sampling process, and is suitable for diagonal point arrangement, plum blossom point arrangement, chessboard point arrangement, snake-shaped point arrangement and grid point arrangement for improving sampling detection precision. The uniform preparation device can clamp beaker containers of different specifications, the applicability is enhanced, and liquid in the beaker containers can be prevented from splashing in the stirring process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotating conical plate when the rotating conical plate is unfolded;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the rotating conical plate when the rotating conical plate is contracted;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the outer cylinder;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the inner barrel structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a loosening gap;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the external structure of the intermediate ring barrel;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the intermediate ring barrel;
FIG. 8 is a schematic connection diagram of the upper part and the lower part of the middle cylinder;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the receptacle at the lower end of the annular chamber;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a point location on a positioning slot;
FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the components above the stirring base;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the control panel;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamping plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for detecting the heavy metal pollution of the soil comprises the following steps:
s1: sampling by a sampling device;
s2: pretreating a sampling sample; comprises air drying, grinding, and sieving;
air drying: placing the collected soil sample in a non-metal disc, and flattening to a thin layer with the thickness not higher than 1 cm; disturbing with a wooden stick or a glass rod for 5min, standing for 10min, repeating for 2-3 times, and standing;
grinding: smashing the coarse-grained soil into pieces by using a wooden stick or a glass stick after the air-dried soil sample is dried;
sieving: sieving with 100 mesh nylon sieve, and mixing the sieved sample with polyethylene film for 5 min;
s3: preparing a solution;
s4: putting the soil obtained by pretreatment into the solution obtained in the previous step, and uniformly stirring the solution to be detected by a uniformly stirring device;
s5: extracting 10ml of the prepared solution to be detected into a test tube, and injecting 10ml of distilled water into the test tube;
s6: standing for 2h, and detecting and analyzing to obtain a result.
The sampling point distribution method comprises the following steps: diagonal distribution, curve distribution, flower distribution and grid distribution. The diagonal distribution points are suitable for the sewage irrigation or the soil polluted by the waste water, which has small area, flat terrain and more regular sampling area. The diagonal line can be divided into a single diagonal line and a double diagonal line, the single diagonal line samples all the required sampling points according to the distance, the double diagonal line leads a straight line from one corner of the sampling area, the two diagonal lines lead the diagonal line from the adjacent corner to the opposite corner, the two diagonal lines are divided into a plurality of equally divided areas, and then the sampling is carried out on the middle point of each equally divided point. The curve sampling is suitable for areas with large areas, uneven terrain and uneven soil distribution. Sampling points are distributed in the sampling area in a zigzag advancing mode, the specific tortuosity and uniformity of the sampling points can be uniform and non-uniform, and the method is particularly suitable for sampling by the method of non-uniform tortuosity and non-uniform uniformity of the sampling points for non-uniform soil distribution. The flower type sampling adopts a method of sampling by using a point at the midpoint and four or more points at the periphery, and is suitable for the cultivated land area with small area and flat terrain in the sampling area. The grid sampling is conventional sampling, and is suitable for areas with flat terrain, uniform soil and simple soil property.
As shown in attached figures 1-15, the sampling device comprises an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2, an intermediate ring cylinder 3 and a plurality of rotating conical plates 4. The inside cavity of inner tube 2, the inside of inner tube 2 is sample chamber 5, urceolus 1 cover is established the outside of inner tube 2, the upper and lower both ends of urceolus 1 and inner tube 2 all interconnect, urceolus 1 and inner tube 2 interval are apart from each other, be the annular chamber between urceolus 1 and the inner tube 2, the lower extreme of annular chamber is provided with a plurality of vertical jacks 7 that link up, and jack 7 of annular chamber lower extreme is as shown in figure 9. The upper end of the rotating conical plate 4 is connected with the lower end of the outer barrel 1 in a vertical rotating mode, a torsional spring is arranged at the rotating connection position of the rotating conical plate 4 and the outer barrel 1, and the torsional spring drives the rotating conical plate 4 to topple over towards the center of the inner barrel 2. The torsion spring is in a natural state as shown in the attached figure 2, and the torsion spring drives the rotating conical plate 4 to contract. The plurality of rotating conical plates 4 are annularly arranged at the lower end of the outer cylinder 1. The middle ring barrel 3 is vertically arranged in the annular cavity in a sliding mode, a plurality of inserting cones 8 are arranged at the lower end of the middle ring barrel 3, the inserting cones 8 penetrate through the inserting holes 7 and push the rotating cone plate 4 open, and the rotating cone plate 4 is changed into an unfolding state.
The expansion and contraction of the rotating conical plate 4 are controlled through the elastic deformation of the torsion spring and the vertical sliding of the middle annular cylinder 3, and the middle annular cylinder 3 is moved upwards after the device is inserted into a soil layer with a specified depth; the elasticity of torsional spring is great, rotates conical plate 4 and becomes the contraction state under the drive of torsional spring, rotates conical plate 4 this moment and can block the lower extreme of sample chamber 5, prevents that soil sample from falling out from sample chamber 5 lower extreme to gather the soil sample of appointed degree of depth.
The middle ring barrel 3 is divided into a middle barrel upper part 9 and a middle barrel lower part 10, the lower end of the middle barrel upper part 9 and the upper end of the middle barrel lower part 10 are connected in a rotating mode, namely the middle barrel upper part 9 and the middle barrel lower part 10 are connected in a horizontally rotating mode and are limited vertically relatively. As shown in figure 7, a plurality of top pressing blocks 11 are arranged on the inner wall of the upper part 9 of the middle cylinder. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the middle portion of the inner tube 2 is composed of a plurality of separating ribs 12 and connecting ribs 13 which are arranged in a staggered manner and spaced apart from each other, and a loose gap 14 is provided between the separating ribs 12 and the lower portion of the inner tube 2, so that the lower ends of the separating ribs 12 can be inclined toward the outer side of the inner tube 2. The outer side surfaces of the partition ribs 12 are provided with sliding grooves 15, the outer side surfaces of the connecting ribs 13 are provided with rotating grooves 16, the sliding grooves 15 and the rotating grooves 16 on the adjacent partition ribs 12 and the connecting ribs 13 are communicated with each other to form an L shape, and the structures of the sliding grooves 15 and the rotating grooves 16 are shown in figure 4. The top pressing block 11 is in vertical sliding fit with the corresponding sliding groove 15, and the top pressing block 11 is in horizontal rotating fit with the corresponding rotating groove 16. The arrangement of the sliding groove 15 and the rotating groove 16 can control the loosening of the partition ribs 12 by the rotation of the intermediate ring barrel 3. When the jacking block 11 is matched with the sliding groove 15, the jacking block 11 correspondingly jacks the separation rib plate 12; when the top pressing block 11 is matched with the rotating groove 16, the top pressing block 11 does not support the separating rib plate 12 any more, and at the moment, the separating rib plate 12 is loosened, so that a soil sample in the sampling cavity 5 can be taken out conveniently.
The lower orifice of sample chamber 5 is the back taper, and when separating floor 12 not hard up, the lower orifice of back taper conveniently takes out the inside soil sample in sample chamber 5 more.
The upper end of the outer barrel 1 is connected with the inner barrel 2 through a connecting rod 17, an annular control groove 18 is formed between the connecting rod 17 and the inner barrel 2, a control plate 19 is arranged on one side of the annular control groove 18, and a Z-shaped positioning groove 20 is formed in the control plate 19. The upper end of the middle ring barrel 3 is provided with an annular control block 21, the annular control block 21 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the inner barrel 2, and the annular control block 21 vertically slides in the annular control groove 18; a control rod 22 is disposed on one side of the annular control block 21, and the control rod 22 is correspondingly engaged with the positioning slot 20 and slides along the positioning slot 20.
The width of the sliding groove 15 is greater than that of the corresponding jacking block 11. The point on the detent 20 is shown in fig. 10, which ensures that the lever 22 can be rotated to point F1 at the upper end of the Z-shape of the detent 20.
The sampling device can control the sliding and rotating conditions of the middle ring barrel 3 through the control rod 22.
In an initial state, the control rod 19 is located at a point F2 at the Z-shaped lower end of the positioning groove 20 to fix the position of the middle ring barrel 3, at this time, the overall state of the sampling device is as shown in fig. 1, the rotating conical plate 4 is jacked to be vertical by the inserting cone 8 on the middle ring barrel 3, and at this time, the sampling device can be inserted into soil downwards; after the soil layer with the designated depth is reached, the control rod 19 is adjusted to enable the control rod 19 to rotate to a point position F1 of the positioning groove 20, at the moment, the whole state of the sampling device is as shown in figure 2, the rotating conical plate 4 is driven by the torsion spring to contract to block the lower end of the sampling cavity 5 to prevent the soil from falling out, and then a soil sample is taken out; after taking out the soil sample, the control rod 19 is adjusted to rotate the control rod 19 to a point F3 at the Z-shaped lower end of the positioning groove 20, at this time, the top pressing block 11 is matched with the rotating groove 16, the top pressing block 11 no longer supports the separation rib plate 12, the separation rib plate 12 is loosened, and the soil sample in the sampling cavity 5 is conveniently taken out.
When the control rod 22 is located at the lowest end of the positioning groove 20, for example, when the control rod 19 is located at the point F2 on the positioning groove 20, the inner plate side of the rotating conical plate 4 and the outer plate side of the inserting cone 8 are correspondingly attached, so that the resistance of the sampling device in the process of inserting the sampling device into soil downwards is small. Insert the lower conical head that bores 8 and be less than rotate the lower conical head that bores board 4, because the junction that rotates and bore board 4 and urceolus 1 is provided with the torsional spring, it is askew easily when opening earth to rotate awl board 4, and it is more suitable to insert soil downwards by inserting awl 8.
The uniform preparation device comprises a vertical supporting rod 2-1, a stirring base 2-2 and a plurality of clamping plates 2-3. The lower end of the vertical supporting rod 2-1 is fixed, the upper end of the vertical supporting rod 2-1 is provided with a first cross rod 2-4 which slides vertically, the end part of the first cross rod 2-4 is provided with a stirring motor 2-5, the lower part of the stirring motor 2-5 is connected with a stirring rod 2-6, and the end part of the stirring rod 2-6 is provided with a stirring head 2-7. The first cross rod 2-4 slides along the support vertical rod 2-1 to further adjust the height of the stirring head 2-7, and an operator controls the stirring head 2-7 by starting and stopping the stirring motor 2-5.
The stirring base 2-2 is located on one side of the vertical rod 2-1, an object placing table 2-8 for placing a container is arranged on the stirring base 2-2, and the object placing table 2-8 is located under the stirring head 2-7. A plurality of slide rails 2-9 are arranged above the stirring base 2-2, and the slide rails 2-9 are arranged horizontally. The clamping plate 2-3 is a vertical plate body, a sliding block matched with the sliding rail 2-9 is arranged at the lower end of the clamping plate 2-3, the clamping plate 2-3 is connected with the stirring base 2-2 in a sliding mode through the sliding rail 2-9, and the clamping plate 2-3 horizontally slides along the sliding rail 2-9. The plurality of clamping plates 2-3 are annularly arranged on the stirring base 2-2 by taking the object placing table 2-8 as a circle center, and the plurality of sliding rails 2-9 are correspondingly annularly arranged on the stirring base 2-2 by taking the object placing table 2-8 as a circle center. And an elastic part 2-10 is arranged on one side of the clamping plate 2-3 far away from the object placing table 2-8. When the beaker container 2-21 needs to be clamped, the beaker container 2-21 is placed between the plurality of clamping plates 2-3, the elastic piece 2-10 is compressed and deformed, and the beaker container 2-21 is clamped through the clamping plates 2-3. In order to more stably hold the beaker holders 2 to 21, the elastic modulus of each elastic member 2 to 10 should be uniform.
The stirring base 2-2 is provided with an annular connecting plate 2-11, one end of each of the plurality of sliding rails 2-9 is connected with the annular connecting plate 2-11, the other end of each of the plurality of sliding rails 2-9 is connected with the object placing table 2-8, and the sliding rails 2-9 are fixed, so that the structures of the sliding rails 2-9 are more reasonable. The slide rail 2-9 and the stirring base 2-2 are arranged at intervals, a control panel 2-12 is arranged between the slide rail 2-9 and the stirring base 2-2, and the control panel 2-12 fixes the clamping plate 2-3 through rotation. The clamping plate 2-3 and the sliding rail 2-9 are vertically limited relatively. The bottom ends of the clamping plates 2-3 are obliquely arranged. The upper surface of the control panel 2-12 is provided with a plurality of oblique screwing blocks 2-13. The horizontal height of the upper surface of the control disk 2-12 is lower than the lowest point of the bottom end of the clamping plate 2-3, and the horizontal height of the highest point of the upper end of the screwing block 2-13 is higher than the lowest point of the bottom end of the clamping plate 2-3. The control panel 2-12 rotates to enable the screwing block 2-13 to rotate to the bottom end inclined plane of the clamping plate 2-3, the screwing block 2-13 correspondingly upwards pushes the clamping plate 2-3, the clamping plate 2-3 and the corresponding sliding rail 2-9 are mutually pushed and pressed, so that the clamping plate 2-3 is fixed, and the phenomenon that the beaker container 2-21 shakes to influence the stirring effect due to the fact that the clamping plate 2-3 moves along the sliding rail 2-9 is prevented.
The stirring base 2-2 is provided with an arc-shaped control groove 2-14, and two ends of the control groove 2-14 are respectively provided with a positioning hole 2-15. One side of the control panel 2-12 is provided with an extension rod 2-16, the end part of the extension rod 2-16 is provided with a positioning bolt 2-17, and the positioning bolt 2-17 is correspondingly matched with the positioning hole 2-15. When the positioning bolt 2-17 is oppositely matched with one positioning hole 2-15, the screwing block 2-13 is correspondingly positioned at the lower end of the clamping plate 2-3; when the positioning bolt 2-17 is matched with the other positioning hole 2-15 oppositely, the screwing block 2-13 is positioned at the distance between the two clamping plates 2-3.
One side of the clamping plate 2-3, which faces the object placing table 2-8, is provided with an elastic clamping layer 2-18, one side of the elastic clamping layer 2-18, which faces the object placing table 2-8, is arc-shaped, the clamping plate 2-3 can be tightly attached to the beaker container 2-21 through the arc-shaped elastic clamping layer 2-18, and the clamping effect is better.
The upper end of one side of the clamping plate 2-3 facing the object placing table 2-8 is provided with an inclined opening for placing a container conveniently, so that the beaker container 2-21 can be placed among the clamping plates 2-3 more easily.
The upper end of the vertical supporting rod 2-1 is provided with a second cross rod 2-19 which slides vertically, the second cross rod 2-19 is positioned below the first cross rod 2-4, and the end part of the second cross rod 2-19 is provided with an inverted funnel-shaped protective cover 2-20. The shield 2-20 prevents liquid in the beaker container 2-21 from spilling out during the stirring process.
Placing the beaker container 2-21 between the clamping plates 2-3, enabling the elastic part 2-10 to deform and contract so as to enable the clamping plate 2-3 to clamp the beaker container 2-21, then rotating the control disc 2-12 to enable the screwing block 2-13 to rotate to the lower end of the clamping plate 2-3, upwards jacking and fixing the clamping plate 2-3, then inserting the positioning bolt 2-17 into the corresponding positioning hole 2-15, and fixing the control disc 2-12, thus completing the fixing of the beaker container 2-21. And then starting a stirring motor 2-5 to stir the solution to be detected for soil heavy metal pollution detection in the beaker container 2-21.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for detecting the heavy metal pollution of the soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: sampling by a sampling device;
s2: pretreating a sampling sample; comprises air drying, grinding, and sieving;
air drying: placing the collected soil sample in a non-metal disc, and flattening to a thin layer with the thickness not higher than 1 cm; disturbing with a wooden stick or a glass rod for 5min, standing for 10min, repeating for 2-3 times, and standing;
grinding: smashing the coarse-grained soil into pieces by using a wooden stick or a glass stick after the air-dried soil sample is dried;
sieving: sieving with 100 mesh nylon sieve, and mixing the sieved sample with polyethylene film for 5 min;
s3: preparing a solution;
s4: putting the soil obtained by pretreatment into the solution obtained in the previous step, and uniformly stirring the solution to be detected by a uniformly stirring device;
s5: extracting 10ml of the prepared solution to be detected into a test tube, and injecting 10ml of distilled water into the test tube;
s6: standing for 2h, and detecting and analyzing to obtain a result.
2. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution of soil according to claim 1, wherein: the sampling point distribution method comprises the following steps: diagonal distribution, curve distribution, flower distribution and grid distribution;
the diagonal distribution points can be divided into single diagonals and double diagonals, the sampling of the single diagonals is that all the required sampling points are selected according to the distance, the double diagonals are that a straight line is led from one corner of a sampling area, the diagonals are led from the adjacent corners to the opposite corners, the two diagonals are divided into a plurality of equally divided areas, and then the sampling is carried out on the middle point of each equally divided point;
the curve point distribution sampling is suitable for areas with large areas, uneven terrain and uneven soil distribution; sampling points are distributed in a zigzag advancing manner in a sampling area, the specific tortuosity and uniformity of the sampling points can be uniform and non-uniform, and the method is particularly suitable for sampling by the method of non-uniform tortuosity and non-uniform uniformity of the sampling points for non-uniform soil distribution;
the flower type distribution sampling adopts a method of sampling by using a middle point and a point and sampling by using four or more peripheral points, and is suitable for a cultivated land area with small area and flat terrain;
the grid distribution point sampling is conventional sampling, and is suitable for areas with flat terrain, uniform soil and simple soil property.
3. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution of soil according to claim 1, wherein:
the sampling device comprises an outer cylinder (1), an inner cylinder (2), a middle annular cylinder (3) and a plurality of rotating conical plates (4); the sampling cavity (5) is arranged in the inner barrel (2), the outer barrel (1) is sleeved on the outer side of the inner barrel (2), the upper end and the lower end of the outer barrel (1) and the upper end and the lower end of the inner barrel (2) are mutually connected, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer barrel (1) and the inner barrel (2), and a plurality of vertically-through insertion holes (7) are formed in the lower end of the annular cavity;
the upper end of the rotating conical plate (4) is vertically and rotatably connected with the lower end of the outer barrel (1), a torsion spring is arranged at the rotating connection position of the rotating conical plate (4) and the outer barrel (1), and the rotating conical plates (4) are annularly arranged at the lower end of the outer barrel (1);
the middle ring barrel (3) is vertically arranged in the annular cavity in a sliding mode, a plurality of inserting cones (8) are arranged at the lower end of the middle ring barrel (3), and the inserting cones (8) penetrate through the inserting holes (7) and push the rotating cone plates (4) open.
4. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution of soil according to claim 3, wherein: the middle ring barrel (3) is divided into a middle barrel upper part (9) and a middle barrel lower part (10), and the lower end of the middle barrel upper part (9) is rotationally clamped with the upper end of the middle barrel lower part (10); a plurality of top pressing blocks (11) are arranged on the inner wall of the upper part (9) of the middle cylinder;
the middle part of the inner cylinder (2) consists of a plurality of separating rib plates (12) and connecting rib plates (13) which are arranged in a staggered mode and are separated by gaps, and a loose gap (14) is formed between the separating rib plates (12) and the lower part of the inner cylinder (2); the outer side surface of the separation rib plate (12) is provided with a sliding groove (15), and the outer side surface of the connection rib plate (13) is provided with a rotating groove (16); the adjacent separating rib plates (12) and the sliding grooves (15) and the rotating grooves (16) on the connecting rib plates (13) are mutually communicated and are in an L shape; the top pressing block (11) is in vertical sliding fit with the corresponding sliding groove (15), and the top pressing block (11) is in horizontal rotating fit with the corresponding rotating groove (16);
the lower cavity opening of the sampling cavity (5) is in an inverted cone shape; the upper end of the outer cylinder (1) is connected with the inner cylinder (2) through a connecting rod (17), an annular control groove (18) is formed between the connecting rod (17) and the inner cylinder (2), a control plate (19) is arranged on one side of the annular control groove (18), and a Z-shaped positioning groove (20) is formed in the control plate (19);
an annular control block (21) is arranged at the upper end of the middle ring barrel (3), the annular control block (21) is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the inner barrel (2), and the annular control block (21) vertically slides in the annular control groove (18); a control rod (22) is arranged on one side of the annular control block (21), and the control rod (22) is correspondingly matched with the positioning groove (20) and slides along the positioning groove (20); the width of the sliding groove (15) is larger than that of the corresponding top pressing block (11);
when the control rod (22) is located at the lowest end of the positioning groove (20), the inner plate side of the rotating conical plate (4) is correspondingly attached to the outer plate side of the inserting cone (8), and the lower conical head of the inserting cone (8) is lower than the lower conical head of the rotating conical plate (4).
5. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution of soil according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring device comprises a vertical supporting rod (2-1), a stirring base (2-2) and a plurality of clamping plates (2-3), wherein a first transverse rod (2-4) which slides vertically is arranged at the upper end of the vertical supporting rod (2-1), a stirring motor (2-5) is arranged at the end part of the first transverse rod (2-4), a stirring rod (2-6) is connected below the stirring motor (2-5), and a stirring head (2-7) is arranged at the end part of the stirring rod (2-6);
the stirring base (2-2) is positioned on one side of the vertical rod (2-1), an object placing table (2-8) for placing a container is arranged on the stirring base (2-2), and the object placing table (2-8) is positioned under the stirring head (2-7); a plurality of sliding rails (2-9) are arranged above the stirring base (2-2), and the clamping plate (2-3) is connected with the stirring base (2-2) in a sliding manner through the sliding rails (2-9); the plurality of clamping plates (2-3) are annularly arranged on the stirring base (2-2) by taking the object placing table (2-8) as a circle center; an elastic part (2-10) is arranged on one side of the clamping plate (2-3) far away from the object placing table (2-8).
6. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil according to claim 5, wherein: an annular connecting plate (2-11) is arranged on the stirring base (2-2), one ends of the sliding rails (2-9) are connected with the annular connecting plate (2-11), and the other ends of the sliding rails (2-9) are connected with the object placing table (2-8); the sliding rails (2-9) and the stirring base (2-2) are arranged at intervals, and a control panel (2-12) is arranged between the sliding rails (2-9) and the stirring base (2-2); the clamping plate (2-3) and the sliding rail (2-9) are limited vertically relatively, the bottom end of the clamping plate (2-3) is arranged obliquely, and a plurality of oblique screwing blocks (2-13) are arranged on the upper surface of the control panel (2-12); the control disc (2-12) rotates, and the screwing block (2-13) correspondingly pushes the clamping plate (2-3) tightly.
7. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil according to claim 5, wherein: an arc-shaped control groove (2-14) is formed in the stirring base (2-2), and two positioning holes (2-15) are formed in two ends of the control groove (2-14) respectively; one side of control panel (2-12) is provided with extension rod (2-16), the tip of extension rod (2-16) is provided with location bolt (2-17), location bolt (2-17) with locating hole (2-15) correspond the cooperation.
8. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil according to claim 5, wherein: one side of the clamping plate (2-3) facing the object placing table (2-8) is provided with an elastic clamping layer (2-18), and one side of the elastic clamping layer (2-18) facing the object placing table (2-8) is arc-shaped.
9. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil according to claim 5, wherein: the upper end of one side of the clamping plate (2-3) facing the object placing table (2-8) is provided with an inclined opening for placing a container conveniently.
10. The method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil according to claim 5, wherein: the upper end of the vertical supporting rod (2-1) is provided with a second transverse rod (2-19) which slides vertically, the second transverse rod (2-19) is positioned below the first transverse rod (2-4), and the end part of the second transverse rod (2-19) is provided with an inverted funnel-shaped protective cover (2-20).
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