CN112481487B - Zinc-containing dust and sludge recycling method - Google Patents
Zinc-containing dust and sludge recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112481487B CN112481487B CN202011426225.5A CN202011426225A CN112481487B CN 112481487 B CN112481487 B CN 112481487B CN 202011426225 A CN202011426225 A CN 202011426225A CN 112481487 B CN112481487 B CN 112481487B
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- zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a zinc-containing dust and sludge recycling method, which comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing zinc-containing dust mud with a reducing agent, a binder and water, pelletizing and drying; 2) feeding the dried green pellets into a shaft furnace for high-temperature reduction to obtain metal pellets and high-temperature zinc-containing gas; 3) feeding the high-temperature zinc-containing gas out of the shaft furnace into a cyclone quencher to be rapidly mixed with cold gas for quenching, quenching zinc steam in the gas to obtain metal zinc particles, and performing gas-solid separation through cyclone effect to obtain coarse zinc particles; 4) and fine zinc particles are obtained by fine dust removal of the coal gas discharged from the cyclone quencher. The method adopts the shaft furnace for indirect heating, so that the zinc-containing dust mud is subjected to reduction reaction under the condition of air isolation, zinc in the shaft furnace exhaust gas is ensured to enter a cyclone quencher in a zinc vapor form, and the metal zinc powder is recovered in a quenching mode, so that the metal zinc is obtained in one step; compared with the traditional pyrogenic process, the method avoids the oxidation of zinc steam in the cooling process, reduces the further refining process of zinc oxide, and has better economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of zinc-containing dust and sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a zinc-containing dust and sludge recycling method.
Background
Because of the use of a large amount of imported ore and scrap steel with relatively high zinc content, the content of zinc element in dust and sludge generated in the processes of sintering, iron making, steel making and the like in steel production is directly increased, and the high-zinc dust is used as a raw material to be returned to be sintered and enters the blast furnace again, so that zinc is circularly enriched in dust in steel plants, and the defects of nodulation, tuyere burnout, gas pipeline blockage and the like of the blast furnace are caused by the circular enrichment of the zinc element, and the normal production of the blast furnace is directly influenced. In addition, in the process of stacking dust and mud in the open air or taking out, resource waste and secondary pollution are easily caused. The treatment of zinc-containing dust has become one of the hot spots in the metallurgical world.
At present, there are 3 kinds of physical, wet and fire methods for treating zinc-containing dust. The popular treatment method of the iron and steel enterprises is still a pyrometallurgical process and is more familiar with relevant equipment and matching technology. The basic principle of the pyrogenic process treatment process is to volatilize, enrich and recover zinc in dust by reduction by utilizing the characteristics of low boiling point and high temperature volatility of zinc. In the gas phase, the zinc vapour is present in the form of oxide particles, which can be collected together with the soot.
However, the zinc vapor obtained from the pyrogenic reduction process of the zinc-containing dust sludge is oxidized in the subsequent cooling process, and finally zinc oxide is obtained, and the zinc oxide needs to be further refined to further obtain metal zinc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a zinc-containing dust and sludge recycling method which can at least solve part of defects in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a zinc-containing dust recycling method comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the collected zinc-containing dust mud with a reducing agent, a binder and water, pelletizing and drying;
2) conveying the dried green pellets obtained in the step 1) into a shaft furnace for high-temperature reduction to obtain metal pellets and high-temperature zinc-containing gas;
3) feeding the high-temperature zinc-containing gas from the shaft furnace in the step 2) into a cyclone quencher, rapidly mixing and quenching the high-temperature zinc-containing gas and cold gas in the cyclone quencher to rapidly quench zinc steam in the mixed gas to obtain metal zinc particles, and performing gas-solid separation under the action of cyclone to obtain coarse zinc particles;
4) and (3) feeding the coal gas discharged from the cyclone quencher into a fine dust collector for fine dust removal to obtain fine zinc particles.
Further, the zinc-containing dust mud in the step 1) is one or a mixture of more of blast furnace dust, converter dust, electric furnace dust and zinc leaching residue.
Further, in the step 1), the reducing agent is coal powder or coke powder, and the binder is bentonite, slaked lime or quicklime.
Further, the addition amount of the reducing agent in the step 1) is 20-50% of the mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, the addition amount of the binder is 5-20% of the mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, the addition amount of the water is 5-20% of the mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, and the molar ratio of carbon to oxygen in the dried green pellets is 1.05-1.3.
Further, the shaft furnace in the step 2) adopts an external heating type shaft furnace, and the temperature of the high-temperature zinc-containing gas obtained in the shaft furnace is 1000-1100 ℃.
Furthermore, the flue gas generated by the shaft furnace in the step 2) utilizes a waste heat boiler to recover sensible heat, the flue gas is sent into a chimney through a fan after heat exchange through a heat exchanger and is discharged, and meanwhile, hot air after heat exchange through the heat exchanger is used for heating the shaft furnace.
Further, the temperature of the quenched coal gas in the step 3) is below 400 ℃.
Further, the gas subjected to fine dust removal in the step 4) is cooled by recovering heat of the gas by using a waste heat boiler, and the cooled gas is sent to a gas chamber for recovery by a fan.
Furthermore, the coal gas recovered by the coal gas cabinet is used as coal gas for heating the shaft furnace or/and used as cold coal gas for a cyclone quenching device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for recycling the zinc-containing dust and mud provided by the invention adopts the shaft furnace to indirectly heat the zinc-containing dust and mud, and the zinc-containing dust and mud is subjected to reduction reaction under the condition of air isolation by controlling the atmosphere in the shaft furnace, so that zinc in the exhaust gas of the shaft furnace enters a subsequent cyclone quencher in the form of zinc vapor, and metal zinc powder can be recycled by quenching, and the metal zinc can be obtained by one-step method; compared with the traditional pyrogenic process of the zinc-containing dust mud, the method avoids the oxidation of zinc steam in the cooling process, reduces the further refining process of zinc oxide, and has better economic benefit.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the zinc-containing dust recycling method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for recycling zinc-containing dust, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the collected zinc-containing dust mud with a reducing agent, a binder and water, pelletizing and drying; wherein the zinc-containing dust mud can be one or more of blast furnace dust, converter dust, electric furnace dust and zinc leaching residue, the reducing agent can be coal powder or coke powder, and the binder can be bentonite, slaked lime or quicklime.
Specifically, the addition amount of the reducing agent accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, the addition amount of the binder accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, the addition amount of the water accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, and the carbon-oxygen molar ratio in the dried green pellets is 1.05-1.3, so that shaft furnace gas with high CO content is generated after reduction reaction of the zinc-containing dust mud in the shaft furnace, and zinc steam can be prevented from being oxidized into zinc oxide again by CO2 in the cooling process of the zinc-containing shaft furnace gas.
The pelletizing process is the prior art, and the specific process is not described herein.
(2) And (2) conveying the green pellets dried in the step (1) into a shaft furnace for high-temperature reduction to obtain metal pellets and high-temperature zinc-containing gas.
Specifically, the shaft furnace adopts an external heating type shaft furnace, the zinc-containing dust and mud can be subjected to reduction reaction under the condition of air isolation through an indirect heating mode of the shaft furnace, meanwhile, the internal atmosphere of the shaft furnace can be easily controlled, and the temperature of high-temperature zinc-containing gas discharged by the shaft furnace is controlled to be 1000-1100 ℃, so that zinc in the high-temperature zinc-containing gas discharged by the shaft furnace is ensured to enter a subsequent cyclone quencher in the form of zinc steam.
Optimally, the flue gas generated by the shaft furnace utilizes the waste heat boiler to recover the sensible heat, the flue gas is sent into the chimney through the fan after being subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger and then is discharged, and the hot air after being subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger can be used for heating the shaft furnace, so that the energy utilization rate is further improved.
(3) And (3) feeding the high-temperature zinc-containing gas discharged from the shaft furnace in the step (2) into a cyclone quencher, rapidly mixing and quenching the high-temperature zinc-containing gas and the cold gas in the cyclone quencher, condensing zinc vapor to obtain metal zinc particles instead of oxidizing the zinc vapor into zinc oxide in the rapid cooling process, carrying out gas-solid separation on the metal zinc particles under the action of cyclone, and partially settling to obtain coarse zinc particles.
Specifically, the cooling efficiency is improved by controlling the ratio of the introduced cold coal gas and the high-temperature zinc-containing coal gas in the cyclone quencher and combining the cyclone quencher in a water cooling mode, so that the temperature of the quenched coal gas is below 400 ℃, and the zinc steam in the coal gas is ensured to be condensed into metal zinc particles.
(4) And (3) feeding the coal gas discharged from the cyclone quencher into a fine dust collector for fine dust removal to obtain fine zinc particles. The fine dust collector adopts a filter tube type dust collector, further separates zinc particles in the coal gas through fine dust collection, and improves the recovery rate of zinc in the zinc-containing dust mud.
Furthermore, the gas subjected to fine dust removal can be cooled by recovering the heat of the gas by using a waste heat boiler, and the cooled gas is sent to a gas chamber through a fan to be recovered and reused; specifically, the coal gas recovered by the coal gas cabinet can be used as coal gas for heating the shaft furnace on one hand, and can be used as cold coal gas for a cyclone quenching device on the other hand, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, and the cost is saved.
In conclusion, the method for recycling the zinc-containing dust and mud provided by the invention adopts the shaft furnace to indirectly heat the zinc-containing dust and mud, the reduction reaction of the zinc-containing dust and mud is carried out under the condition of air isolation by controlling the atmosphere in the shaft furnace, the zinc in the exhaust gas of the shaft furnace is ensured to enter a subsequent cyclone quencher in the form of zinc vapor, and the metal zinc powder is recycled in a quenching way, so that the metal zinc can be obtained in one step; compared with the traditional pyrogenic process of the zinc-containing dust mud, the method avoids the zinc steam from being oxidized in the cooling process, reduces the process of further refining the zinc oxide, and has better economic benefit.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The zinc-containing dust and sludge recycling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the collected zinc-containing dust mud with a reducing agent, a binder and water, pelletizing and drying;
2) conveying the dried green pellets obtained in the step 1) into a shaft furnace for high-temperature reduction to obtain metal pellets and high-temperature zinc-containing gas;
the shaft furnace adopts an external heating type shaft furnace, the green pellets are indirectly heated, so that the zinc-containing dust mud is subjected to reduction reaction under the condition of air isolation, and the zinc in the high-temperature zinc-containing gas is ensured to exist in the form of zinc vapor;
3) feeding the high-temperature zinc-containing gas from the shaft furnace in the step 2) into a cyclone quencher, rapidly mixing and quenching the high-temperature zinc-containing gas and cold gas in the cyclone quencher to rapidly quench zinc steam in the mixed gas to obtain metal zinc particles, and performing gas-solid separation under the action of cyclone to obtain coarse zinc particles;
the method comprises the following steps of controlling the proportion of cold coal gas and high-temperature zinc-containing coal gas introduced into a cyclone quencher, and simultaneously combining a water cooling form adopted by the cyclone quencher to ensure that the temperature of the quenched coal gas is below 400 ℃, so as to ensure that zinc steam in the coal gas is condensed into metal zinc particles;
4) and (3) feeding the coal gas discharged from the cyclone quencher into a fine dust collector for fine dust removal to obtain fine zinc particles.
2. The method for recycling zinc-containing sludge of claim 1, wherein the zinc-containing sludge in step 1) is a mixture of one or more of blast furnace dust, converter dust, electric furnace dust, and zinc leaching residue.
3. The method for recycling zinc-containing dust and sludge according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent in the step 1) is pulverized coal or coke powder, and the binder is bentonite, slaked lime or quicklime.
4. The zinc-containing dust mud recycling method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the addition amount of the reducing agent is 20-50% of the mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, the addition amount of the binder is 5-20% of the mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, the addition amount of the water is 5-20% of the mass of the zinc-containing dust mud, and the molar ratio of carbon to oxygen in dried green pellets is 1.05-1.3.
5. The zinc-containing dust and sludge recycling method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature zinc-containing gas obtained in the shaft furnace is 1000-1100 ℃.
6. The method for recycling the zinc-containing dust and mud according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas generated by the shaft furnace in the step 2) is used for recovering sensible heat by using a waste heat boiler, the flue gas is sent to a chimney through a fan after being subjected to heat exchange by a heat exchanger and then is discharged, and meanwhile, the hot air after being subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger is used for heating the shaft furnace.
7. The method for recycling zinc-containing dust and mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas after being subjected to fine dust removal in step 4) is cooled by recovering heat of the gas by using a waste heat boiler, and the cooled gas is sent to a gas chamber for recycling by a fan.
8. The recycling method of zinc-containing dust and sludge as claimed in claim 7, wherein the coal gas recycled from the gas holder is used as the coal gas for heating the shaft furnace or/and used as the cold coal gas for the cyclone cooler.
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| CN111575492B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-01-11 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment method for zinc-containing dust and steel slag |
| CN114350959A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-15 | 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 | Device and process flow for preparing zinc powder from zinc-containing electric furnace ash |
| CN114836633A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-02 | 山东祥桓环境科技有限公司 | Coagulation tower, system and process for recovering zinc-containing dust and purifying zinc |
| CN115161472A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-11 | 中冶节能环保有限责任公司 | Zinc-containing dust and sludge treatment method and device |
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| CN1081103C (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 2002-03-20 | 中南工业大学 | Spiral-flow condensing equipment for prodn. of zinc powder |
| CN102029398B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏冶建锌业有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity zinc powder |
| CN103740939B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-09-16 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | A kind ofly utilize Steel Plant Zinc-Bearing Wastes to produce molten iron and reclaim the method for zinc |
| CN106893867B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-05-03 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the muffle shaft furnace processing dirt of feed powder containing zinc-iron recycling zinc |
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