CN112480175A - 一种具有低效率滚降特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有低效率滚降特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有低效率滚降特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料及其制备方法,属于有机电致发光器件中有机电致磷光材料的制备技术领域。本发明材料以dmdppr‑dmp为主配体以tpip为辅助配体的铱配合物;制备方法:无水甲苯打入二苯基氯化磷,加入六甲基二硅胺烷制备四苯基咪唑‑二磷酸盐;5‑(2,6‑二甲苯基)‑2,3‑双(3,5‑二甲苯基)吡嗪与IrCl3加入2‑乙氧基乙醇,制备氯桥和配合物;将氯桥与四苯基咪唑‑二磷酸盐混合,加入2‑乙氧基乙醇,得到铱配合物[(dmdppr‑dmp)2Ir(tpip)]。本发明解决了绿色有机电致磷光材料的效率问题以及现有材料在高电流密度下呈现出来较强的效率滚降问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有低效率滚降特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料及其制备方法,属于有机电致发光器件中有机电致磷光材料的制备技术领域。
背景技术
过渡金属配合物作为一种有机电致磷光材料,由于其在平板显示及固态照明领域的广泛应用,而受到学术前沿的广泛关注,其低能耗、高亮度、光感柔和等优点使其与当今社会对平板显示器件及固态照明器件的追求目标完全吻合。目前而言,可用于有机电致发光器件的各类过渡金属配合物中,综合性能以铱配合物为最佳,然而,随着铱配合物有机电致磷光材料走向应用的步伐的加快,其致命的弊端也逐渐凸显,即较高的“效率滚降”现象令应用市场无法接受。所谓“效率滚降”现象是指,宏观条件下,采用铱配合物为发光材料的有机电致发光器件,随着电流密度的加大,其功率效率和电流效率均会产生急剧下滑趋势,严重者会直接令器件击穿,出现这一现象的微观原因在于,传统的铱配合物的设计理念是尽量提高配合物的瞬时工作效率以及其发光颜色,而忽略了材料在工作过程中的电荷传输距离问题,所以对于现如今市面上普遍存在的铱配合物的电荷跃迁方式大都以配体到配体跃迁模式居多,电荷的长程距离传输无形中加大了电荷跃迁的负担,进而造成器件中激发态的过分堆积,出现激发态激子淬灭现象。针对于以上原因,通过实验合成了一种具有低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料,其可直接应用于有机电致发光器件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的现有绿色高效有机电致磷光材料高“效率滚降”问题而限制了其在有机电致发光器件领域中的应用的问题,进而提供一种具有低效率滚降特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种具有低效率滚降特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料,有机电致磷光材料是以5-(2,6-二甲苯基)-2,3-双(3,5-二甲苯基)吡嗪(dmdppr-dmp)为主配体并且以四苯基咪唑-二磷(tpip)为辅助配体的铱配合物,该有机电致磷光材料结构通式如下:
本发明还提供了一种具有低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)四苯基咪唑-二磷配体的制备。反应瓶中加入二苯基氯化磷,吸取冷却以后的无水甲苯打入反应瓶中,并将反应环境温度调节到80℃,同时对反应环境除水除氧,加入六甲基二硅胺烷,两反应物摩尔比为1:1,反应温度调节到100℃,反应时间为6h,最后采用柱层析法对产物进行提纯,最终产物为雪白色粉末;
(2)氯桥的制备。将5-(2,6-二甲苯基)-2,3-双(3,5-二甲苯基)吡嗪与IrCl3以摩尔比1:1的比例加入三口瓶中,加入催化剂2-乙氧基乙醇,反应温度调节为130℃,反应20h,对产物进行过滤,烘干,得黄绿色粉末状氯桥[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2;
(3)配合物的制备。将氯桥与四苯基咪唑-二磷酸盐以1:2摩尔比混合与三口瓶中,加入催化剂2-乙氧基乙醇,反应温度调节为130℃,反应时间为20h,对产物进行过滤,烘干,最终得黄绿色粉末,则是以5-(2,6-二甲苯基)-2,3-双(3,5-二甲苯基)吡嗪(dmdppr-dmp)为主配体并且以四苯基咪唑-二磷(tpip)为辅助配体的铱配合物[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]。该配合物属于绿色有机电致磷光材料领域效率相对较高的发生材料,并且其“效率滚降”特性较低,是有机电致发光器件制备的理想材料。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料,主要以5-(2,6-二甲苯基)-2,3-双(3,5-二甲苯基)吡嗪、IrCl3和四苯基咪唑-二磷酸盐为原料,以化学试剂2-乙氧基乙醇为催化剂,通过有机合成反应并生成黄绿色铱配合物有机电致磷光材料[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)],所合成的铱配合物具有低“效率滚降”特性且其相应器件的功率效率与电流效率在80lm/W和82cd/A左右,是有机电致发光器件制备的理想材料。
本发明配合物属于有机电致磷光材料领域发光效率相对偏高,且具有低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致发光材料,是有机电致发光器件制备的理想材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]的1H NMR核磁谱。
图2为本发明[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]的吸收光谱。
图3为本发明[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]的发射光谱。
图4为本发明[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]为发光材料制作有机电致发光器件的器件结构图。
图5为本发明[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]为发光材料制作有机电致发光器件的功率效率随电流密度变化曲线。
图6为本发明[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]为发光材料制作有机电致发光器件的电流效率随电流密度变化曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
如图1至图6所示,本实施例所涉及的一种具有低效率滚降特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料及其制备方法,包括:
实施例1
(1)四苯基咪唑-二磷配体的制备
将1.427g(4.0mmol)二苯基氯化磷,溶解在30mL的无水甲苯中,加热至回流,慢慢滴加化645g(4.0mmol)六甲基二硅胺烷,滴毕继续在回流状态下反应6小时,反应温度为100℃,反应结束后,冷却。然后将反应液在冰水浴下冷却10分钟,将溶解在4mL THF中的1.814g30%的双氧水缓慢滴加至反应液中,滴毕后反应2小时。反应结束后将液体倾至100mL乙醚溶液中,有大量白色沉淀生成,沉淀用水洗涤,得白色固体2.105g,产率:76%。
(2)氯桥的制备
将0.705g(1.0mmol)三氯化铱(IrCl3)和0.392g(1.0mmol)5-(2,6-二甲苯基)-2,3-双(3,5-二甲苯基)吡嗪溶解在8mL的2-乙氧基乙醇中,130℃下回流20h。冷却后,有黄绿色[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2沉淀析出,过滤,分别用乙醇和水洗涤。产物在真空下干燥,得到产物。
(3)配合物的制备
在氮气氛围条件下,将氯桥和四苯基咪唑-二磷酸盐以摩尔比1:2的剂量溶解在5mL的2-乙氧基乙醇溶液中。在130℃下反应20小时,反应结束后有沉淀生成,过滤后干燥。用甲醇重结晶,最后升华提纯得到配合物[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)],产率:52%。
该具有低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料,采用三步法在催化剂2-乙氧基乙醇的作用下,制备出具有低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)],反应方程式为:
对合成的配合物进行了1H NMR分析,如图1所示。从图1的1H NMR核磁谱中看出,各峰对原子的指认均合理,且一一对应,证明了合成的配合物是目标所期待的具有低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料。
3.性能表征:
首先,在对实验中所合成的具有低“效率滚降”特性的绿色高效有机电致磷光材料进行了光谱特征表征,图2、图3中吸收光谱和发射光谱的纵坐标都为相对值,且都为谐振强度,从图2和图3可以看出,该材料的吸收峰位于345nm,而发射峰出现在544nm处,在500-5500nm处存在略微自吸收现象。从发光颜色上看,属于绿色磷光材料,可直接应用于有机电致发光器件制作。
此外,为研究该材料的低“效率滚降”特性及其高效性,将该材料应用于基本有机电致发光器件制作中,该器件结构设计如图4所示:ITO/TAPC(40nm)/(dmppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip):mCP(20nm,6wt%)/TmPyPb(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm),其中HTL为空穴传输层,也是电子阻挡层,EML为发光层,ETL为电子传输层,也是空穴阻挡层。主体材料选择mCP,其带隙可将发光材料的带隙完全包裹,避免出现主体材料发光或者主体材料与客体材料复合发光,电子与空穴注入能垒介于0.3-0.4eV,确保载流子可以顺利突破能垒;电子与空穴阻挡能垒介于0.4-0.8eV,避免载流子突破能垒,造成器件漏电现象。
通过对该单色器件进行电流效率及功率效率随时间变化曲线(如图5-6),可以看出,随着电流密度的逐渐增加,曲线区域水平,并且其功率效率与电流效率都能稳定在80lm/W和82cd/A左右,证明了该材料的低“效率滚降”特性明显且发光效率较高,也进一步证实该材料可直接应用于有机固态照明及有机平板显示领域。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式,而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (2)
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有低效率滚降特性的蓝色有机电致磷光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下列步骤:
步骤一:四苯基咪唑-二磷酸盐配体的制备
反应瓶中加入二苯基氯化磷,吸取冷却以后的无水甲苯打入反应瓶中,并将反应环境温度调节到80℃,同时对反应环境除水除氧,加入六甲基二硅胺烷,反应物二苯基氯化磷与六甲基二硅胺烷的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度调节到100℃,反应时间为6h,最后采用柱层析法对产物进行提纯,最终产物为雪白色粉末;
步骤二:氯桥的制备
将5-(2,6-二甲苯基)-2,3-双(3,5-二甲苯基)吡嗪与IrCl3以摩尔比1:1的比例加入三口瓶中,加入催化剂2-乙氧基乙醇,反应温度调节为130℃,反应20h,对产物进行过滤,烘干,得黄绿色粉末状氯桥[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2;
步骤三:配合物的制备
将氯桥与四苯基咪唑-二磷酸盐以摩尔比1:2的比例混合于三口瓶中,加入催化剂2-乙氧基乙醇,反应温度调节为130℃,反应时间为20h,对产物进行过滤,烘干,最终得黄绿色粉末,则是以5-(2,6-二甲苯基)-2,3-双(3,5-二甲苯基)吡嗪为主配体并且以四苯基咪唑-二磷为辅助配体的铱配合物[(dmdppr-dmp)2Ir(tpip)]。
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