CN112484848A - Ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device and a detection method thereof. The invention utilizes the fact that the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal strongly depends on the peak power of the laser pulse, the larger the peak power of the laser pulse is, the higher the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect is, the nonlinear crystal is set, and an average power detection tool is adopted to receive the average power of the laser pulse converted by the nonlinear effect, dispersion compensation is carried out on the laser pulse by adjusting a dispersion adjustment device in a CPA system, when the average power is the highest, the highest peak power which can be obtained at the moment is obtained, the energy of the laser pulse is obtained by combining with the measurement of an energy meter, and the pulse width of the laser pulse is obtained by the measurement of a pulse width measurement device, so that the peak power at an application terminal is obtained; the invention can directly obtain the highest peak power of the system at the application terminal, is applied to a vacuum system, is very suitable for measuring the highest peak power of the application terminal in vacuum and solves the problem of pulse width parameter measurement in vacuum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser, in particular to an ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device and a detection method thereof.
Background
After self-chirped laser pulse amplification (CPA) extraction, the peak power of the laser is ramped. At present, the peak power of laser pulse can reach several PW (10)15W), the laser intensity can reach 1022W/cm2. A common CPA system is shown in fig. 1, where an oscillator generates ultrashort pulses (pulses)The pulse width is usually picosecond or femtosecond magnitude), a pulse is subjected to time broadening through a broadening device to obtain a long pulse (the pulse width length is dozens of picoseconds to nanosecond magnitude, the specific broadened pulse width length depends on the energy which needs to be amplified finally), the broadened long pulse is subjected to energy amplification through an amplifier group to obtain a high-energy pulse, and the time scale of the high-energy laser pulse is compressed to the minimum (returned to the pulse width magnitude of the seed source) through a compressor to obtain a high-peak-value-power intense-field laser pulse.
The peak power of the laser pulse is one of the laser and its important parameters, and usually the absolute value of the peak power of the laser pulse cannot be directly measured, but is calculated by the following formula:
wherein I is the peak power of the laser pulse, E is the energy of the laser pulse, and T is the width of the laser pulse. The peak power of the laser pulse can be estimated by measuring the 2 parameters of the laser pulse energy and the pulse width. It can be seen from this equation that achieving high peak power, in addition to increasing laser energy, compressing laser pulse width is another important approach. Usually, the energy E of the laser pulse can be directly measured by an energy meter, and the width T of the laser pulse can be accurately measured by a pulse width measuring instrument, so that the accurate value of the laser peak power can be obtained through calculation.
However, laser pulse widths, especially femtosecond laser pulse widths, are highly susceptible to chromatic dispersion. In CPA systems, even if the compressor compensates for system dispersion well, making the laser the shortest pulse width available to the CPA system at its output, the dispersion inevitably introduced in subsequent optical transmission and application will broaden the laser pulse width so that the width of the laser pulse arriving at the application terminal is not the shortest pulse width of the system. In the measurement of the width of the laser pulse, the laser needs to be transmitted to the measuring device by using an optical element such as a mirror, and the measuring device contains a large number of optical elements inside, which inevitably introduce dispersion, so that the measured width of the laser pulse is not consistent with the width of the laser pulse at the application terminal. In measurement, the shortest pulse width that can be obtained by the CPA system is measured by adjusting a chromatic dispersion device such as a compressor in the CPA system to compensate the chromatic dispersion introduced by the various elements, but the chromatic dispersion experienced by the pulse at the application terminal is different from the chromatic dispersion received by the measurement equipment, so that the pulse width at the application terminal is not the pulse width measured by the measurement system, namely the pulse width at the application terminal is not the shortest pulse width of the system. Since the measuring device measures the shortest pulse width available to the system, the highest peak power that can be achieved by the CPA system is obtained in combination with the laser energy information, and considering the dispersion introduced by transmission, measuring devices and the like, the peak power at the application terminal is not the highest peak power that can be achieved by the system, which inevitably loses the maximum potential of laser application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device and a detection method thereof.
One objective of the present invention is to provide an ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection apparatus.
The CPA system sequentially comprises a seed source, a stretcher, an amplifier group and a compressor; the seed source obtains long laser pulses after pulse stretching is carried out on the pulses through a stretcher; then enters an amplifier group, sequentially passes through a preceding amplifier group and a beam expanding system, then is amplified by a first-stage amplifier, and then enters a second-stage amplifier to be amplified, so as to obtain high-energy laser pulses; the high-energy laser pulse is compressed to the minimum time scale through the compressor, so that the high-field laser pulse with high peak power is obtained and transmitted to an application terminal, and the width of the laser pulse is changed due to the introduction of dispersion in the transmission process.
Measuring energy and shortest pulse width at application terminal using formula
And obtaining the peak power of the CPA system at the application terminal, wherein I is the peak power of the laser pulse, E is the energy of the laser pulse, and T is the width of the laser pulse. The pulse width measuring device measures the shortest pulse width at the application terminal, however, as mentioned above, the transmission-induced dispersion due to the self-dispersion of the measuring device, both of which result in the shortest pulse width not being measured at the application terminal.
At the application terminal, the user is more concerned about whether the peak power achievable at the application terminal is the highest of the peak powers achievable by the CPA system. Therefore, the invention can directly obtain the highest peak power of the CPA system at the application terminal by obtaining the relatively highest peak power at the application terminal and combining the method for measuring and calculating the peak power of the CPA system.
The ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device of the invention comprises: the device comprises an energy meter, a pulse width measuring device, a nonlinear crystal, an optical filter and an average power detection tool; the method comprises the steps that an energy meter and a pulse width measuring device are arranged at an application terminal, a laser pulse output from a compressor of a CPA system is transmitted to the application terminal, the energy meter measures the energy E of the laser pulse, and the pulse width measuring device measures the pulse width T of the laser pulse; evacuating the energy meter and pulse width measurement device, placing the nonlinear crystal after the compressor of the CPA system and before the application terminal; arranging an optical filter and an average power detection tool between the nonlinear crystal and an application terminal in sequence, wherein the average power detection tool is arranged at the application terminal; laser pulses output from the compressor of a CPA system at a wavelength λ0(ii) a The laser pulse passes through the nonlinear crystal, the frequency conversion is carried out by the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal, the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is generated, and the unconverted wavelength lambda is remained0The laser pulse of (2); laser pulse of wavelength lambda and wavelength lambda0Passes through a filter which is highly transmissive to laser pulses of wavelength lambda and simultaneously transmits laser pulses of wavelength lambda0The laser pulse of (2) is highly reflected, and after passing through the optical filter, the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda x is filtered out, and only the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is reserved; the transmitted laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is received by an average power detection tool and measured to obtain the laser pulse with the wavelength lambdaThe average power of the bursts; the average power detection tool adopts a power meter which is positioned at an application terminal and directly reads the average power through the power meter; or, the average power detection tool adopts an attenuation sheet, an image acquisition device and a computer, the image acquisition device is placed at an application terminal, the attenuation sheet is positioned between the optical filter and the image acquisition device, the image acquisition device is connected to the computer, laser pulses with the wavelength lambda after passing through the optical filter are attenuated by the attenuation sheet and then received by the image acquisition device, so that light spot data received by the image acquisition device are not saturated, the light spot data shot by the image acquisition device is transmitted to the computer, the data related to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device is obtained by processing through the computer, and the data is in direct proportion to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device; the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal strongly depends on the peak power of the laser pulse, the higher the peak power of the laser pulse is, the higher the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal is, and the higher the power of the generated laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is, so that the highest average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda measured by the average power detection tool represents the highest peak power output by the CPA system; adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system, changing dispersion of the CPA system, and performing dispersion compensation on laser pulses, wherein the additional dispersion introduced by transmission is compensated by the dispersion adjusting device, and the pulse width is reduced to increase the peak power, so that the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect is improved, the power of the generated laser pulses with the wavelength lambda is increased, and the average power obtained by an average power detection tool is improved; when the average power obtained by the average power detection tool is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power which can be obtained by the CPA system, and the value of the peak power is
Thereby obtaining the highest peak power of the application terminal.
For the convenience of observation, the data of the power meter can be transmitted to a computer for processing, and the change of the power value along with the time can be displayed in real time. When the data in the displayed data graph is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power available for the system.
The laser pulses at the application terminal may be focused or may be parallel beams.
The nonlinear crystal adopts frequency doubling crystal.
The image acquisition device adopts a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera.
The dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system is a compressor or a stretcher in the CPA system or other dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting relative peak power of ultrashort pulses.
The invention discloses a method for detecting relative peak power of ultrashort pulses, which comprises the following steps:
1) arranging an energy meter and a pulse width measuring device at an application terminal;
2) transmitting the laser pulse output from the compressor of the CPA system to an application terminal, measuring by an energy meter to obtain the energy E of the laser pulse, and measuring by a pulse width measuring device to obtain the pulse width T of the laser pulse;
3) evacuating the energy meter and the pulse width measuring device;
4) arranging a nonlinear crystal behind a compressor of the CPA system and in front of an application terminal, and sequentially arranging an optical filter and an average power detection tool between the nonlinear crystal and the application terminal, wherein the average power detection tool is placed at the application terminal;
5) laser pulses output from the compressor of a CPA system at a wavelength λ0；
6) The laser pulse passes through the nonlinear crystal, the frequency conversion is carried out by the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal, the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is generated, and the unconverted wavelength lambda is remained0The laser pulse of (2);
7) laser pulse of wavelength lambda and wavelength lambda0Passes through a filter which is highly transmissive to laser pulses of wavelength lambda and simultaneously transmits laser pulses of wavelength lambda0Is highly reflected and passes through the optical filter at a wavelength lambda0Laser pulse ofFiltered out, only the laser pulse of wavelength λ is retained;
8) the transmitted laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is received by an average power detection tool, and the average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is measured, wherein the average power detection tool adopts a power meter, or the average power detection tool adopts an attenuation sheet, an image acquisition device and a computer:
a) the average power detection tool adopts a power meter which is positioned at an application terminal and directly reads the average power through the power meter;
b) the average power detection tool adopts an attenuation sheet, an image acquisition device and a computer, the image acquisition device is placed at an application terminal, the attenuation sheet is positioned between an optical filter and the image acquisition device, the image acquisition device is connected to the computer, laser pulses with the wavelength lambda after passing through the optical filter are attenuated by the attenuation sheet and then received by the image acquisition device, light spot data received by the image acquisition device are ensured to be unsaturated, the light spot data shot by the image acquisition device are transmitted to the computer, the data related to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device are obtained by processing through the computer, and the data are in direct proportion to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device;
9) the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal strongly depends on the peak power of the laser pulse, the higher the peak power of the laser pulse is, the higher the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal is, and the higher the power of the generated laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is, so that the highest average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda measured by the average power detection tool represents the highest peak power output by the CPA system; adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system, changing dispersion of the CPA system, and performing dispersion compensation on laser pulses, wherein the additional dispersion introduced by transmission is compensated by the dispersion adjusting device, and the pulse width is reduced to increase the peak power, so that the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect is improved, the power of the generated laser pulses with the wavelength lambda is increased, and the average power obtained by an average power detection tool is improved; when the average power obtained by the average power detection tool is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the CPAThe highest peak power that the system can obtain is
Thereby obtaining the highest peak power of the application terminal.
In step 8), the light spot data shot by the image acquisition device is transmitted to a computer for processing, and the method comprises two methods:
i. the computer collects the light spot data of the image collecting device, reads the maximum value in each frame of light spot data and displays the maximum value; when the peak power is higher, the laser pulse of lambda generated by frequency conversion of the nonlinear effect is stronger; performing dispersion compensation on the laser pulse by adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system to enable the peak power at the application terminal to be the highest peak power which can be obtained when the read maximum value data is the highest;
the computer collects the light spot data of the image acquisition device, sums the light spot data and displays the light spot data; when the peak power is higher, the nonlinear effect carries out frequency conversion to generate stronger laser pulse with the wavelength lambda; and pre-compensating the laser pulse by adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system, so that when the sum of the light spot data is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power which can be obtained.
The invention has the advantages that:
the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal strongly depends on the peak power of the laser pulse, the higher the peak power of the laser pulse is, the higher the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal is, the nonlinear crystal is arranged in front of the application terminal, the average power detection tool is arranged in front of the application terminal to receive the average power of the laser pulse converted by the nonlinear effect, the dispersion compensation is carried out on the laser pulse by adjusting the dispersion adjustment device in the CPA system, when the average power at the application terminal is the highest, the highest peak power which can be obtained by the CPA system is obtained at the moment, the energy E of the laser pulse and the pulse width T of the laser pulse which can be measured by the pulse width measurement device are obtained by combining the measurement of the energy meter, and the peak power at the application terminal is obtained; the invention can directly obtain the highest peak power of the system at the application terminal, particularly can be directly applied to a vacuum system, is very suitable for measuring the highest peak power of the application terminal in vacuum and solves the problem of pulse width parameter measurement in vacuum.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a CPA system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an apparatus for detecting relative peak power of ultrashort pulses according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a second embodiment of an apparatus for ultra-short pulse detection with respect to peak power according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the CPA system comprises a seed source, a stretcher, an amplifier group and a compressor in sequence; the seed source obtains long laser pulses after pulse stretching is carried out on the pulses through a stretcher; then enters an amplifier group, sequentially passes through a preceding amplifier group and a beam expanding system, then is amplified by a first-stage amplifier, and then enters a second-stage amplifier to be amplified, so as to obtain high-energy laser pulses; the high-energy laser pulse is compressed to the minimum time scale through the compressor, so that the high-field laser pulse with high peak power is obtained and transmitted to an application terminal, and the width of the laser pulse is changed due to the introduction of dispersion in the transmission process.
Measuring energy and shortest pulse width at application terminal using formula
And obtaining the peak power of the CPA system at the application terminal, wherein I is the peak power of the laser pulse, E is the energy of the laser pulse, and T is the width of the laser pulse. The pulse width measuring device measures the shortest pulse width at the application terminal, however, as mentioned above, the transmission-induced dispersion due to the self-dispersion of the measuring device, both of which result in the shortest pulse width not being measured at the application terminal.
At the application terminal, the user is more concerned about whether the peak power achievable at the application terminal is the highest of the peak powers achievable by the CPA system. Therefore, the invention can directly obtain the highest peak power of the CPA system at the application terminal by obtaining the relatively highest peak power at the application terminal and combining the method for measuring and calculating the peak power of the CPA system.
Example one
In this embodiment, the average power detection means employs a power meter, and as shown in fig. 2, the ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection apparatus of this embodiment includes: the energy meter, the pulse width measuring device, the nonlinear crystal 1, the optical filter 2 and the power meter 3; the energy meter measures the energy E of the laser pulse, and then the pulse width T of the laser pulse is measured by combining with the pulse width measuring device; evacuating the energy meter and pulse width measuring device, and arranging the nonlinear crystal 1 after the compressor of the CPA system and before the application terminal; an optical filter 2 and an average power detection tool are sequentially arranged between the nonlinear crystal 1 and an application terminal, and the average power detection tool is placed on a receiving surface of the application terminal; laser pulses output from the compressor of the CPA system as fundamental frequency light at a wavelength λ0The wavelengths all refer to the center wavelength; the laser pulse passes through the nonlinear crystal 1, the nonlinear crystal 1 adopts a frequency doubling crystal to double the frequency of the laser pulse to generate a wavelength lambda0Frequency-doubled light of/2, and the remaining unconverted wavelength lambda0The fundamental frequency light of (1); wavelength lambda0Frequency doubling light and wavelength lambda of/20Passes through a filter 2, the filter 2 being at a wavelength λ0Per 2 high transmission of frequency-doubled light while vs. wavelength lambda0Is highly reflected, and has a wavelength lambda after passing through the optical filter 20Is filtered out, only the wavelength lambda is reserved0Frequency-doubled light of/2; wavelength lambda0The frequency doubling light of/2 is received by a power meter 3, and the peak power of the laser pulse is measured; the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal 1 strongly depends on the peak power of the laser pulse, the higher the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal 1, and the wavelength λ generated0The stronger the frequency-doubled light is; adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system, changing the dispersion of the CPA system, performing dispersion compensation on laser pulses, wherein the additional dispersion introduced by transmission is compensated by the dispersion adjusting device, and the pulse width is reduced to increase the peak power, so that the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect is improved, the power of the generated laser pulses with the wavelength lambda is increased, and the average power obtained by a power meter 3 is improved; when the average power obtained by the power meter 3 is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power that the CPA system can obtain, and the value is
For the convenience of observation, the data of the power meter 3 can be transmitted to a computer for processing, and the change of the power value along with the time can be displayed in real time. When the data in the displayed data graph is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power available for the system.
Example two
In this embodiment, the average power detection tool employs an image capturing device, and the image capturing device is a CCD camera, as shown in fig. 3, the ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device of this embodiment includes: the device comprises an energy meter, a pulse width measuring device, a nonlinear crystal 1, an optical filter 2 and an average power detection tool; the energy meter measures the energy E of the laser pulse, and then the pulse width T of the laser pulse is measured by combining with the pulse width measuring device; evacuating the energy meter and pulse width measuring device, and arranging the nonlinear crystal 1 after the compressor of the CPA system and before the application terminal; an optical filter 2 and an average power detection tool are sequentially arranged between the nonlinear crystal 1 and an application terminal, and the average power detection tool is placed on a receiving surface of the application terminal; laser pulses output from the compressor of the CPA system as fundamental frequency light at a wavelength λ0(ii) a The laser pulse passes through the nonlinear crystal 1, is frequency-converted by the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal 1 to generate a laser pulse with a wavelength lambda, and leaves the wavelength lambda unconverted0The fundamental frequency light of (1); the laser pulse passes through the nonlinear crystal 1, the nonlinear crystal 1 adopts a frequency doubling crystal to double the frequency of the laser pulse to generate a wavelength lambda0Frequency-doubled light of/2, and the remaining unconverted wavelength lambda0The laser pulse of (2); wavelength lambda0Frequency doubling light and wavelength lambda of/20Passes through a filter 2, the filter 2 being at a wavelength λ0Per 2 high transmission of frequency-doubled light while vs. wavelength lambda0Is highly reflected, and has a wavelength lambda after passing through the optical filter 20Is filtered out, only the wavelength lambda is reserved0Frequency-doubled light of/2; wavelength lambda0The frequency doubling light of/2 is received by an average power detection tool, and the peak power of the laser pulse is measured; the average power detection tool adopts an attenuation sheet 4, a CCD camera 5 and a computer 6, the CCD camera 5 is placed at an application terminal, the attenuation sheet 4 is positioned between the optical filter 2 and the CCD camera 5, the CCD camera 5 is connected to the computer 6, and the wavelength lambda passing through the optical filter 2 is0The frequency doubling light of/2 is received by the CCD camera 5 after being attenuated by the attenuation sheet 4, so that the light spot data received by the CCD camera 5 is not saturated, the light spot data shot by the CCD camera 5 is transmitted to the computer 6, the data related to the average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device is obtained by processing the data through the computer 6, and the data is in direct proportion to the average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device, and the method comprises the following two methods: the computer 6 collects the light spot data of the CCD camera 5, reads the maximum value in each frame of light spot data and displays the maximum value; when the peak power of the laser pulse is larger, the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal 1 is higher, and the generated wavelength lambda is0The stronger the frequency-doubled light is; performing dispersion compensation on laser pulses by adjusting a compressor or a stretcher in a CPA system or other dispersion adjusting devices in a laser to enable the peak power at an application terminal to be the highest peak power which can be obtained when the read maximum value data is the highest; or the computer 6 collects the light spot data of the CCD camera 5, sums the light spot data and displays the sum; when the peak power of the laser pulse is larger, the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal 1 is higher, and the generated wavelength lambda is0The stronger the frequency-doubled light is; by regulatingA compressor or a stretcher in the CPA system or other dispersion adjusting devices in the laser are used for pre-compensating the laser pulse, so that when the sum of the light spot data is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power which can be obtained; when the obtained peak power is highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power which can be obtained by the CPA system and the value of the peak power is
The peak power of the laser pulse injected into the nonlinear crystal 1 in the embodiment is larger than GW/cm2And is smaller than the damage threshold of the nonlinear crystal 1.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A self-chirped laser pulse amplification CPA system sequentially comprises a seed source, a stretcher, an amplifier group and a compressor; the seed source obtains long laser pulses after pulse stretching is carried out on the pulses through a stretcher; then enters an amplifier group, sequentially passes through a preceding amplifier group and a beam expanding system, then is amplified by a first-stage amplifier, and then enters a second-stage amplifier to be amplified, so as to obtain high-energy laser pulses; the high-energy laser pulse is compressed to the minimum time scale through the compressor finally, thus obtain the high-field laser pulse of the high peak power, transmit to the application terminal, in the course of transmitting, will change the width of the laser pulse because of the introduction of the chromatic dispersion, characterized by that, the relative peak power detection device of said ultrashort pulse includes: the device comprises an energy meter, a pulse width measuring device, a nonlinear crystal, an optical filter and an average power detection tool; wherein an energy meter is arranged at the application terminal andthe pulse width measuring device is used for transmitting the laser pulse output by the compressor of the CPA system to the application terminal, measuring the energy E of the laser pulse by the energy meter and measuring the pulse width T of the laser pulse by the pulse width measuring device; evacuating the energy meter and pulse width measurement device, placing the nonlinear crystal after the compressor of the CPA system and before the application terminal; arranging an optical filter and an average power detection tool between the nonlinear crystal and an application terminal in sequence, wherein the average power detection tool is arranged at the application terminal; laser pulses output from the compressor of a CPA system at a wavelength λ0(ii) a The laser pulse passes through the nonlinear crystal, the frequency conversion is carried out by the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal, the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is generated, and the unconverted wavelength lambda is remained0The laser pulse of (2); laser pulse of wavelength lambda and wavelength lambda0Passes through a filter which is highly transmissive to laser pulses of wavelength lambda and simultaneously transmits laser pulses of wavelength lambda0Is highly reflected and passes through the optical filter at a wavelength lambda0The laser pulses of (a) are filtered out, only the laser pulses of wavelength λ are retained; the transmitted laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is received by an average power detection tool, and the average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is measured; the average power detection tool adopts a power meter which is positioned at an application terminal and directly reads the average power through the power meter; or, the average power detection tool adopts an attenuation sheet, an image acquisition device and a computer, the image acquisition device is placed at an application terminal, the attenuation sheet is positioned between the optical filter and the image acquisition device, the image acquisition device is connected to the computer, laser pulses with the wavelength lambda after passing through the optical filter are attenuated by the attenuation sheet and then received by the image acquisition device, so that light spot data received by the image acquisition device are not saturated, the light spot data shot by the image acquisition device is transmitted to the computer, the data related to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device is obtained by processing through the computer, and the data is in direct proportion to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength received by the image acquisition device; the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal strongly depends on the peak power of the laser pulse, and the larger the peak power of the laser pulse is, the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal isThe higher the conversion efficiency is, the higher the power of the generated laser pulse with the wavelength λ is, so that the highest average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength λ measured by the average power detection tool represents that the peak power output by the CPA system is the highest; adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system, changing dispersion of the CPA system, and performing dispersion compensation on laser pulses, wherein the additional dispersion introduced by transmission is compensated by the dispersion adjusting device, and the pulse width is reduced to increase the peak power, so that the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect is improved, the power of the generated laser pulses with the wavelength lambda is increased, and the average power obtained by an average power detection tool is improved; when the average power obtained by the average power detection tool is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power which can be obtained by the CPA system, and the value of the peak power is
Thereby obtaining the highest peak power of the application terminal.
2. The ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device of claim 1 wherein the power meter is connected to a computer, and data of the power meter is transmitted to the computer for processing, and real-time display of power value changes with time.
3. The ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device of claim 1 wherein the nonlinear crystal is a frequency doubling crystal.
4. The ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device of claim 1 wherein the image acquisition device employs a charge coupled device camera.
5. The ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device of claim 1 wherein the dispersion adjustment device in the CPA system is a compressor or a stretcher in the CPA system or other dispersion adjustment device in the CPA system.
6. The ultrashort pulse relative peak power detection device of claim 1 wherein the peak power of the laser pulse injected into the nonlinear crystal is greater than GW/cm2And is smaller than the damage threshold of the nonlinear crystal.
7. A method for detecting relative peak power of ultrashort pulses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging an energy meter and a pulse width measuring device at an application terminal;
2) transmitting the laser pulse output from the compressor of the CPA system to an application terminal, measuring by an energy meter to obtain the energy E of the laser pulse, and measuring by a pulse width measuring device to obtain the pulse width T of the laser pulse;
3) evacuating the energy meter and the pulse width measuring device;
4) arranging a nonlinear crystal behind a compressor of the CPA system and in front of an application terminal, and sequentially arranging an optical filter and an average power detection tool between the nonlinear crystal and the application terminal, wherein the average power detection tool is placed at the application terminal;
5) laser pulses output from the compressor of a CPA system at a wavelength λ0；
6) The laser pulse passes through the nonlinear crystal, the frequency conversion is carried out by the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal, the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is generated, and the unconverted wavelength lambda is remained0The laser pulse of (2);
7) laser pulse of wavelength lambda and wavelength lambda0Passes through a filter which is highly transmissive to laser pulses of wavelength lambda and simultaneously transmits laser pulses of wavelength lambda0Is highly reflected and passes through the optical filter at a wavelength lambda0The laser pulses of (a) are filtered out, only the laser pulses of wavelength λ are retained;
8) the transmitted laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is received by an average power detection tool, and the average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is measured, wherein the average power detection tool adopts a power meter, or the average power detection tool adopts an attenuation sheet, an image acquisition device and a computer:
a) the average power detection tool adopts a power meter which is positioned at an application terminal and directly reads the average power through the power meter;
b) the average power detection tool adopts an attenuation sheet, an image acquisition device and a computer, the image acquisition device is placed at an application terminal, the attenuation sheet is positioned between an optical filter and the image acquisition device, the image acquisition device is connected to the computer, laser pulses with the wavelength lambda after passing through the optical filter are attenuated by the attenuation sheet and then received by the image acquisition device, light spot data received by the image acquisition device are ensured to be unsaturated, the light spot data shot by the image acquisition device are transmitted to the computer, the data related to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device are obtained by processing through the computer, and the data are in direct proportion to the average power of the laser pulses with the wavelength lambda received by the image acquisition device;
9) the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal strongly depends on the peak power of the laser pulse, the higher the peak power of the laser pulse is, the higher the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect of the nonlinear crystal is, and the higher the power of the generated laser pulse with the wavelength lambda is, so that the highest average power of the laser pulse with the wavelength lambda measured by the average power detection tool represents the highest peak power output by the CPA system; adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system, changing dispersion of the CPA system, and performing dispersion compensation on laser pulses, wherein the additional dispersion introduced by transmission is compensated by the dispersion adjusting device, and the pulse width is reduced to increase the peak power, so that the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear effect is improved, the power of the generated laser pulses with the wavelength lambda is increased, and the average power obtained by an average power detection tool is improved; when the average power obtained by the average power detection tool is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power which can be obtained by the CPA system, and the value of the peak power is
Thereby obtaining the highest peak power of the application terminal.
8. The detection method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step 8), the data of the light spots captured by the image capturing device is transmitted to a computer for processing, and the method comprises two methods:
i. the computer collects the light spot data of the image collecting device, reads the maximum value in each frame of light spot data and displays the maximum value; when the peak power is higher, the laser pulse of lambda generated by frequency conversion of the nonlinear effect is stronger; performing dispersion compensation on the laser pulse by adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system to enable the peak power at the application terminal to be the highest peak power which can be obtained when the read maximum value data is the highest;
the computer collects the light spot data of the image acquisition device, sums the light spot data and displays the light spot data; when the peak power is higher, the nonlinear effect carries out frequency conversion to generate stronger laser pulse with the wavelength lambda; and pre-compensating the laser pulse by adjusting a dispersion adjusting device in the CPA system, so that when the sum of the light spot data is the highest, the peak power at the application terminal is the highest peak power which can be obtained.
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