CN112481467B - A kind of heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel - Google Patents
A kind of heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
本发明涉及铁素体不锈钢，特别涉及提高铁素体不锈钢强度的方法，具体为一种提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法。本发明为了解决如何通过热处理方法在保持一定塑性的情况下提高铁素体不锈钢强度的问题，提供了一种新的提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法，将铁素体不锈钢冷轧板依次进行退火、冷却、等温淬火、配分、冷却至室温等处理后，在组织中形成铁素体、马氏体、残留奥氏体这种复相组织。利用马氏体组织高强度、铁素体塑性好的特征，保证钢板的强度与塑性，此外在随后的变形过程中残留奥氏体将发生马氏体转变进一步提高钢板的强度，最终显著提高铁素体不锈钢的强度。
The invention relates to ferritic stainless steel, in particular to a method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel, in particular to a heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel. In order to solve the problem of how to improve the strength of ferritic stainless steel through a heat treatment method while maintaining a certain plasticity, the present invention provides a new heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel. After annealing, cooling, isothermal quenching, partitioning, and cooling to room temperature, a complex structure of ferrite, martensite and retained austenite is formed in the structure. The high strength of martensitic structure and the good plasticity of ferrite are used to ensure the strength and plasticity of the steel plate. In addition, in the subsequent deformation process, the retained austenite will undergo martensitic transformation to further improve the strength of the steel plate, and finally significantly improve the iron The strength of solid stainless steel.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及铁素体不锈钢，特别涉及提高铁素体不锈钢强度的方法，具体为一种提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法。The invention relates to ferritic stainless steel, in particular to a method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel, in particular to a heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel.
背景技术Background technique
铁素体不锈钢具有良好的耐腐性能及优异的成形性能，广泛应用于家电、建筑等行业，同时，作为一种重要的金属结构材料，在应用过程中，其力学性能也非常重要。铁素体不锈钢（其中铁素体不锈钢的碳含量为0.01≤C≤0.30）力学性能的特点为塑性好、强度（屈服强度、抗拉强度）低。目前采用的热处理工艺仅为单一的再结晶退火处理（如：现有实施例：再结晶退火的工艺步骤为将0.9 mm 厚、碳含量为0.02的铁素体不锈钢冷轧板，在840℃保温120min后，以10 ℃/min的冷却速率冷至室温）的热处理方法来提高铁素体不锈钢的强度，热处理后的微观组织为图1所示，很明显看出热处理后的微观组织仅由铁素体组织组成，同时热处理后的铁素体不锈钢的强度和塑性如表1，其力学性能远未发挥其成分优势，导致铁素体不锈钢的应用范围十分受限。另外，现有技术中虽然也还有能一定程度上提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法，但其方法在提高强度的同时使得其塑性明显降低，导致铁素体不锈钢的应用范围十分受限。Ferritic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and excellent formability, and is widely used in household appliances, construction and other industries. At the same time, as an important metal structural material, its mechanical properties are also very important in the application process. The mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steel (the carbon content of ferritic stainless steel is 0.01≤C≤0.30) are characterized by good plasticity and low strength (yield strength, tensile strength). The currently adopted heat treatment process is only a single recrystallization annealing treatment (for example: the existing embodiment: the process steps of the recrystallization annealing are to cold-roll a ferritic stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 0.9 mm and a carbon content of 0.02, and keep it at 840 ° C. After 120min, the strength of ferritic stainless steel is improved by the heat treatment method of cooling down to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min. The microstructure after heat treatment is shown in Figure 1. It is obvious that the microstructure after heat treatment is only composed of iron The composition of the ferritic structure, and the strength and plasticity of the ferritic stainless steel after heat treatment are shown in Table 1. Its mechanical properties are far from exerting its compositional advantages, resulting in a very limited application range of ferritic stainless steel. In addition, although there are also heat treatment methods that can increase the strength of ferritic stainless steel to a certain extent in the prior art, the method significantly reduces its plasticity while increasing the strength, resulting in a very limited application range of ferritic stainless steel.
表1。Table 1.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明为了解决如何通过热处理方法在保持铁素体不锈钢一定塑性的同时提高铁素体不锈钢强度的问题，提供了一种新的提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法。In order to solve the problem of how to improve the strength of the ferritic stainless steel while maintaining a certain plasticity of the ferritic stainless steel through the heat treatment method, the present invention provides a new heat treatment method for improving the strength of the ferritic stainless steel.
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的：The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
一种提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法，其中铁素体不锈钢的碳含量为0.01≤C≤0.30，依次由以下步骤实现：A heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel, wherein the carbon content of the ferritic stainless steel is 0.01≤C≤0.30, which is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1）不锈钢板退火：其中不锈钢板为厚度≤5.0mm的铁素体不锈钢冷轧板（在热处理之前，事先将铁素体不锈钢制备成铁素体不锈钢冷轧板，如何制备是本领域人员公知的），加热温度为750-850℃，保温时间为1-30min，保温后冷却至室温，冷却速率为5-20℃/min；1) Annealing of stainless steel plate: The stainless steel plate is a ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled plate with a thickness of ≤5.0mm (before heat treatment, the ferritic stainless steel is prepared into a ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled plate in advance, and how to prepare it is well known to those skilled in the art. ), the heating temperature is 750-850°C, the holding time is 1-30min, and the temperature is cooled to room temperature after the heat preservation, and the cooling rate is 5-20°C/min;
2）不锈钢板进行等温淬火：加热温度为950-1050℃，保温时间为2-30min，保温后快速置入淬火介质中，淬火介质温度为140-180℃，在淬火介质中保留时间为10-60min；2) Isothermal quenching of stainless steel plate: the heating temperature is 950-1050°C, the holding time is 2-30min, and the temperature of the quenching medium is 140-180°C, and the retention time in the quenching medium is 10- 60min;
3）对淬火后的不锈钢板进行配分：加热温度为300-500℃，保温时间为10-60min，不锈钢板从淬火介质中置入加热炉中的时间≤50s；3) Distribute the quenched stainless steel plate: the heating temperature is 300-500°C, the holding time is 10-60min, and the time for the stainless steel plate to be placed in the heating furnace from the quenching medium is ≤50s;
4）对配分处理后的不锈钢板进行冷却至室温：冷却速度为10-50℃/min。4) Cool the distributed stainless steel plate to room temperature: the cooling rate is 10-50°C/min.
本发明的热处理方法中，步骤1）的加热温度和保温时间使铁素体不锈钢冷轧板形成细小的再结晶颗粒或晶核，为步骤2）中奥氏体相变提供足够的形核质点，以便能保证形成细小的奥氏体组织；步骤2）中的淬火的加热温度和保温时间形成一定含量的尺寸细小的奥氏体组织（形成后的奥氏体含量为20-45%），此时微观组织由约55%-80%的铁素体组织和约20-45%的尺寸细小的奥氏体组织组成，其中，形成尺寸细小的奥氏体组织的作用提高奥氏体组织的稳定性，并保证在步骤3）和步骤4）中的冷却过程中残余奥氏体组织不发生马氏体组织转变，此外，在随后的淬火介质保温温度和保温时间的过程中，细小的奥氏体组织发生不完全马氏体相变，部分奥氏体组织保留下来成为残余奥氏体组织，此时，微观组织由55%-80%的铁素体组织、4%-10%的残余奥氏体组织、16%-35%的马氏体组织组成；步骤3）中的对淬火后的不锈钢板进行配分处理的温度和保温时间的目的是使得马氏体组织中的碳元素扩散至残余奥氏体组织中，增加残余奥氏体组织中的碳含量，提高残余奥氏体组织的稳定性，若没有这一过程，残余奥氏体组织将转变为铁素体组织或者马氏体组织，导致的结果就是铁素体不锈钢的强度不够或者塑性明显减弱，另外，不锈钢板从淬火介质中置入加热炉中的时间≤50s，若停留室温时间太长，同样将导致残余奥氏体组织不稳定；步骤4）中，对配分处理后的板材进行冷却至室温，冷却过程中残余奥氏体组织保留下来，但是冷却速度必须在冷却速度为10-50℃/min，若冷却速度过快，残余奥氏体组织仍将发生马氏体组织转变，导致铁素体不锈钢的强度虽然提高但是塑性明显减弱。经过上述热处理后，铁素体不锈钢的微观组织由55%-80%的铁素体组织、4%-10%的残余奥氏体组织、16%-35%的马氏体组织组成。In the heat treatment method of the present invention, the heating temperature and holding time in step 1) enable the cold-rolled ferritic stainless steel sheet to form fine recrystallized particles or nuclei, which provide sufficient nucleation particles for the austenite transformation in step 2). , in order to ensure the formation of fine austenite structure; the heating temperature and holding time of quenching in step 2) form a certain content of fine austenite structure (the content of austenite after formation is 20-45%), At this time, the microstructure is composed of about 55%-80% ferrite structure and about 20-45% small-sized austenite structure, wherein the effect of forming small-size austenite structure improves the stability of austenite structure and ensure that the retained austenite structure does not undergo martensitic transformation during the cooling process in steps 3) and 4). The body structure undergoes incomplete martensitic transformation, and part of the austenite structure remains as retained austenite structure. At this time, the microstructure consists of 55%-80% ferrite structure, 4%-10% residual austenite structure. Tensite structure, 16%-35% martensite structure composition; the purpose of the temperature and holding time for partitioning the quenched stainless steel plate in step 3) is to make the carbon element in the martensite structure diffuse to the residual In the austenite structure, increase the carbon content in the retained austenite structure to improve the stability of the retained austenite structure. Without this process, the retained austenite structure will be transformed into a ferrite structure or a martensite structure , the result is that the strength of the ferritic stainless steel is insufficient or the plasticity is significantly weakened. In addition, the time for the stainless steel plate to be placed in the heating furnace from the quenching medium is ≤50s. If the stay at room temperature is too long, it will also lead to retained austenite structure. Unstable; in step 4), the partitioned plate is cooled to room temperature, and the retained austenite structure is retained during the cooling process, but the cooling rate must be 10-50°C/min. If the cooling rate is too fast , the retained austenite structure will still undergo martensitic structure transformation, resulting in an increase in the strength of ferritic stainless steel but a significant decrease in plasticity. After the above heat treatment, the microstructure of ferritic stainless steel is composed of 55%-80% ferrite structure, 4%-10% retained austenite structure, and 16%-35% martensite structure.
本发明所产生的有益效果如下：本发明的提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法，能将铁素体不锈钢中的铁素体组织转变成铁素体+马氏体+奥氏体的复相组织，充分利用马氏体组织高强度、铁素体组织塑性好的特点，通过保留残余奥氏体组织以及多半的铁素体组织来保证铁素体不锈钢的塑性，通过相变后的马氏体组织来提高不锈钢铁素体的强度，同时，在热处理后的铁素体不锈钢的后续变形（后续变形:如进行拉伸试验或在加工工件的过程）过程中,残余奥氏体组织将发生马氏体转变，从而进一步提高铁素体不锈钢的强度和塑性（后续变形过程属于形变，提高其塑性；残余奥氏体组织发生马氏体转变属于相变，提高其强度）。通过本发明中的热处理方法，使得铁素体不锈钢在保持一定塑性的情况下提高了铁素体不锈钢的强度，扩大了铁素体不锈钢的应用范围。The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are as follows: the heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel of the present invention can transform the ferrite structure in the ferritic stainless steel into a complex phase of ferrite+martensite+austenite structure, make full use of the high strength of martensite structure and good plasticity of ferrite structure, and ensure the plasticity of ferritic stainless steel by retaining retained austenite structure and most of the ferrite structure. At the same time, during the subsequent deformation of the ferritic stainless steel after heat treatment (subsequent deformation: such as tensile testing or in the process of machining the workpiece), the retained austenite structure will occur. Martensitic transformation, thereby further improving the strength and plasticity of ferritic stainless steel (the subsequent deformation process belongs to deformation and improves its plasticity; the martensitic transformation of retained austenite structure belongs to phase transformation and improves its strength). Through the heat treatment method in the present invention, the strength of the ferritic stainless steel is improved while maintaining a certain plasticity, and the application range of the ferritic stainless steel is expanded.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为铁素体不锈钢采用现有的热处理方法得出的微观组织示例图；Figure 1 is an example diagram of the microstructure of ferritic stainless steel obtained by the existing heat treatment method;
图2为本发明的热处理方法的工艺路线示意图；Fig. 2 is the process route schematic diagram of the heat treatment method of the present invention;
图3为实施例1中经过热处理后的铁素体不锈钢的微观组织示例图；3 is an example diagram of the microstructure of the ferritic stainless steel after heat treatment in Example 1;
图4为本发明中的三个实施例与现有的热处理方法后铁素体不锈钢的拉伸曲线。FIG. 4 is the tensile curve of the ferritic stainless steel after the three embodiments of the present invention and the existing heat treatment method.
图中：其中：α代表铁素体组织；α’代表马氏体组织；γ代表奥氏体组织；Ms代表马氏体相变开始温度点；Mf代表马氏体相变结束温度点。In the figure: Among them: α represents the ferrite structure; α ' represents the martensite structure; γ represents the austenite structure; M s represents the martensitic transformation start temperature point; M f represents the martensitic transformation end temperature point .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种提高铁素体不锈钢强度的热处理方法，其中铁素体不锈钢的碳含量为0.01≤C≤0.30（如采用碳含量为0.01、0.05、0.08、0.1、0.16、0.2、0.23、0.27、0.3），依次由以下步骤实现：A heat treatment method for improving the strength of ferritic stainless steel, wherein the carbon content of the ferritic stainless steel is 0.01≤C≤0.30 (for example, the carbon content is 0.01, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.16, 0.2, 0.23, 0.27, 0.3) , followed by the following steps:
1）不锈钢板退火：其中不锈钢板为厚度≤5.0mm（如采用厚度为0.1mm、0.5mm、1.0mm、1.6mm、2mm、2.4mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.7mm、4mm、4.5mm、4.9mm、5.0mm）的铁素体不锈钢冷轧板（在热处理之前，事先将铁素体不锈钢制备成铁素体不锈钢冷轧板，如何制备是本领域人员公知的），加热温度为750-850℃（如采用加热温度为750℃、780℃、800℃、820℃、850℃），保温时间为1-30min（如采用保温时间为1min、6min、10min、15min、18min、20min、27min、30min），保温后冷却至室温，冷却速率为5-20℃/min（如采用冷却速率为5℃/min、8℃/min、10℃/min、15℃/min、19℃/min、20℃/min）；1) Annealing of stainless steel plate: the thickness of the stainless steel plate is ≤5.0mm (for example, the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.6mm, 2mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.7mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 4.9 mm, 5.0mm) ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled sheet (before heat treatment, ferritic stainless steel is prepared into ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled sheet in advance, how to prepare is well known to those in the art), the heating temperature is 750-850 ℃ (if the heating temperature is 750℃, 780℃, 800℃, 820℃, 850℃), the holding time is 1-30min (if the holding time is 1min, 6min, 10min, 15min, 18min, 20min, 27min, 30min) ), cooled to room temperature after insulation, the cooling rate is 5-20°C/min (for example, the cooling rate is 5°C/min, 8°C/min, 10°C/min, 15°C/min, 19°C/min, 20°C /min);
2）不锈钢板进行等温淬火：加热温度为950-1050℃（如采用加热温度为950℃、1000℃、1009℃、1010℃、1015℃、1020℃、1030℃、1040℃、1042℃、1050℃），保温时间为2-30min（如采用保温时间为2min、5min、8min、10 min、16 min、20 min、24 min、30 min），保温后快速置入淬火介质中，淬火介质温度为140-180℃（如采用淬火介质温度为140℃、145℃、150℃、160℃、166℃、170℃、178℃、180℃），在淬火介质中保留时间为10-60min（如采用保留时间为10min、15 min、20 min、30 min、36 min、42 min、45 min、50 min、55 min、60min）；2) Isothermal quenching of stainless steel plate: the heating temperature is 950-1050°C (for example, the heating temperature is 950°C, 1000°C, 1009°C, 1010°C, 1015°C, 1020°C, 1030°C, 1040°C, 1042°C, 1050°C) ), the holding time is 2-30min (for example, the holding time is 2min, 5min, 8min, 10min, 16min, 20min, 24min, 30min), after the heat preservation, it is quickly placed in the quenching medium, and the temperature of the quenching medium is 140 -180°C (if the temperature of the quenching medium is 140°C, 145°C, 150°C, 160°C, 166°C, 170°C, 178°C, 180°C), the retention time in the quenching medium is 10-60min (if the retention time is used 10min, 15min, 20min, 30min, 36min, 42min, 45min, 50min, 55min, 60min);
3）对淬火后的不锈钢板进行配分：加热温度为300-500℃（如采用加热温度为300℃、340℃、400℃、450℃、500℃），保温时间为10-60min（如采用保温时间为10min、15 min、20 min、30 min、36 min、42 min、45 min、50 min、55 min、60 min），不锈钢板从淬火介质中置入加热炉中的时间≤50s（如采用2s、8 s、15 s、20 s、30 s、32 s、35 s、40 s、46 s、50s）；3) Distribute the quenched stainless steel plate: the heating temperature is 300-500°C (if the heating temperature is 300°C, 340°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C), the holding time is 10-60min (if the heat preservation The time is 10min, 15min, 20min, 30min, 36min, 42min, 45min, 50min, 55min, 60min), and the time for the stainless steel plate to be placed in the heating furnace from the quenching medium is ≤50s (if using 2s, 8s, 15s, 20s, 30s, 32s, 35s, 40s, 46s, 50s);
4）对配分处理后的不锈钢板进行冷却至室温：冷却速度为10-50℃/min（如采用冷却速度问10℃/min、15℃/min、20℃/min、24℃/min、30℃/min、38℃/min、40℃/min、45℃/min、50℃/min）。4) Cool the distributed stainless steel plate to room temperature: the cooling rate is 10-50°C/min (for example, the cooling rate is 10°C/min, 15°C/min, 20°C/min, 24°C/min, 30°C/min) °C/min, 38 °C/min, 40 °C/min, 45 °C/min, 50 °C/min).
如图2、3、4所示，下面进行具体实施例说明。As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, specific embodiments are described below.
实施例1：将碳含量为0.01、厚度为0.1mm 的铁素体不锈钢冷轧板，在760℃保温5min后，以10 ℃/min的冷却速率冷至室温，然后加热至1000℃，保温10min，随后在淬火介质（淬火介质为淬火油）中淬火，淬火介质温度为150℃，淬火时间为50min，然后放入400℃保温炉中，保温30min，淬火板从淬火介质中置入加热炉中的时间为30s,最后以50℃/min的冷速冷至室温。经过热处理后铁素体不锈钢的微观组织如图3所示，很明显微观组织由铁素体组织、马氏体组织与残留奥氏体组织组成。Example 1: A ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled sheet with a carbon content of 0.01 and a thickness of 0.1 mm was kept at 760°C for 5 minutes, cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10°C/min, then heated to 1000°C and kept for 10 minutes. , and then quenched in the quenching medium (quenching medium is quenching oil), the temperature of the quenching medium is 150 ℃, the quenching time is 50min, and then put into a 400 ℃ holding furnace for 30 minutes, and the quenching plate is placed in the heating furnace from the quenching medium. The time was 30 s, and finally cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 50 °C/min. The microstructure of ferritic stainless steel after heat treatment is shown in Figure 3. It is obvious that the microstructure consists of ferrite, martensite and retained austenite.
将上述经过热处理后的铁素体不锈钢板进行拉伸性能与硬度测试，其结果如表2所示。The tensile properties and hardness of the above heat-treated ferritic stainless steel sheets were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.
表2Table 2
实施例2：将碳含量为0.1、厚度为2mm 的铁素体不锈钢冷轧板，在840℃保温10min后，以20 ℃/min的冷却速率冷至室温，然后加热至980℃，保温20min，随后在淬火介质（淬火介质为熔融盐）中淬火，淬火介质温度为160℃，淬火时间为30min，然后放入350℃保温炉中，保温60min，淬火板从淬火介质中置入加热炉中的时间为40s，最后以40℃/min的冷速冷至室温。Example 2: A ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled sheet with a carbon content of 0.1 and a thickness of 2 mm was kept at 840°C for 10 minutes, cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 20°C/min, and then heated to 980°C and kept for 20 minutes. Then it is quenched in a quenching medium (the quenching medium is molten salt), the temperature of the quenching medium is 160 ℃, and the quenching time is 30 minutes, and then it is put into a 350 ℃ holding furnace for 60 minutes, and the quenching plate is placed in the heating furnace from the quenching medium. The time was 40 s, and finally it was cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 40 °C/min.
将上述经过热处理后的钢板制样后进行拉伸性能与硬度测试，其结果如表3所示。The above heat-treated steel plates were prepared for tensile properties and hardness tests, and the results are shown in Table 3.
表3table 3
实施例3：将碳含量为0.3、厚度为5mm 的铁素体不锈钢冷轧板，在850℃保温15min后，以20 ℃/min的冷却速率冷至室温，然后加热至1050℃，保温8min，随后在淬火介质（淬火介质为熔融盐）中淬火，淬火介质温度为150℃，淬火时间为30min，然后放入450℃保温炉中，保温20min，淬火板从淬火介质中置入加热炉中的时间为50s，最后以30℃/min的冷速冷至室温。Example 3: A ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled sheet with a carbon content of 0.3 and a thickness of 5 mm was kept at 850 °C for 15 minutes, cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min, and then heated to 1050 °C and kept for 8 minutes. Then it is quenched in a quenching medium (the quenching medium is molten salt), the temperature of the quenching medium is 150 ℃, and the quenching time is 30 minutes, then it is put into a 450 ℃ holding furnace for 20 minutes, and the quenching plate is placed in the heating furnace from the quenching medium. The time was 50 s, and finally it was cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 30 °C/min.
将上述经过热处理后的钢板制样后进行拉伸性能与硬度测试，其结果如表4所示。The above heat-treated steel plates were prepared for tensile properties and hardness tests, and the results are shown in Table 4.
表4Table 4
将本发明中的上述实施例的实验数据中如表2、表3、表4与现有实施例中的实验数据如表1进行对比可看出，采用本发明所述热处理方法获得的铁素体不锈钢板力学性能较好，特别是屈服强度、抗拉强度与维氏硬度均具有较大幅度提高，在保持一定塑性的情况下，有效解决了铁素体不锈钢强度低的难题。Comparing the experimental data of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention such as Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 with the experimental data in the existing embodiments, such as Table 1, it can be seen that the ferrite obtained by the heat treatment method of the present invention is used. The mechanical properties of the bulk stainless steel plate are better, especially the yield strength, tensile strength and Vickers hardness have been greatly improved. Under the condition of maintaining a certain plasticity, the problem of low strength of ferritic stainless steel is effectively solved.
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