CN112481665B - Samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112481665B CN112481665B CN202011154965.8A CN202011154965A CN112481665B CN 112481665 B CN112481665 B CN 112481665B CN 202011154965 A CN202011154965 A CN 202011154965A CN 112481665 B CN112481665 B CN 112481665B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids
- H01F41/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids using electric currents, e.g. electroplating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution, which comprises the following components in mass concentration: 5-15 g/L of cobalt salt, 10-40 g/L of iron salt, 8-30 g/L of samarium salt, 10-35 g/L of complexing agent, 3-7 g/L of boric acid, 2-5 g/L of glacial acetic acid, 3-6 g/L of sodium citrate, 1-3 g/L of potassium phosphate or potassium nitrate and water as solvent. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution. The electroplating solution can be used for simultaneously depositing three elements of Sm, Fe and Co, and the samarium-iron-cobalt film prepared by the electroplating solution has the advantages of controllable element content, uniform element distribution and the like; the invention provides excellent ligand and electroplating solution for the development of a new generation of rare earth permanent magnet material Sm (FeCo) 12. The samarium-iron-cobalt amorphous film prepared by the electroplating solution has higher saturation magnetic induction intensity and intrinsic coercive force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroplating, in particular to samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating liquid and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The electrochemical deposition technology has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and the like, and has very wide application in the aspects of surface treatment, magnetic material preparation and the like. The conventional electrochemical deposition technology for preparing the magnetic film only aims at binary alloy, and particularly when preparing an alloy film containing rare earth elements, the binary codeposition with other transition group metals is difficult to realize due to the higher reduction potential of the rare earth elements.
In the prior art, some electroplating solutions can realize the codeposition of the Sm-Fe binary alloy, but cannot realize the codeposition of the Sm-Fe-Co ternary alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution and a preparation method thereof to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a samarium iron cobalt thin film electroplating solution, comprising the following components in mass concentration: 5-15 g/L of cobalt salt, 10-40 g/L of iron salt, 8-30 g/L of samarium salt, 10-35 g/L of complexing agent, 3-7 g/L of boric acid, 2-5 g/L of glacial acetic acid, 3-6 g/L of sodium citrate, 1-3 g/L of potassium phosphate and water as a solvent.
Further, the cobalt salt is at least one of cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate and cobalt naphthenate.
Further, the ferric salt is at least one of ferrous chloride, ferric nitrate, ferrous nitrate, ferric sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and the mass concentration ratio of ferrous ions to ferric ions in the electroplating solution is 0.3-0.8. The concentration ratio of ferrous ions to ferric ions is set to be 0.3-0.8, and the preparation method is favorable for preparing the samarium-iron-cobalt film with controllable element content and uniform element distribution. Because the divalent iron ions can form short-range complexation with Sm ions to form codeposition, but the control difficulty of the process is very high, and the addition of the trivalent iron ions enables the complexation process of the divalent iron ions and the Sm ions to be a controllable process, the samarium-iron-cobalt film prepared by the electrolyte disclosed by the invention has controllable element content and uniform element distribution.
Further, the samarium salt is at least one of samarium nitrate, samarium chloride, samarium phosphate hydrate and samarium sulfate.
Further, the complexing agent is at least two of sulfamic acid, ethylenediamine, acetylene acid, tartaric acid, glycine and isopropanol. Sulfamic acid is a complexing agent which needs to be added, and the addition amount of the sulfamic acid accounts for 20-50% of the total addition amount of the complexing agent in terms of volume ratio. The sulfamic acid can complex three ions of Sm, Fe and Co at the same time, and the rest complexing agents have definite emphasis on the complexation of Sm-Fe and Sm-Co.
Further, the working temperature of the electroplating solution is 30-80 ℃.
Furthermore, the mass concentration of the complexing agent is 10-35 g/L,
a preparation method of samarium iron cobalt film electroplating solution is used for preparing the samarium iron cobalt permanent magnet film electroplating solution, and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a complexing agent, boric acid, glacial acetic acid, sodium citrate and potassium phosphate into deionized water at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, and stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution; in the step, the temperature of the solution is 40-50 ℃, so that the added substances can be quickly dissolved to form an evenly distributed environment.
(2) Adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to 1.0-3.0; in the step, the pH value is adjusted to be in the range of 1.0-3.0, so that the solution is ensured to be an acidic solution, and the precipitation of Fe/Co ions in the third step can be greatly reduced.
(3) And (3) adding iron salt, cobalt salt and samarium salt into the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), stirring at 1-20 ℃ to dissolve the iron salt, adding deionized water to a constant volume to enable the mass concentration of each component in the electroplating solution to be the above mass concentration, and adding citric acid or sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 2.0-5.0 to obtain the samarium-iron-cobalt permanent magnet film electroplating solution. In the step, the ferric salt, the cobalt salt and the samarium salt are added under the low-temperature environment, so that the precipitate in the dissolving process can be effectively inhibited from being separated out, and the electroplating solution has strong practicability due to the fact that the ferric salt, the cobalt salt and the samarium salt have high solubility in deionized water.
Further, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sodium hydroxide is added in the step (2) to adjust the pH.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the electroplating solution can realize the codeposition of the Sm-Fe-Co ternary alloy and has wide electrochemical window for the codeposition of three elements of samarium, iron and cobalt, and the samarium, iron and cobalt amorphous film with uniformly distributed elements can be prepared by using the electroplating solution.
(2) The electroplating solution can simultaneously deposit three elements of Sm, Fe and Co, and the Sm, Fe and Co thin film prepared by the electroplating solution has the advantages of controllable element content, uniform element distribution and the like, and is amorphous. The invention relates to a new generation rare earth permanent magnetic material Sm (FeCo)12The development of (a) provides excellent ligands and plating solutions.
(3) Compared with the electroplating solution of the existing rare earth transition group binary codeposition system, the samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution can realize the controllable electrochemical codeposition of the samarium-iron-cobalt ternary alloy, breaks through the bottleneck of the traditional binary alloy codeposition technology, and provides a process basis for the performance optimization of the samarium-iron-cobalt ternary alloy amorphous film.
(4) The samarium-iron-cobalt thin film prepared by the electroplating solution has higher saturation magnetic induction intensity and intrinsic coercive force.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below, and it should be noted that the specific embodiments are only for describing the present invention in detail, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution comprises the following steps:
adding 3g of boric acid, 3g of sodium citrate, 2g of glacial acetic acid, 10g of complexing agent (wherein 3g of sulfamic acid and 7g of glycine) and 1g of potassium nitrate into deionized water at 40 ℃, uniformly stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution, adjusting the pH to 1.0 by using HCl, adding 5g of cobalt chloride, 10g of samarium chloride, 5g of ferrous chloride and 7g of ferric chloride into the mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, adding the balance of deionized water until the total volume is lL, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 3.0 to obtain the novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution.
Example 2
A preparation method of a novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution comprises the following steps:
adding 4g of boric acid, 4g of sodium citrate, 3g of glacial acetic acid, 15g of complexing agent (7 g of sulfamic acid and 8g of glycine) and 1g of potassium nitrate into deionized water at 45 ℃, uniformly stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution, adjusting the pH to 1.5 by using HCl, adding 10g of cobalt chloride, 15g of samarium chloride, 10g of ferrous chloride and 20g of ferric chloride into the mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, adding the rest deionized water until the total volume is lL, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 2.5 to obtain the novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution.
Example 3
A preparation method of a novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution comprises the following steps:
adding 5g of boric acid, 3g of sodium citrate, 5g of glacial acetic acid, 25g of complexing agent (10 g of sulfamic acid and 15g of glycine) and 2g of potassium nitrate into deionized water at 50 ℃, uniformly stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution, adjusting the pH to 3.0 by using HCl, adding 10g of cobalt chloride, 15g of samarium chloride, 8g of ferrous chloride and 20g of ferric chloride into the mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, adding the rest deionized water until the total volume is lL, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 3.5 to obtain the novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution.
Example 4
A preparation method of a novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution comprises the following steps:
adding 5g of boric acid, 4g of sodium citrate, 4g of glacial acetic acid, 20g of complexing agent (10 g of sulfamic acid and 10g of glycine) and 1g of potassium nitrate into deionized water at 50 ℃, uniformly stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution, adjusting the pH to 1.0 by using HCl, adding 15g of cobalt chloride, 20g of samarium chloride, 5g of ferrous chloride and 7g of ferric chloride into the mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, adding the rest deionized water until the total volume is lL, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 3.0 to obtain the novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution comprises the following steps:
adding 3g of boric acid, 3g of sodium citrate, 2g of glacial acetic acid, 10g of complexing agent (glycine) and 1g of potassium nitrate into deionized water at 40 ℃, uniformly stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution, adjusting the pH to 1.0 by using HCl, adding 5g of cobalt chloride, 10g of samarium chloride, 5g of ferrous chloride and 7g of ferric chloride into the mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, adding the balance of deionized water until the total volume is lL, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 3.0 to obtain the novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution.
In this comparative example, the other embodiments are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution comprises the following steps:
adding 3g of boric acid, 3g of sodium citrate, 2g of glacial acetic acid, 10g of complexing agent (wherein 3g of sulfamic acid and 7g of glycine) and 1g of potassium nitrate into deionized water at 40 ℃, uniformly stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution, adjusting the pH to 1.0 by using HCl, adding 5g of cobalt chloride, 10g of samarium chloride, 5g of ferrous chloride and 5g of ferric chloride into the mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, adding the balance of deionized water until the total volume is lL, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 3.0 to obtain the novel samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution.
Preparing an alloy film by adopting the electroplating solution prepared in the 4 examples and the 2 comparative examples and using an electrodeposition process; the electrodeposition process comprises the following steps: the distance between the anode and the cathode is set to be 2.5cm, and the current density is set to be 4.1A/dm2The codeposition time is 30 min.
The element contents and magnetic properties of the thin films prepared in examples and comparative examples were measured, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows the element contents of the thin films prepared in examples and comparative examples, and table 2 shows the magnetic properties of the thin films prepared in examples and comparative examples.
TABLE 1 elemental contents of films obtained in examples and comparative examples
TABLE 2 magnetic Properties of films obtained in examples and comparative examples
As shown in Table 1, the electroplating solution prepared by the method can realize the codeposition of the Sm-Fe-Co ternary alloy and has controllable content. Compared with the embodiment 1, the film prepared by the comparative example 1 (without adding sulfamic acid in the electroplating solution) has lower samarium (Sm) content, can not deposit samarium, and can not well realize the codeposition of the Sm-Fe-Co ternary alloy, which shows that the sulfamic acid can effectively promote the deposition of samarium element.
Compared with the example 1, in the film prepared in the comparative example 2 (the mass concentration ratio of the ferrous ions to the ferric ions in the electroplating solution is 1:1), the content of Sm-Fe is obviously increased, the content of Co is reduced, and the Co-deposition of the Sm-Fe-Co ternary alloy can not be well realized, which shows that the mass concentration ratio of the ferrous ions to the ferric ions in the electroplating solution influences the deposition of samarium, iron and cobalt elements.
In Table 2, saturation magnetic induction intensity BsThe magnetic induction intensity when the magnetic material is magnetized to saturation, remanence BrNamely, after the magnetic field is removed from the saturated state, the residual magnetic flux density represents the strength of the magnetic field which can be provided by the magnet to the outside; intrinsic coercive force HcjThe coercive force is a physical quantity that measures the demagnetization resistance of a magnet and indicates that the magnetization M in the material has returned to zero. As can be seen from Table 2, the remanence B of the films obtained in examples 1 to 4rAnd intrinsic coercivity HcjAre all larger than comparative examples 1-2, which shows that the use of the plating solutions of the invention facilitates the production of remanence BrAnd intrinsic coercivity HcjLarger film materials.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a samarium iron cobalt film plating solution, characterized by, the plating solution includes the following mass concentration's of component: 5-15 g/L of cobalt salt, 10-40 g/L of ferric salt, 8-30 g/L of samarium salt, 10-35 g/L of complexing agent, 3-7 g/L of boric acid, 2-5 g/L of glacial acetic acid, 3-6 g/L of sodium citrate, 1-3 g/L of potassium phosphate or potassium nitrate and water as a solvent; the mass concentration ratio of ferrous ions to ferric ions in the electroplating solution is 0.3-0.8; the complexing agent is sulfamic acid and glycine, and the addition amount of the sulfamic acid accounts for 20-50% of the total complexing agent in terms of volume ratio.
2. The electroplating solution for a samarium iron cobalt thin film according to claim 1, wherein the cobalt salt is at least one of cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, and cobalt sulfate.
3. The electroplating solution for the samarium-iron-cobalt thin film according to claim 1, wherein the iron salt is at least one of ferrous chloride, ferrous nitrate and ferrous sulfate, and at least one of ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and ferric sulfate.
4. The electroplating bath for a samarium iron cobalt thin film of claim 1 wherein the samarium salt is at least one of samarium nitrate, samarium chloride, samarium phosphate hydrate and samarium sulfate.
5. The samarium-iron-cobalt thin film electroplating solution according to claim 1, wherein the electroplating solution has an operating temperature from 30 ℃ to 80 ℃.
6. A method for preparing an electroplating solution for a samarium-iron-cobalt thin film, characterized in that the method for preparing an electroplating solution for a samarium-iron-cobalt thin film as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the steps of:
(1) adding a complexing agent, boric acid, glacial acetic acid, sodium citrate and potassium phosphate into 40-50 ℃ deionized water, and stirring and dissolving to prepare a mixed solution;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to 1.0-3.0;
(3) adding iron salt, cobalt salt and samarium salt into the mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution at 1-20 ℃ to dissolve the mixed solution, adding deionized water to a constant volume to enable the mass concentration of each component in the electroplating solution to be the above mass concentration, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 2.0-5.0 to obtain the samarium-iron-cobalt film electroplating solution.
7. The method for preparing a samarium iron cobalt thin film electroplating solution according to claim 6, wherein hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or sodium hydroxide is added in step (2) to adjust the pH.
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