CN112479776A - Drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention provides a drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea, fulvic acid, magnesium sulfate, a pretreatment material, a rooting agent and colloidal particles; the pretreatment material is prepared by mixing and grinding mushroom bran, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate; the rooting agent is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, p-benzophenol sodium, o-benzophenol sodium and naphthylacetic acid; the colloidal particles are prepared by mixing pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid, indolebutyric acid and water at a high speed. The drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention can realize comprehensive cooperation according to the growth requirements of cotton plants in drought areas, so that the cotton plants can absorb nutrient in time, physiological boll-removing is reduced, the humidity of cotton fields is maintained, the drought-resistant purpose is achieved, and the cotton yield is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a drought-resistant and boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cotton, as a heat-loving and good-light crop, is suitable for being planted in loose deep soil. The three cotton areas in China are the yellow river basin, the Yangtze river basin and the cotton area in the northwest inland. Among them, Xinjiang in northwest is the largest cotton producing area in China at present. With the development of fine and high yield of cotton planting, functional fertilizers become the key to guarantee continuous high yield. The Xinjiang area is arid or semiarid area, and water and nutrient are two major limiting factors of cotton yield. The cotton is in the boll stage, the cotton buds and bolls fall off, and the yield of the cotton is influenced. The cotton boll shedding has more influence factors, but sufficient water and reasonable nutrients are particularly important for preventing the cotton boll shedding, and are the most concerned by cotton farmers.
At present, film covering treatment is mostly adopted for planting cotton in arid areas in Xinjiang aiming at the drought problem, but the drought resisting effect is limited, and the dropping rate of cotton bolls is always high. Reasonable nutrients are vital to preventing cotton buds and bolls from falling off, but general fertilizers have the defects that the yield is influenced by the buds and bolls of the general fertilizers no matter the fertilizers are insufficient or too much, and meanwhile, the addition of a large amount of chemical fertilizers has adverse effects on the soil quality. Research shows that after the cotton enters the bud period, the absorption amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium gradually increases along with the increase of the growth speed until the boll period reaches the peak. The fertilizer for cotton in the boll stage is the key for multi-boll generation and premature senility prevention. In order to increase the bell number, increase the bell weight and prevent premature senility, fertilizers are basically supplemented according to the growth requirements.
The water-soluble fertilizer is a multi-element compound fertilizer capable of being completely dissolved in water, and compared with the traditional non-full water-soluble fertilizers and slow-release varieties such as calcium superphosphate, granulated compound fertilizers and the like, the water-soluble fertilizer has the remarkable advantages of instant dissolution, high absorption rate, quick response, no residue, convenience in application and the like, and is rapidly developed in recent years. In order to ensure that cotton plants absorb nutrient in time, water-soluble fertilizers are widely used in cotton planting. However, the application of water soluble fertilizers needs to be further combined with the growth characteristics of cotton to avoid the adverse effects caused by improper application.
Chinese patent application No. 201210235199.7 discloses a leaf fertilizer for promoting cotton bud and boll development, which is aqueous solution, and the active ingredients of the leaf fertilizer consist of nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, borax, auxin, 6-benzyladenine and gibberellin. Chinese invention patent application No. 201410426695.X discloses a liquid spray drip irrigation fertilizer special for cotton, and belongs to the technical field of production of fertilizer special for crops. The composition is prepared from the following raw materials: urea-ammonium nitrate solution, industrial monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated zinc, borax, ammonium heptamolybdate, potassium fulvate, seaweed essence and water.
In order to solve the problem that the shedding rate of the cotton buds and the bolls is high when cotton is planted in the arid region and effectively exert the drought-resisting and boll-protecting effects of the water-soluble fertilizer, a novel water-soluble fertilizer is needed to be provided, and further the increase of the cotton yield in the arid region is effectively realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the growth needs of cotton planted in arid regions, in order to comprehensively cooperate to enable cotton plants to absorb nutrient in time, reduce physiological boll shedding, maintain the humidity of cotton fields and achieve the aim of drought resistance, the invention provides the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer and the preparation method, thereby effectively realizing the drought resistance and boll protection of cotton and improving the yield of cotton.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea, fulvic acid, magnesium sulfate, a pretreatment material, a rooting agent and colloidal particles; the pretreatment material is prepared by mixing and grinding mushroom bran, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate; the rooting agent is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, p-benzophenol sodium, o-benzophenol sodium and naphthylacetic acid; the colloidal particles are prepared by mixing pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid, indolebutyric acid and water at a high speed.
Preferably, the pregelatinized starch is prepared by pregelatinizing one or more of corn starch, water chestnut starch, lotus root starch, water chestnut starch, mung bean starch, pea starch, potato starch, wheat starch, sweet potato starch and cassava starch.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying mushroom bran, mixing the dried mushroom bran with polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding by using a jet mill, transferring a grinding material into a ball mill, adding potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carrying out ball milling, and discharging to obtain a pretreatment material;
(2) uniformly mixing 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, p-benzophenol sodium, o-benzophenol sodium and naphthylacetic acid to obtain a compound rooting agent;
(3) grinding and compounding pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate, then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a high-speed mixer, spraying appropriate amount of water while stirring at high speed to bond part of the pregelatinized starch and the guar gum, and compounding the EDTA-Zn, the EDTA-Mn, the EEDTA-Fe, the boric acid and the potassium indolebutyrate to obtain colloidal particles;
(4) crushing urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate respectively, and then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sieved urea, sieved fulvic acid and sieved magnesium sulfate;
(5) adding the sieved urea, the sieved fulvic acid, the sieved magnesium sulfate, the pretreatment material, the compounded rooting agent and the colloidal particles into a drum mixer, uniformly mixing, metering and packaging to obtain the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the ball milling in the step (1) is controlled at 300-500rpm, and the ball milling is carried out for 25-35 min.
Preferably, in the preparation of the pretreatment material in the step (1), the mass ratio of the dried mushroom bran, the polyvinyl alcohol, the potassium sulfate and the monopotassium phosphate is 30-40:3-5:15-20: 10-15.
Preferably, in the rooting agent preparation in the step (2), the mass ratio of the 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, the p-nitro phenol sodium, the o-nitro phenol sodium and the naphthylacetic acid is 1-2:4-6:1-3: 8-12.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the high-speed stirring in the step (3) is controlled at 500-600rpm, and the stirring is carried out for 30-40 min.
Preferably, in the preparation of the colloidal particles in the step (3), the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid, potassium indolebutyrate and water is 100:3-5:1-2:0.5-1:0.1-0.2:2-3:0.01-0.1: 10-30.
Preferably, in the preparation of the drought resisting and boll protecting water soluble fertilizer in the step (5), the mass ratio of the sieved urea, the sieved fulvic acid, the sieved magnesium sulfate, the pretreatment material, the compounded rooting agent and the colloidal particles is 40-60:3-5:0.2-0.5:70-80:0.01-0.02: 3-5.
It is known that, the Xinjiang area is arid or semiarid area, has sufficient illumination and strong photosynthesis, is beneficial to promoting the absorption of nutrient substances of cotton when the cotton is planted, but the drought and high temperature of the Xinjiang area easily cause the dropping of buds and bolls when the cotton enters the boll stage, thereby affecting the yield. In recent years, the water-soluble fertilizer can effectively promote cotton plants to absorb nutrients in time. However, despite the on-demand fertilizer supplementation, the cotton boll protection effect is very slight, and the further increase of the dropping rate of the bud bolls can be avoided. Researches show that the cotton plants are ensured to absorb required nutrients timely and reasonably, the problem of hormone unbalance in the cotton plants is also adjusted at any time, and physiological boll shedding is caused by unreasonable absorption of different nutrients and the loss of gibberellic acid, naphthylacetic acid and the like. Aiming at different requirements of drought high temperature and different ages of cotton on fertilizers, the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer is creatively prepared, and can comprehensively cooperate to enable cotton plants to absorb nutrient components in time to reduce physiological boll-removing, maintain the humidity of cotton fields and achieve the aim of resisting drought.
The invention firstly dries fungus chaff, then mixes the fungus chaff with polyvinyl alcohol, refines and grinds the fungus chaff and the polyvinyl alcohol, and then ball-mills the fungus chaff with potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a pretreatment material. The mushroom bran is a culture medium residue after receiving the edible mushroom by using the raw materials such as straw, sawdust and the like to substitute the edible mushroom, is commonly called as an edible mushroom cultivation waste material, mushroom residue or excess material, and is a compound of edible mushroom mycelium residues and components such as crude fiber and the like with qualitative change of the structure through the enzymolysis of the edible mushroom; the mushroom bran contains amino acid and a large amount of mycelia, and the main matrix of the mushroom bran comprises cotton seed hulls, corncobs, sawdust, straws and the like; the mushroom bran is loose and breathable, can be further decomposed into humus with good ventilation and water storage capacity in soil, can enhance the ventilation of the soil, avoids the phenomenon of soil hardening and the like, is rich in organic matters and various mineral elements, can improve the soil, increases the soil fertility, can improve the physicochemical property of the soil after being applied into the soil, increases the content of organic matters in the soil, promotes the formation and conversion of the humus and granular groups of the soil, improves the water retention performance and the soil fertility of the soil, promotes the anti-corrosion capacity and the yield increase of crops, and can reduce a plurality of negative effects caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, such as soil pollution, environmental pollution and the like. According to the invention, the mushroom bran and the polyvinyl alcohol are subjected to jet milling and grinding, the polyvinyl alcohol is used as a substance which is easily dissolved in water to form a colloid, and the mushroom bran and the polyvinyl alcohol are subjected to crushing, refining and grinding, so that a compound of the mushroom bran and the polyvinyl alcohol is easily dispersed in water to form a colloid, and thus the mushroom bran can be applied as a water-soluble fertilizer; particularly, the fungus chaff and the polyvinyl alcohol form a colloid in water, the colloid has water fixing and holding properties after being applied to a cotton field, the cotton field after being irrigated does not lose water rapidly at high temperature, the field is kept moist, the drought resistance is excellent, the bud boll falling caused by high temperature is reduced, and the effects of resisting drought and protecting boll are achieved.
In addition, after the fungus chaff and the polyvinyl alcohol are subjected to airflow refining and grinding, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate soluble salt are added for grinding, on one hand: the phosphate fertilizer promotes early rooting and quick rooting, improves the drought resistance, and the potassium fertilizer promotes the root system to be developed, the stems to be thick and strong, and improves the drought resistance; on the other hand: the potassium sulfate and the monopotassium phosphate belong to soluble salts, and after the potassium sulfate and the bacterial bran and the polyvinyl alcohol are fully ground, when the potassium sulfate and the monopotassium phosphate are used as water-soluble fertilizers and added with water, the soluble salts can be quickly dissolved, so that the bacterial bran and the polyvinyl alcohol are promoted to be quickly dispersed into colloid, adhesion and agglomeration are prevented, and the drought-resisting and boll-keeping effects are effectively exerted.
Furthermore, 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, para-phenyl nitro phenol sodium, ortho-phenyl nitro phenol sodium and naphthylacetic acid are mixed to prepare a compounded rooting agent, the compounded rooting agent is compounded by the compounded sodium nitrophenol sodium and the naphthylacetic acid and is used for a water-soluble fertilizer to promote cotton plants to root to form developed root systems, on one hand, the purpose of drought resistance is achieved, and on the other hand, the developed root systems are beneficial to the cotton plants to absorb nutrients timely and quickly in a specific time to prevent cotton bolls from falling off.
Further, grinding and compounding the pregelatinized starch, the guar gum, the EDTA-Zn, the EDTA-Mn, the EEDTA-Fe, the boric acid and the potassium indolebutyrate, sieving, stirring at a high speed, and spraying a proper amount of water to bond part of the pregelatinized starch and the guar gum, so that the EDTA-Zn, the EDTA-Mn, the EEDTA-Fe, the boric acid and the potassium indolebutyrate are compounded to obtain the colloidal particles. In order to ensure that trace elements EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and a growth regulator potassium indolebutyrate are stably stored in a water-soluble fertilizer and are not easy to quickly permeate and run off in soil after being dissolved in water, the invention pre-disperses the trace elements in pregelatinized starch and guar gum to form colloidal particles, so that the colloidal particles are relatively isolated from other fertilizers during the time matching and do not react, and colloidal fluid is formed after being used in water and is fixed at the root of a cotton plant and does not run off in the deep layer along with water permeation. Wherein, boron is a trace element for promoting the high yield of cotton and has the functions of protecting flowers and bolls; the potassium indolebutyrate is a plant growth regulator for promoting rooting, can be slowly decomposed under strong light, is stored under the condition of shading and has a stable molecular structure.
And finally, crushing and sieving the urea, the fulvic acid and the magnesium sulfate, and mixing the crushed and sieved urea, the fulvic acid and the magnesium sulfate with the pretreatment material, the compounded rooting agent and the colloidal particles to obtain the drought-resistant boll-keeping water-soluble fertilizer. The fulvic acid can rapidly improve soil, establish a stable granular soil structure, increase organic matters and soil microbial environment, and particularly can be matched with acidic fungus chaff to rapidly establish a salt transport channel of the soil, so that the root system of a cotton plant can rapidly and timely absorb nutrients; if the fertilizer is applied in time and absorbed in time within about 15 days after the buds of the cotton plants emerge and within 5 days of the flowering period, the dropping rate of the cotton bolls can be effectively reduced. The finally obtained water-soluble fertilizer has excellent drought-resisting and boll-protecting effects.
The growth of cotton plants in the existing arid area is easy to cause physiological boll shedding, which affects the cotton yield. In view of the above, the invention provides a drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of drying mushroom bran, mixing the mushroom bran with polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding the mixture by using a jet mill, transferring the mixture into a ball mill, adding potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and carrying out ball milling to obtain a pretreatment material; uniformly mixing 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, p-benzophenol sodium, o-benzophenol sodium and naphthylacetic acid to obtain a rooting agent; grinding and compounding pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate, sieving, further adding into a high-speed mixer, spraying appropriate amount of water while stirring at high speed, and compounding to obtain colloidal particles; and (3) crushing and sieving the urea, the fulvic acid and the magnesium sulfate respectively, adding the crushed and sieved urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate, the pretreated urea, the compounded rooting agent and colloidal particles into a drum mixer for mixing, and metering and packaging to obtain the drought-resistant boll-keeping water-soluble fertilizer. The drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention can realize comprehensive cooperation according to the growth requirements of cotton plants in drought areas, so that the cotton plants can absorb nutrient in time, physiological boll removal is reduced, the humidity of cotton fields is maintained, and the drought resistance purpose is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention has the outstanding characteristics and excellent effects that:
1. the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the invention can realize comprehensive cooperation according to the growth requirement of cotton plants in drought areas, so that the cotton plants can absorb nutrient in time, physiological boll-removing is reduced, the humidity of cotton fields is maintained, the drought-resistant purpose is achieved, and the cotton yield is increased.
2. In the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the invention, the mushroom bran and the polyvinyl alcohol form a colloid in water, and the water-soluble fertilizer has water-fixing and water-holding performances after being applied to a cotton field, so that the cotton field after being watered does not lose water rapidly at high temperature, keeps the humidity of the field, has excellent drought-resistant performance, and reduces the dropping of bolls influenced by high temperature; the trace elements, the boric acid and the growth regulator potassium indolebutyrate are stable in storage of the water-soluble fertilizer, are not easy to rapidly permeate and run off in soil after being dissolved in water, so that cotton plants can absorb the trace elements in time and inform the formation of colloidal particles with pregelatinized starch and guar gum, the colloidal particles are relatively isolated when being matched with other fertilizers on one hand and cannot react, and colloidal fluid can be formed after being used for water on the other hand and is fixed at the roots of the cotton plants and cannot be deeply drained along with water permeation.
3. In the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the invention, the compounded rooting agent can promote cotton plants to root to form developed root systems, so that on one hand, the drought resistance purpose is achieved, and on the other hand, the developed root systems are beneficial for the cotton plants to quickly absorb nutrients in time at a specific time to prevent cotton bolls from falling off. In addition, fulvic acid is matched with acid mushroom bran to quickly establish a salt transport channel of soil, so that the root system of the cotton plant can quickly and timely absorb nutrients, and the cotton boll dropping rate can be effectively reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.
Example 1
(1) Drying mushroom bran, mixing 35kg of dried mushroom bran with 4kg of polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding by using a jet mill, transferring a grinding material into a ball mill, adding 18kg of potassium sulfate and 12kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carrying out ball milling at the rotation speed of 400rpm for 30min, and discharging to obtain a pretreatment material;
(2) uniformly mixing 1.5kg of 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, 5kg of p-benzophenol sodium, 2kg of o-benzophenol sodium and 10kg of naphthylacetic acid to obtain a compound rooting agent;
(3) grinding and compounding 100kg of pregelatinized corn starch, 4kg of guar gum, 1.5kg of EDTA-Zn, 0.8kg of EDTA-Mn, 0.15kg of EEDTA-Fe, 2.5kg of boric acid and 0.06kg of potassium indolebutyrate, sieving the mixture by a 100-mesh sieve, adding the sieved mixture into a high-speed mixer, spraying 20kg of water while stirring at a high speed, controlling the rotation speed of the high-speed stirring to be 550rpm, and stirring for 35min to bond part of the pregelatinized starch and the guar gum, so that EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate are compounded to obtain colloidal particles;
(4) crushing urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate respectively, and then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sieved urea, sieved fulvic acid and sieved magnesium sulfate;
(5) adding 50kg of sieved urea, 4kg of sieved fulvic acid, 0.35kg of sieved magnesium sulfate, 75kg of pretreatment material, 0.015kg of compounded rooting agent and 4kg of colloidal particles into a drum mixer, uniformly mixing, metering and packaging to obtain the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer.
Example 2
(1) Drying mushroom bran, mixing 38kg of dried mushroom bran with 3.5kg of polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding by using a jet mill, transferring a grinding material into a ball mill, adding 16kg of potassium sulfate and 11kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carrying out ball milling at the rotation speed of 350rpm for 32min, and discharging to obtain a pretreatment material;
(2) uniformly mixing 1.2kg of 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, 4.5kg of p-benzophenol sodium, 1.5kg of o-benzophenol sodium and 11kg of naphthylacetic acid to obtain a compound rooting agent;
(3) grinding and compounding 100kg of pregelatinized water caltrop starch, 3.5kg of guar gum, 1.2kg of EDTA-Zn, 0.6kg of EDTA-Mn, 0.12kg of EEDTA-Fe, 2.2kg of boric acid and 0.03kg of potassium indolebutyrate, then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a high-speed mixer, spraying 15kg of water while stirring at high speed, controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirring at 520rpm, and stirring for 38min to bond part of pregelatinized starch and guar gum, thereby compounding EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate to obtain colloidal particles;
(4) crushing urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate respectively, and then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sieved urea, sieved fulvic acid and sieved magnesium sulfate;
(5) adding 45kg of sieved urea, 3.5kg of sieved fulvic acid, 0.3kg of sieved magnesium sulfate, 78kg of pretreatment material, 0.012kg of compounded rooting agent and 3.5kg of colloidal particles into a drum mixer, uniformly mixing, metering and packaging to obtain the drought-resisting boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer.
Example 3
(1) Drying mushroom bran, mixing 32kg of dried mushroom bran with 4.5kg of polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding by using a jet mill, transferring a grinding material into a ball mill, adding 18kg of potassium sulfate and 14kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ball-milling at the rotation speed of 450rpm for 28min, and discharging to obtain a pretreatment material;
(2) uniformly mixing 1.8kg of 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, 5.5kg of p-benzophenol sodium, 2.5kg of o-benzophenol sodium and 9kg of naphthylacetic acid to obtain a compound rooting agent;
(3) grinding and compounding 100kg of pregelatinized potato starch, 4.5kg of guar gum, 1.8kg of EDTA-Zn, 0.8kg of EDTA-Mn, 0.18kg of EEDTA-Fe, 2.8kg of boric acid and 0.08kg of potassium indolebutyrate, then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a high-speed mixer, spraying 25kg of water while stirring at a high speed, controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirring at 580rpm, and stirring for 32min to bond part of pregelatinized starch and the guar gum, thereby compounding EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate to obtain colloidal particles;
(4) crushing urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate respectively, and then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sieved urea, sieved fulvic acid and sieved magnesium sulfate;
(5) adding 55kg of sieved urea, 4.5kg of sieved fulvic acid, 0.4kg of sieved magnesium sulfate, 72kg of pretreatment material, 0.018kg of compound rooting agent and 4.5kg of colloidal particles into a drum mixer, uniformly mixing, metering and packaging to obtain the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer.
Example 4
(1) Drying mushroom bran, mixing 40kg of dried mushroom bran with 3kg of polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding by using a jet mill, transferring a grinding material into a ball mill, adding 15kg of potassium sulfate and 10kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ball-milling at the rotation speed of 300rpm for 35min, and discharging to obtain a pretreated material;
(2) uniformly mixing 1kg of 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, 4kg of p-benzophenol sodium, 1kg of o-benzophenol sodium and 12kg of naphthylacetic acid to obtain a compound rooting agent;
(3) grinding and compounding 100kg of pregelatinized wheat starch, 3kg of guar gum, 1kg of EDTA-Zn, 0.5kg of EDTA-Mn, 0.1kg of EEDTA-Fe, 2kg of boric acid and 0.01kg of potassium indolebutyrate, then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a high-speed mixer, spraying 10kg of water while stirring at high speed, controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirring at 500rpm, stirring for 40min, and bonding part of pregelatinized starch and guar gum, so that EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate are compounded to obtain colloidal particles;
(4) crushing urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate respectively, and then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sieved urea, sieved fulvic acid and sieved magnesium sulfate;
(5) adding 40kg of sieved urea, 3kg of sieved fulvic acid, 0.2kg of sieved magnesium sulfate, 80kg of pretreatment material, 0.01kg of compounded rooting agent and 3kg of colloidal particles into a drum mixer, uniformly mixing, metering and packaging to obtain the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer.
Example 5
(1) Drying mushroom bran, mixing 30kg of dried mushroom bran with 5kg of polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding by using a jet mill, transferring a grinding material into a ball mill, adding 20kg of potassium sulfate and 15kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carrying out ball milling at a ball milling rotation speed of 500rpm for 25min, and discharging to obtain a pretreatment material;
(2) evenly mixing 2kg of 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, 6kg of p-benzophenol sodium, 3kg of o-benzophenol sodium and 8kg of naphthylacetic acid to obtain a compound rooting agent;
(3) grinding and compounding 100kg of pregelatinized cassava starch, 5kg of guar gum, 2kg of EDTA-Zn, 1kg of EDTA-Mn, 0.2kg of EEDTA-Fe, 3kg of boric acid and 0.1kg of potassium indolebutyrate, then sieving the mixture by a 100-mesh sieve, adding the sieved mixture into a high-speed mixer, spraying 10-30kg of water while stirring at a high speed, controlling the rotating speed of the high-speed stirring to be 600rpm, stirring for 30min, and bonding part of the pregelatinized starch and the guar gum, so that EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate are compounded to obtain colloidal particles;
(4) crushing urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate respectively, and then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sieved urea, sieved fulvic acid and sieved magnesium sulfate;
(5) 60kg of sieved urea, 5kg of sieved fulvic acid, 0.5kg of sieved magnesium sulfate, 70kg of pretreatment material, 0.02kg of compounded rooting agent and 5kg of colloidal particles are added into a drum mixer, uniformly mixed, measured and packaged to obtain the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 in comparison with example 1, polyvinyl alcohol was not added to the mushroom bran to grind them when preparing the pretreatment materials, and the rest was completely the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 in comparison with example 1, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and the growth regulator potassium indolebutyrate were not previously treated as gum particles with pregelatinized starch, guar gum, but were directly mixed with other fertilizers in equal amounts, the others being completely identical to example 1.
The test method comprises the following steps:
and (3) drought resistance and boll protection effect test: performing a fertilization effect test in a Xinjiang cotton production area (the same field is used in the test field, and the base fertilizer are the same); the water soluble fertilizers obtained in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-2 of the invention are respectively used for cotton field irrigation and comparison: applying water-soluble fertilizer after budding, wherein the application amount per mu is 25 kg; and (3) applying water-soluble fertilizer before blooming, wherein the application amount per mu is 15 kg. The reference test field is a cotton field without water-soluble fertilizer. The average number of bolls, the boll shedding rate and the final yield of lint cotton per mu of each plant are determined by random sampling, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
as can be seen from the table 1, the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the invention has good drought-resistant boll-protecting effect, and the water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by the invention achieves the aims of effectively resisting drought and protecting boll through trial in an experimental field, wherein the yield of ginned cotton per unit exceeds 130 kg/mu, and the number of bolls formed by a single plant is 5-6. In contrast, in comparative example 1, polyvinyl alcohol is not added into the mushroom bran to be ground when the pretreatment material is prepared, and the obtained pretreatment material is used for suspending a water-soluble fertilizer in water without the assistance of polyvinyl alcohol, cannot form a colloid, and is difficult to be applied as the water-soluble fertilizer; meanwhile, after the fertilizer is applied to cotton fields, the water fixing and holding performance is poor, the irrigated cotton fields are easy to lose water at high temperature, the drought resistance is reduced, and the number of bolls of a single plant is reduced. In the comparative example 2, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and the growth regulator potassium indolebutyrate are not pre-treated into colloidal particles by pre-gelatinized starch and guar gum, and are easy to permeate and run off in soil and cannot be effectively absorbed after being used for water-soluble fertilizers, so that the boll dropping rate is influenced to a certain extent.
Claims (9)
1. The drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by mixing urea, fulvic acid, magnesium sulfate, a pretreatment material, a rooting agent and colloidal particles; the pretreatment material is prepared by mixing and grinding mushroom bran, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate; the rooting agent is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, p-benzophenol sodium, o-benzophenol sodium and naphthylacetic acid; the colloidal particles are prepared by mixing pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid, indolebutyric acid and water at a high speed.
2. The drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pregelatinized starch is prepared by pregelatinizing one or more of corn starch, water chestnut starch, lotus root starch, water chestnut starch, mung bean starch, pea starch, potato starch, wheat starch, sweet potato starch and cassava starch.
3. The preparation method of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drying mushroom bran, mixing the dried mushroom bran with polyvinyl alcohol, finely grinding by using a jet mill, transferring a grinding material into a ball mill, adding potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carrying out ball milling, and discharging to obtain a pretreatment material;
(2) uniformly mixing 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, p-benzophenol sodium, o-benzophenol sodium and naphthylacetic acid to obtain a compound rooting agent;
(3) grinding and compounding pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid and potassium indolebutyrate, then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a high-speed mixer, spraying appropriate amount of water while stirring at high speed to bond part of the pregelatinized starch and the guar gum, and compounding the EDTA-Zn, the EDTA-Mn, the EEDTA-Fe, the boric acid and the potassium indolebutyrate to obtain colloidal particles;
(4) crushing urea, fulvic acid and magnesium sulfate respectively, and then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sieved urea, sieved fulvic acid and sieved magnesium sulfate;
(5) adding the sieved urea, the sieved fulvic acid, the sieved magnesium sulfate, the pretreatment material, the compounded rooting agent and the colloidal particles into a drum mixer, uniformly mixing, metering and packaging to obtain the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer.
4. The preparation method of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rotation speed of the ball mill in the step (1) is controlled at 300-500rpm, and the ball mill lasts for 25-35 min.
5. The preparation method of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the preparation of the pretreatment material in the step (1), the mass ratio of the dried mushroom bran, the polyvinyl alcohol, the potassium sulfate and the monopotassium phosphate is 30-40:3-5:15-20: 10-15.
6. The preparation method of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the preparation of the rooting agent in the step (2), the mass ratio of the 2, 4-dinitrophenol sodium, the p-nitro phenol sodium, the o-nitro phenol sodium and the naphthylacetic acid is 1-2:4-6:1-3: 8-12.
7. The method for preparing the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rotation speed of the high-speed stirring in the step (3) is controlled at 500-600rpm, and the stirring is carried out for 30-40 min.
8. The preparation method of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the colloidal particle preparation in the step (3), the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch, guar gum, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Mn, EEDTA-Fe, boric acid, potassium indolebutyrate and water is 100:3-5:1-2:0.5-1:0.1-0.2:2-3:0.01-0.1: 10-30.
9. The preparation method of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the preparation of the drought-resistant boll-protecting water-soluble fertilizer in the step (5), the mass ratio of the sieved urea, the sieved fulvic acid, the sieved magnesium sulfate, the pretreatment material, the compounded rooting agent and the colloidal particles is 40-60:3-5:0.2-0.5:70-80:0.01-0.02: 3-5.
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