CN112485294B - Heat conductivity meter-based method for evaluating heat loss ratio of side wall surface of central metering area - Google Patents
Heat conductivity meter-based method for evaluating heat loss ratio of side wall surface of central metering area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112485294B CN112485294B CN202011379200.4A CN202011379200A CN112485294B CN 112485294 B CN112485294 B CN 112485294B CN 202011379200 A CN202011379200 A CN 202011379200A CN 112485294 B CN112485294 B CN 112485294B
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the heat loss ratio of a side wall surface of a central metering area based on a heat conduction instrument, belongs to the technical field of heat loss calculation of heat conduction instruments, and solves the problem that a method for simply, effectively and quickly evaluating the heat loss ratio of the side wall surface of the central metering area of a sample is lacked in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: step S1: placing a sample into a heat conduction instrument, controlling the temperature of the central point of the hot surface of the sample to be stabilized at a set value of the temperature of the hot surface, and simultaneously controlling the temperature of the central point of the cold surface of the sample to be stabilized at a set value of the temperature of the cold surface; step S2: collecting the temperature of the central points of the hot surface and the cold surface of the sample, and the edge temperature of the central metering area of the hot surface and the cold surface; and step S3: based on the temperature collected in step S2, the evaluation result of the heat loss ratio on the side wall surface of the central metering region of the sample is obtained. The method can conveniently evaluate the influence degree of the heat loss of the side wall surface of the sample on the calculation of the heat conductivity, and effectively evaluate the uncertainty of measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat loss calculation of a heat conduction instrument, in particular to a method for evaluating the heat loss ratio of a side wall surface of a central metering area based on the heat conduction instrument.
Background
For the thermal conductivity test of the porous high thermal conductivity carbon foam with the thermal conductivity more than or equal to 150W/(m.K), no very mature test method exists at present. In order to realize the thermal conductivity test of the materials, the development work of a steady-state testing device is carried out by the technical personnel in the field. In the steady-state test process, in order to ensure the measurement accuracy of the temperature difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the material to be measured, the temperature difference is generally required to be not less than 10 ℃. Considering that the thickness of the sample is generally between 10mm and 30mm, the heat flow density required to pass along the thickness direction of the sample in the test process is 50000W/m2 to 300000W/m2, the heat flow density has very high requirements on the heater, and the common resistance heaters in the market cannot meet the requirements. For example, the maximum heating power per unit area of the conventional cast copper plate resistance heater is 45000W/m 2, and the conventional cast copper plate resistance heater directly used for heating a high-heat-conductivity carbon foam sample cannot meet the minimum requirement of heat flux density.
In the large temperature difference heat flow meter method heat conduction instrument, in order to realize the temperature uniformity of a sample with the cross-sectional size of 300mm multiplied by 300mm in a central metering area of 100mm multiplied by 100mm, a flat heater above the sample adopts a palace-shaped structure which is gradually encrypted from the center to the periphery so as to compensate the heat loss of the side wall surface of the sample. Although this measure can effectively improve the temperature uniformity in the central metering zone, it still cannot achieve a complete temperature equalization. The high temperature test at 1000 ℃ shows that the temperature unevenness in the area is still between 2% and 3%, and the test result shows that large heat loss still exists around the area.
Therefore, when calculating the measurement uncertainty of the thermal conductivity, an effective evaluation of the ratio of the sidewall face heat loss to the effective heat flow in the thickness direction in the central metering region is required. However, a simple and effective evaluation method is still lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, the embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a method for evaluating a heat loss ratio of a side wall of a central metering area of a sample based on a thermal conductivity meter, so as to solve the problem that the prior art lacks a simple and effective method for quickly evaluating the heat loss ratio of the side wall of the central metering area of the sample.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for evaluating the heat loss ratio of a side wall surface of a central metering area based on a heat conductivity meter, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a sample into a heat conduction instrument, controlling the temperature of the central point of the hot surface of the sample to be stable at a set value of the temperature of the hot surface, and controlling the temperature of the central point of the cold surface of the sample to be stable at a set value of the temperature of the cold surface;
step S2: collecting the temperature of the central points of the hot surface and the cold surface of the sample, and the edge temperature of the central metering area of the hot surface and the cold surface;
and step S3: based on the temperature collected in step S2, an evaluation result of the heat loss ratio on the side wall surface of the central metering region of the sample is obtained.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention also makes the following improvements:
further, the step S3 includes:
step S31: obtaining the heat loss of a central measuring area of the sample along the in-plane direction;
step S32: obtaining effective heat flow in the thickness direction in a central metering area of the sample;
step S33: and taking the ratio of the heat loss to the effective heat flow as an evaluation result of the heat loss ratio of the side wall surface of the central metering area of the sample.
Further, in the step S31, the heat loss is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein λ represents the thermal conductivity of the sample; l represents the thickness of the sample; t is h0 、T l0 Respectively showing the central point temperature of the hot surface and the cold surface of the sample, wherein the central metering area takes the center of the sample as the center of a circle and r as the center of the circle 2 Is a circle with a radius; r is a radical of hydrogen 1 Taking 0.9-0.95 times of r 2 ；T h2 The edge temperature of the central metering area of the hot surface of the sample is shown; t is l2 The temperature at the edge of the central metering zone of the cold side of the sample is shown.
Further, in the step S32, the effective heat flow is obtained according to the following formula:
further, in the step S1, the temperature of the central point of the cold surface of the sample is controlled by the cooling circulating water machine and the cooling plate to be stabilized at the set value of the temperature of the cold surface.
Further, the set value of the temperature of the cold surface does not exceed the highest tolerance temperature value of a plane heat flow meter arranged below the sample.
Further, the thermal conductivity meter includes: the system comprises a vacuum unit, a heating unit, an in-situ thickness measuring unit and a signal acquisition and processing unit, wherein the heating unit is positioned in the vacuum unit, the vacuum unit is used for providing a testing environment with adjustable and controllable gas pressure and atmosphere for the heating unit, the in-situ thickness measuring unit is used for measuring the thickness of a sample in situ in real time in the testing process, and the signal acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring the temperature of the hot surface and the central point of the cold surface of the sample, the temperature of the edge of the central metering area of the hot surface and the cold surface, the heat flux density of the sample and the thickness of the sample and calculating to obtain the heat conductivity;
the heating unit comprises a high-temperature assembly and a low-temperature assembly, wherein the high-temperature assembly comprises a uniform temperature plate, a heating plate and a heat insulation layer which are sequentially stacked; the heating temperature of the heating plate gradually increases in a direction gradually away from the center of the heating plate;
the temperature equalizing plate is used for placing the sample between the low-temperature components.
Further, the low temperature subassembly is including the support that stacks gradually, cold plate, heat conduction cushion and heat flow meter clamp plate down, and a plurality of heat flow meters are inlayed and are gone up one side towards the heat flow meter clamp plate at the heat conduction cushion.
Further, the temperature of the central point of the hot surface of the sample is stabilized at the set value of the temperature of the hot surface by starting the heating unit.
Further, the cross-sectional dimension of the sample is 300mm × 300mm; the central metering region is a circular region of Φ 100mm in the sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the invention designs an evaluation method of the heat loss ratio of the side wall face of the central metering area based on the heat conduction instrument by carrying out detailed research on the calculation process of the heat conductivity of a sample tested by a large-temperature-difference heat flow meter heat conduction instrument, fully considering the influence on the loss of the side wall face when the temperature in the central metering area of the sample is uneven, and obtains the evaluation result of the heat loss ratio of the side wall face of the central metering area of the sample by acquiring the temperatures of the central points of the hot face and the cold face of the sample and the temperatures of the edges of the central metering areas of the hot face and the cold face. The method is simple in implementation process, the data to be acquired is simple and easy to obtain, meanwhile, the influence degree of the heat loss of the side wall surface of the sample on the calculation of the heat conductivity can be conveniently evaluated, the measurement uncertainty can be conveniently and effectively evaluated, and the technical blank of simply, effectively and quickly realizing the heat loss ratio evaluation of the side wall surface of the central measurement area of the sample in the prior art can be filled.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating a thermal conductivity meter-based heat loss ratio of a side wall surface of a central metering area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a sample structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
First, the present embodiment provides a hardware structure of an existing thermal conductivity meter, including: the device comprises a vacuum unit, a heating unit, an in-situ thickness measuring unit and a signal acquisition and processing unit, wherein the heating unit is positioned in the vacuum unit, the vacuum unit is used for providing a testing environment with adjustable and controllable gas pressure and atmosphere for the heating unit, the in-situ thickness measuring unit is used for measuring the thickness of a sample in situ in real time in the testing process, and the signal acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring the temperature of the hot surface and the central point of the cold surface of the sample, the temperature of the edge of the central metering area of the hot surface and the cold surface, the heat flux density of the sample and the thickness of the sample and calculating to obtain the heat conductivity; the heating unit comprises a high-temperature assembly and a low-temperature assembly, wherein the high-temperature assembly comprises a temperature-equalizing plate, a heating plate and a heat-insulating layer which are sequentially stacked; the heating temperature of the heating plate gradually increases in a direction gradually away from the center of the heating plate; the temperature equalizing plate is used for placing the sample between the low-temperature components. The low temperature subassembly is including the support that stacks gradually, cold plate, heat conduction cushion and heat flow meter clamp plate down, and a plurality of heat flow meters are inlayed and are buried in the one side of heat conduction cushion towards the heat flow meter clamp plate. And starting the heating unit to enable the temperature of the central point of the hot surface of the sample to be stable at the set value of the temperature of the hot surface. Preferably, the thermocouple arrangement of the sample hot side is: and punching through holes in the thickness direction at multiple points of the center point and the edge of the central metering area of the soaking plate, and forming threaded holes. The end of the K-type thermocouple is fixed in a small hollow bolt by high-temperature glue, and the node of the thermocouple slightly protrudes out of one end of the bolt hole. The thermocouple of the structure sequentially penetrates through the water cooling plate, the insulating brick, the heating plate and the soaking plate from top to bottom, and is finally fixed on the soaking plate by threads, the bolt is flush with the lower surface of the soaking plate, the node of the thermocouple slightly protrudes out of the lower surface of the soaking plate, and the thermocouple can tightly contact with the hot surface (namely the upper surface) of a sample during testing. The thermocouples arranged at multiple points can measure the temperature at the central point, namely different positions in the metering area, on the hot surface. The temperature and heat flow density measurement in the central metering area of the cold surface of the sample is realized by a plane heat flow meter which is in contact with the cold surface. The thin film heat flow meter element and the copper/constantan thermocouple of the filament are respectively arranged at other positions in the central point and the central metering area in the plane heat flow meter, so that the heat flow density and the temperature can be measured simultaneously.
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the heat loss ratio of a side wall surface of a central metering area based on a heat conductivity meter, which is shown in a flow chart of figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a sample into a heat conduction instrument, controlling the temperature of the central point of the hot surface of the sample to be stabilized at a set value of the temperature of the hot surface, and simultaneously controlling the temperature of the central point of the cold surface of the sample to be stabilized at a set value of the temperature of the cold surface;
in this step, the sample hot surface may be heated by the heating unit so that the temperature of the center point of the sample hot surface is stabilized at the hot surface temperature set value; the lower surface (i.e., the cold side) of the sample can be cooled by a cooling water circulator and a cooling plate to ensure that the temperature of the cold side of the sample does not exceed the highest tolerable temperature of the plane heat flow meter below the sample.
Under the conditions that the power of the heating plate is constant and the working state of the cooling circulating water machine is stable, the temperature of the central point of the cold surface of the sample can gradually reach a certain stable temperature value (the value cannot exceed the highest tolerance temperature value of the plane heat flow meter);
step S2: collecting the temperature of the central points of the hot surface and the cold surface of the sample, and the edge temperature of the central metering area of the hot surface and the cold surface;
preferably, the cross-sectional dimensions of the sample are 300mm × 300mm; the central metering region is a circular region of Φ 100mm in the sample.
And step S3: based on the temperature collected in step S2, an evaluation result of the heat loss ratio on the side wall surface of the central metering region of the sample is obtained. Specifically, the step S3 includes:
step S31: obtaining the heat loss of a central metering area of the sample along the in-plane direction; the heat loss is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein λ represents the thermal conductivity of the sample; l represents the thickness of the sample; t is h0 、T l0 Respectively showing the central point temperature of the hot surface and the cold surface of the sample, wherein the central metering area takes the center of the sample as the center of a circle and r as the center of the circle 2 Is a circle with a radius; r is a radical of hydrogen 1 Taking 0.9-0.95 times of r 2 ；T h2 The edge temperature of the central metering area of the hot surface of the sample is shown; t is l2 The temperature at the edge of the central metering zone of the cold side of the sample is shown.
Step S32: obtaining effective heat flow in the thickness direction in a central metering area of the sample; obtaining the effective heat flow according to the following formula:
step S33: and taking the ratio of the heat loss to the effective heat flow as an evaluation result of the heat loss ratio of the side wall surface of the central metering area of the sample, namely:
the equations (1) to (3) used in the present embodiment are obtained based on the following derivation process:
as shown in FIG. 2, the lower surface of the sample is assumed to be in the X-O-Y plane and upward in the thickness direction is the Z-axis direction. The specimen thickness is L. The thermal conductivity of the sample is λ. The temperatures of the central points A and B of the upper and lower surfaces of the sample are respectively T h0 And T l0 Upper and lower surfaces from the center point r 2 Respectively has a temperature of T at the C and D points h2 And T l2 . Assuming that the temperature along the lower surface to the upper surface of the specimen increases linearly; in the same horizontal plane, from the central point to a distance r 2 The temperature on the circumference of (a) is linearly decreasing.
1)r 2 Radial cylindrical sidewall surface heat flow estimation
Intercepting points E and F along line segments AC and BD respectively, and making AE = BF = r 1 ，r 1 Slightly less than r 2 Generally, r 1 Taking 0.9-0.95 times of r 2 。
The line sections EF and CD rotate around AB for one circle respectively to form an inner diameter r 1 Outer diameter of r 2 And a virtual cylindrical wall surface with a height L.
The upper surface of the sample is from A point to C point, and the temperature is from T h0 Down to T h2 Assuming that the temperature varies linearly over this distance,
the radius of the point A is r (in the range of 0-r) 2 In between) is:
thus, the distance r 1 The temperature at point E of (a) is:
similarly, the temperature of the lower surface of the sample is from point B to point D and from T l0 Down to T l2 Assuming that the temperature varies linearly over this distance, the temperature distribution at radius r from point B is:
thus, the distance r 1 The temperature at point F of (a) is:
on the assumption that the temperature of the sample linearly changes in the thickness direction, the temperature changes in the inner wall surface (r) of the cylinder 1 ) Upper, lower and upper temperature distribution T 1 (z) is:
in the same way, the outer wall surface (r) of the cylinder 2 ) Upper, lower and upper temperature distribution T 2 (z) is
Therefore, along the inner wall surface (r) of the cylinder 1 ) To the outer wall surface (r) 2 ) The heat loss of (a) is:
the (5) and (6) are brought into the above formula to be sorted and integrated
This is the heat flow loss in the in-plane direction in the central metering region of the sample.
2) Calculation of heat flow in thickness direction in a central measurement area of a sample
Obtaining the distance r between the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample from a central point r by the formulas (4) and (5) 2 In the circle of (a), therefore, from r 2 The heat flow passing from the upper surface to the lower surface of the formed cylinder can be calculated by the following formula
Carry formulas (4) and (5) into the above formulas for post-finishing and integration
3) Method for estimating proportion of heat loss in-plane direction
The relative ratio of the sidewall surface heat loss and the effective heat flow in the central metering region obtained from equations (8) and (10) is as follows
The relative proportion between the heat loss and the effective heat flow in the central metering area of the sample can be conveniently estimated by the formula (7), so that the influence degree of the heat flow loss can be evaluated.
This example derives the calculation method of the relative ratio of the sidewall surface heat loss and the effective heat flow when there is unevenness in the temperature in the central metering region of the sample, which is measured by the large-temperature-difference heat-flow-meter heat-conducting instrument, and obtains equations (1) - (3).
According to the measured thickness of the sample, the central points of the upper and lower surfaces of the sample and the edge r of the metering area by using the formulas (1) - (3) 2 The influence degree of the heat loss of the side wall surface of the sample on the calculation of the heat conductivity can be conveniently evaluated by using 4 temperature measurement values, and the measurement uncertainty can be conveniently and effectively evaluated.
Example 2
An example of calculating heat loss using the evaluation method of embodiment 1 is disclosed as one specific embodiment of the present invention:
suppose that: thickness of sample L =20mm, radius of central metering area r 2 =50mm, take r 1 ＝0.95r 2 Temperature T of central point of heat-collecting surface h0 =1000 ℃, edge temperature T of central metering zone h2 =950 ℃, the temperature non-uniformity of the hot face is 5%; temperature T of central point of cold surface l0 =25 ℃, edge temperature T of measurement zone l2 ＝24.5℃，
Substituting the data into formula (3) can obtain the following calculation:
from the above results, it can be seen that when the temperature of the central measurement region of the hot surface of the sample is 1000 ℃, the side heat loss due to the 5% temperature unevenness occupies 0.84% of the effective heat flow, and the occupation ratio is relatively small.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the flow of the method implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a computer readable storage medium, to instruct related hardware. The computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory or a random access memory, etc.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for evaluating the heat loss ratio of the side wall surface of the central metering area based on the heat conductivity meter is characterized in that the section size of a sample is 300mm multiplied by 300mm; the central metering area is a circular area with phi of 100mm in the sample;
the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a sample into a heat conduction instrument, controlling the temperature of the central point of the hot surface of the sample to be stable at a set value of the temperature of the hot surface, and controlling the temperature of the central point of the cold surface of the sample to be stable at a set value of the temperature of the cold surface;
step S2: collecting the temperature of the central points of the hot surface and the cold surface of the sample, and the edge temperature of the central metering area of the hot surface and the cold surface;
and step S3: obtaining an evaluation result of the heat loss ratio of the side wall surface of the central metering area of the sample based on the temperature collected in the step S2;
the step S3 includes:
step S31: obtaining the heat loss of a central metering area of the sample along the in-plane direction;
in the step S31, the heat loss is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein λ represents the thermal conductivity of the sample; l represents the thickness of the sample; t is h0 、T l0 Respectively representing the central point temperature of the hot surface and the cold surface of the sample; the central metering area takes the center of the sample as the center of a circle and r as the center of a circle 2 Is a circle with a radius; r is 1 Taking 0.9-0.95 times of r 2 ；T h2 The edge temperature of the central metering area of the hot surface of the sample is shown; t is l2 The edge temperature of the central metering area of the cold surface of the sample is shown;
step S32: obtaining effective heat flow in the thickness direction in a central measuring area of a sample;
in step S32, the effective heat flow is obtained according to the following formula:
step S33: and taking the ratio of the heat loss to the effective heat flow as an evaluation result of the heat loss ratio of the side wall surface of the central metering area of the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the method of assessing the ratio of heat loss to side wall area of a central metering region of a thermal conductivity meter,
in the step S1, the temperature of the central point of the cold surface of the sample is controlled to be stabilized at the set value of the cold surface temperature by the cooling circulating water machine and the cooling plate.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the cold side temperature set point does not exceed a maximum tolerable temperature value for a planar heat flow meter located beneath the test piece.
4. The method of thermal conductivity meter-based assessment of side wall heat loss ratio of central metering region according to any of claims 1 to 3,
the thermal conductivity meter includes: the system comprises a vacuum unit, a heating unit, an in-situ thickness measuring unit and a signal acquisition and processing unit, wherein the heating unit is positioned in the vacuum unit, the vacuum unit is used for providing a testing environment with adjustable and controllable gas pressure and atmosphere for the heating unit, the in-situ thickness measuring unit is used for measuring the thickness of a sample in situ in real time in the testing process, and the signal acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring the temperature of the hot surface and the central point of the cold surface of the sample, the temperature of the edge of the central metering area of the hot surface and the cold surface, the heat flux density of the sample and the thickness of the sample and calculating to obtain the heat conductivity;
the heating unit comprises a high-temperature assembly and a low-temperature assembly, wherein the high-temperature assembly comprises a uniform temperature plate, a heating plate and a heat insulation layer which are sequentially stacked; the heating temperature of the heating plate gradually increases in a direction gradually away from the center of the heating plate;
the temperature equalizing plate is used for placing the sample between the low-temperature components.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cryogenic assembly comprises a pedestal, a lower cold plate, a thermally conductive rubber pad, and a heat flux gauge platen, which are stacked in sequence, and wherein the plurality of heat flux gauges are embedded on a side of the thermally conductive rubber pad facing the heat flux gauge platen.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the temperature of the center point of the hot side of the sample is stabilized at the set hot side temperature by activating the heating unit.
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| 《固体材料导热率测量标准装置的研究》;邓建斌;《中国优秀硕士论文电子期刊网》;20080315(第3期);第18-21页 * |
| 《导热仪的热损问题》;金态权;《吉林工学院学报》;19901231;第11卷(第4期);第60-62、64页 * |
| 金态权.《导热仪的热损问题》.《吉林工学院学报》.1990,第11卷(第4期), * |
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