CN118272629A - Stainless steel with alternately distributed austenite sheets in hardened state and annealed state and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Stainless steel with alternately distributed austenite sheets in hardened state and annealed state and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, solution treatment, rolling deformation treatment, deep cooling treatment and rapid heating treatment are sequentially carried out on a hot rolled variable-form steel plate, and finally the 321 austenitic stainless steel with a lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure is obtained. In the structure, lamellar hardened austenite serving as a strengthening phase can effectively improve the yield strength of the coarse-grain austenitic stainless steel, and lamellar annealed austenite can provide good plasticity, so that the high-strength plasticity of the austenitic stainless steel is realized by the synergistic effect of the lamellar hardened austenite and the lamellar annealed austenite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production of stainless steel heterogeneous materials, relates to stainless steel with alternately distributed austenite sheets in a hardened state and an annealed state and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to 321 austenitic stainless steel with alternately distributed austenite sheets in a sheet hardened state and an annealed state and a preparation method thereof.
Background
321 Austenitic stainless steel is a typical representative of austenitic stainless steel, and is widely used in various industrial fields such as rail transit, petrochemical industry, automobiles, national defense, and the like. However, the 321 austenitic stainless steel feed state structure is a coarse grain annealed structure, which gives it a lower yield strength. Along with the rapid development of the economy in China, the requirements of various industrial fields on high-strength members are continuously increased. The 321 austenitic stainless steel with low yield strength is difficult to be applied to high-strength members, which restricts the development of the 321 austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, how to increase the yield strength of 321 austenitic stainless steel becomes a problem that needs to be solved for the development of this steel grade.
At present, methods for improving austenitic stainless steel mainly comprise fine grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening, deformation strengthening and martensitic transformation strengthening. The fine grain strengthening means has high requirements on equipment and large loss; the solid solution strengthening means has high cost and poor strength improving effect; the deformation strengthening means introduces a large number of defects into the material, and seriously reduces the plasticity and corrosion resistance of the material; the martensite transformation strengthening changes the non-magnetism of austenite, and simultaneously severely reduces the plasticity of austenitic stainless steel. The above means have some disadvantages in increasing 321 austenitic stainless steel. It can be seen that it is imperative to improve the deficiencies of the existing means or to develop new techniques to improve the yield strength of 321 austenitic stainless steel.
The austenitic structure in austenitic stainless steel has high thermal stability, and the martensite strengthening phase is difficult to be introduced into the austenite grains by the traditional technological means. Aiming at the difficult problem, the prior art based on the research result of martensitic transformation creatively proposes a pre-deformation-cryogenic coupling process, and a martensitic strengthening phase is successfully introduced into austenitic stainless steel. By the technical means, the yield strength of the austenitic stainless steel is effectively improved, but the plasticity of the austenitic stainless steel is seriously reduced.
Heat treatment is a key process to improve material properties. In recent years, the rapid heating process has become a new member of the heat treatment process and has become an important point of research by researchers due to its special treatment mode and excellent influence on tissue properties. Therefore, how to apply the rapid heating process to improve the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel is a potentially important research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs 321 austenitic stainless steel with a lamellar hardening austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure, aiming at the defects that after temperature-induced martensite is introduced into austenitic stainless steel, plasticity is seriously reduced and magnetic property is changed. According to the invention, lamellar hardening austenite small grains are introduced into austenite grains with large grain size, and the lamellar structure is utilized to divide the parent phase austenite, so that a heterostructure between soft and hard lamellar phases is manufactured. Designing lamellar annealed austenite to provide good plasticity and work hardening properties, and designing lamellar hardened austenite to provide high strength; and simultaneously, the back stress strengthening effect of the heterogeneous structure is introduced to improve the performance of the steel. The production process comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out solution treatment on a steel plate in a heat-changed form by utilizing a heat treatment furnace to obtain coarse-grain austenite with uniform components and equiaxial shapes; then introducing linear defects such as sliding bands and the like into austenite grains through two-stage rolling deformation treatment; then, the steel plate is subjected to cryogenic treatment in a low-temperature environment, so that the linear defects which are parallel to each other trigger the martensitic transformation, and a martensite-austenite lamellar structure is obtained; finally, the steel plate is subjected to heat treatment by utilizing a rapid heating process, so that the temperature of strip-shaped distribution induces martensite lath groups to be reversed phase into fine austenite in a strip-shaped hardening state by a shear mechanism. Finally, 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure is obtained.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following means:
the invention provides a preparation method of stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out solution treatment on a stainless steel plate (with the thickness of d and the unit mm) in a heat-changed form by using a heat treatment furnace, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 960-1145 ℃ and the time of the solution treatment is 10-20 d minutes;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment on the steel plate subjected to solution treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment is 25-100 ℃, the deformation amount is 1-2%, the temperature of the second-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment is-50-0 ℃, and the deformation amount is 2-6%;
(3) After the variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is finished, the deformed steel plate is subjected to cryogenic treatment by utilizing a low-temperature environment, the temperature of the cryogenic treatment is between-100 and-196 ℃, the time of the cryogenic treatment is 15-30 d minutes, and then the temperature is raised to the room temperature;
(4) Then heating the stainless steel subjected to the deep cooling treatment to 750-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 40-100 ℃/min for 2-4*d minutes;
(5) After the rapid heating treatment is finished, the steel plate is quenched to room temperature.
Preferably, the stainless steel plate in the step (1) is 321 austenitic stainless steel plate.
Preferably, the time of the solution treatment in step (1) is 14 to 16×d minutes.
Preferably, the temperature of the solution treatment in the step (1) is 990 to 1040 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the temperature of the first-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is 50-70 ℃, and the deformation amount is 2%; the temperature of the second-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is-30 to-20 ℃, and the deformation amount is 4%.
Preferably, the temperature of the cryogenic treatment in the step (3) is-120 to-150 ℃, and the time of the cryogenic treatment is 25×d minutes.
Preferably, the temperature of the rapid thermal processing in the step (4) is 785 ℃, and the time of the rapid thermal processing is 3*d minutes.
Preferably, the temperature rising rate in the step (4) is 100 ℃/min.
The second aspect of the invention provides the stainless steel with the lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure, which is prepared by the preparation method.
Coarse grain equiaxed austenite is susceptible to proliferation and actuation of dislocations in its structure during deformation due to coarse grains, which contributes to the lower yield strength of austenitic stainless steel. The lamellar small austenite grains in a hardened state are introduced into the coarse-grain austenite, so that the effective barrier of dislocation movement in the coarse-grain austenite is firstly increased, the dislocation movement is blocked, and the yield strength of the coarse-grain austenite can be effectively improved. Meanwhile, after lamellar hardened austenite is introduced, the mother phase coarse-grain austenite is divided. Under the action of the segmentation effect, grains of the parent phase coarse-grain austenite are refined, and lamellar annealed austenite is obtained. The two lamellar austenite forms a new structure of austenitic stainless steel, has heterogeneous characteristics, and is a novel heterostructure in austenitic stainless steel.
In the deformation process of the heterostructure, the annealed austenite improves the yield strength of the heterostructure due to size refinement; meanwhile, the lamellar hardened austenite has higher hardness, so that the yield strength of the austenitic stainless steel can be improved; finally, the heterostructure also improves the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel, since it has a back stress strengthening effect.
Under the combined action of the three effects, the yield strength of the coarse-grain austenitic stainless steel is effectively improved, and the good plasticity of the coarse-grain austenitic stainless steel is maintained.
Implementing the above scheme requires two stages of tasks to be completed: (1) Introducing lamellar temperature-induced martensite lath groups into austenite grains; (2) And (3) carrying out reverse phase transformation treatment on the lamellar martensite lath group by utilizing a rapid heating process to change the reverse phase into lamellar hardened austenite, wherein a reverse phase transformation mechanism is a shear mechanism. Under the coupling effect of the two steps, the 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure can be prepared.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the heterogeneous structure design of 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar alternately distributed is provided for the first time from the grain size. The design realizes the regulation and control of the martensitic transformation and reverse transformation processes, and provides a new thought for the tissue structure design of metastable austenitic stainless steel.
(2) Compared with the prior art for improving the yield strength of the austenitic stainless steel, the method effectively improves the yield strength of the austenitic stainless steel under the condition that the plasticity and the magnetic performance of the austenitic stainless steel are not seriously reduced, and improves a new direction for the high-performance design of the austenitic stainless steel.
(3) The invention provides a new process for preparing the heterostructure, which is the coupling effect of the traditional process and the current new technology, has low requirements on equipment, low energy consumption and uniform obtained organization performance; meanwhile, the production process is simple, and large-scale production can be performed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear and clear, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating a hot rolled 321 austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm to 1040 ℃ for solution treatment, wherein the time of the solution treatment is 70min;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment on the stainless steel plate subjected to solution treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment is 70 ℃, the deformation amount is 2%, the temperature of the second-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment is-30 ℃, and the deformation amount is 4%;
(3) Placing the stainless steel plate subjected to variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment in a low-temperature environment of-150 ℃ for 125min;
(4) Heating the deeply cooled steel plate to 785 ℃ by using a rapid heating means at a heating rate of 100 ℃/min for rapid heating treatment, wherein the time of the rapid heating treatment is 15min;
(5) Quenching to room temperature.
Example 2
The 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating a hot rolled 321 austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm to 990 ℃ for solution treatment, wherein the time of the solution treatment is 80 minutes;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment on the stainless steel plate subjected to solution treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is 50 ℃, the deformation amount is 2%, the temperature of the second-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is-20 ℃, and the deformation amount is 4%;
(3) Placing the stainless steel plate subjected to variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment in a low-temperature environment of-120 ℃ for 125min;
(4) Heating the deeply cooled steel plate to 785 ℃ by a rapid heating means at a heating rate of 100 ℃/min for rapid heating treatment, wherein the time of the rapid heating treatment is 20min;
(5) Quenching to room temperature.
Example 3
The 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating a hot rolled 321 austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm to 960 ℃ for solution treatment, wherein the time of the solution treatment is 100min;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment on the stainless steel plate subjected to solution treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is 100 ℃, the deformation amount is 1%, and the temperature of the second-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is-50 ℃ and the deformation amount is 6%;
(3) Placing the stainless steel plate subjected to variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment in a low-temperature environment of-100 ℃ for 150min;
(4) Heating the deeply cooled steel plate to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/min by using a rapid heating means to perform rapid heating treatment, wherein the time of the rapid heating treatment is 20min;
(5) Quenching to room temperature.
Example 4
The 321 austenitic stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating a hot rolled 321 austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm to 1145 ℃ for solution treatment, wherein the time of the solution treatment is 100min;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment on the stainless steel plate subjected to solution treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is 100 ℃, the deformation amount is 2%, and the temperature of the second-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is 0 ℃ and the deformation amount is 6%;
(3) Placing the stainless steel plate subjected to variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment in a low-temperature environment at-196 ℃ for 75min;
(4) Heating the deeply cooled steel plate to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/min by using a rapid heating means to perform rapid heating treatment, wherein the time of the rapid heating treatment is 10min;
(5) Quenching to room temperature.
Comparative example 1
A321 stainless steel, its preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) Heating a hot rolled 321 austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm to 1040 ℃ for solution treatment, wherein the time of the solution treatment is 70min;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment on the stainless steel plate subjected to solution treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is 70 ℃, the deformation amount is 2%, and the temperature of the second-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is-30 ℃ and the deformation amount is 4%;
(3) Placing the stainless steel plate subjected to variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment in a low-temperature environment of-150 ℃ for 125min;
(4) And (5) heating to room temperature.
Comparative example 2
A321 stainless steel, its preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) Heating a hot rolled 321 austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm to 1040 ℃ for solution treatment, wherein the time of the solution treatment is 70min;
(2) Placing the stainless steel plate subjected to solution treatment in a low-temperature environment of-150 ℃ for 125min;
(3) And (3) heating the deeply cooled steel plate to 785 ℃ by using a rapid heating means at a heating rate of 100 ℃/min, wherein the rapid heating time is 15min.
Comparative example 3
A321 stainless steel, its preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) Heating a hot rolled 321 austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm to 1040 ℃ for solution treatment, wherein the time of the solution treatment is 70min;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment on the stainless steel plate subjected to solution treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is 70 ℃, the deformation amount is 2%, and the temperature of the second-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is-30 ℃ and the deformation amount is 4%;
(3) And (3) heating the steel plate subjected to variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment to 785 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃ per minute by using a rapid heating means, and performing rapid heating treatment for 15 minutes.
Verification example 1
The stainless steel sheets of commercial 321, the stainless steels prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were examined for yield strength and elongation of their microstructure (whether or not lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar alternate structure was obtained) by a method conventional in the art, and the specific examination results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 commercial 321 stainless steel, examples 1-4, and comparative examples 1-3 stainless steel test results
The properties of the stainless steel and the commercial stainless steel plates of comparative examples 1-4 show that the microstructure of lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite which are alternately distributed can greatly improve the yield strength of the stainless steel on the premise of not seriously damaging plasticity (more than or equal to 45 percent).
By comparing the results of analysis of examples 1-4 with comparative examples 1-3, the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) Comparative examples and comparative examples it is clear that the heterostructure construction is effective in increasing the yield strength of commercial 321 stainless steel.
(2) The rapid thermal processing process was not set in comparative example 1; comparative example 2 was not provided with a pre-deformation process; in comparative example 3, no cryogenic treatment process was provided. Comparative example 1 achieved the construction of a martensite-austenite heterostructure, failing to achieve the construction of a heterostructure of hardened austenite-annealed austenite, while comparative examples 2 and 3 also failed to achieve the heterostructure of hardened austenite-annealed austenite. The analysis reveals that the pre-deformation process, the cryogenic treatment process and the rapid heating process are all indispensable conditions of the invention, and the 321 stainless steel cannot obtain the optimal performance without any procedure.
The above detailed description describes the analysis method according to the present invention. It should be noted that the above description is only intended to help those skilled in the art to better understand the method and idea of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the related content. Those skilled in the art may make appropriate adjustments or modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such adjustments and modifications should also fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the stainless steel with the lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Carrying out solution treatment on the stainless steel plate in a heat-changed form by utilizing a heat treatment furnace, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 960-1145 ℃, and the time of the solution treatment is 10-20 d minutes; d is the thickness of the stainless steel plate, and the unit is mm;
(2) Carrying out two-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment by using a four-roller cold rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment is 25-100 ℃, the deformation amount is 1-2%, the temperature of the second-stage variable temperature rolling deformation treatment is-50-0 ℃, and the deformation amount is 2-6%;
(3) After the variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is finished, carrying out low-temperature cryogenic treatment, wherein the temperature of the low-temperature cryogenic treatment is between-100 ℃ and-196 ℃, the time of the low-temperature cryogenic treatment is 15-30 d minutes, and then heating to room temperature;
(4) Then heating to 750-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 40-100 ℃/min for rapid heating treatment, wherein the time of the rapid heating treatment is 2-4*d minutes;
(5) After the rapid heating treatment is completed, the stainless steel plate is quenched to room temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stainless steel plate in step (1) is 321 austenitic stainless steel plate.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment in step (1) is 990 to 1040 ℃, and the time of the solution treatment is 14 to 16 x d minutes.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the first-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment in the step (2) is 50-70 ℃, and the deformation amount is 2%; the temperature of the second-stage variable-temperature rolling deformation treatment is-30 to-20 ℃, and the deformation amount is 4%.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the low temperature cryogenic treatment in step (3) is performed at a temperature of-120 to-150 ℃ for a time of 25 x d minutes.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rapid heating treatment in step (4) is carried out at a temperature of 785 ℃ for a time of 3*d minutes.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate in step (5) is 100 ℃/min.
8. Stainless steel with lamellar hardened austenite and annealed austenite lamellar interphase distribution structure prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-7.
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