CN112479178A - Preparation method of lignin carbon/bismuth oxide composite material and pseudo-capacitance performance thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of lignin carbon/bismuth oxide composite material and pseudo-capacitance performance thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112479178A CN112479178A CN202011433675.7A CN202011433675A CN112479178A CN 112479178 A CN112479178 A CN 112479178A CN 202011433675 A CN202011433675 A CN 202011433675A CN 112479178 A CN112479178 A CN 112479178A
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G29/00—Compounds of bismuth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
A preparation method of a novel lignin carbon/bismuth oxide composite material and the pseudocapacitance performance thereof relate to a preparation method of a novel lignin carbon/bismuth oxide composite material and the pseudocapacitance performance thereof. The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel lignin carbon/bismuth oxide composite material, and aims to discover a novel composite material and provide a preparation method of a novel lignin carbon/bismuth oxide composite material. And the novel composite material is tested for electrochemical performance. Research shows that the electrochemical performance of the composite material can reach 94 F.kg at the current density of 0.1 A.g < -1 >‑11.3 times of the single metal oxide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a lignin carbon/bismuth oxide composite material and pseudocapacitance performance thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the increasing industrialization level and the rapid increase of population, the development of human beings on the existing resources reaches the unprecedented level, so that various problems of resource waste, environmental pollution and the like are caused, and the problems not only threaten the natural environment on which the human beings rely to live, but also become important factors restricting the economic development of all countries in the world. In addition, the demand of world countries for energy is increasing with the development of the times, so that the non-renewable resources face a severe situation of being exhausted, and the solution of the problems greatly depends on the development of novel efficient energy. Lignocellulose as a sustainable material in renewable resources attracts extensive attention of all countries in the world due to the characteristics of wide sources, renewability, environmental protection and the like. Lignin, a natural organic high molecular compound with a second ranking after cellulose in total amount, is a widely used renewable resource. As a big agricultural country, China will generate about 5000 million tons of industrial lignin (main by-products of papermaking and biorefinery industries) every year, but most of the industrial lignin is not effectively recycled and is directly discharged into a water body, so that not only is the serious pollution of the water environment caused, but also a large amount of resources are wasted. Therefore, the high-value application of the industrial lignin has important significance on resource recycling, environmental protection and new material development.
In recent years, lignin has attracted much attention as a carbon material because of its high carbon content, low cost, and unique network structure. Therefore, lignocelluloses carbon has been widely explored in the research fields of catalysts, adsorbents, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and the like. The super capacitor is an energy storage device with high power density, fast charge and discharge performance, no pollution and long cycle life, and is more and more concerned by the energy storage field. Electrode materials for supercapacitors can generally be divided into three categories, including carbon materials, metal oxides, and conductive polymers. Metal oxides are generally not used as electrode materials of supercapacitors due to their poor conductivity, low rate performance and short cycle life, but can be modified by taking advantage of the good conductivity of carbon materials. Researchers find that the electrochemical performance of the metal oxide can be effectively improved by modifying the metal oxide with the carbon material. Because the lignin is a polymer organic matter with a three-dimensional net structure formed by taking phenylpropane as a structural unit, the lignin can be carbonized to form a graphene-like material (called wood for short) with a certain pore structureCarbonaceous carbon) is an effective alternative to carbon-based materials. If the composite material is compounded with the metal oxide, the photoelectric property of the metal oxide can be improved, and a favorable way can be provided for resource utilization of industrial lignin. Because of the advantages of low cost, wide temperature range, easy preparation, single oxide form and the like of the bismuth oxide, the bismuth oxide and the lignin carbon are compounded to prepare the lignin carbon/bismuth oxide (LC/Bi)2O3) The composite material is prepared and the electrochemical performance of the composite material is studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to find a new material with higher pseudocapacitive performance so as to provide LC/Bi2O3A process for the preparation of novel composite materials. The method has simple and effective preparation process, low reagent consumption and high yield.
The invention provides an LC/Bi2O3The preparation method of the novel composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) activating alkali lignin, namely activating the alkali lignin by taking the alkali lignin as a carbon source, dissolving a certain amount of alkali lignin in a sodium hydroxide solution under the condition of stirring, adding a certain amount of trimethyl ammonium chloride, raising the temperature, heating and stirring for a period of time, putting the product into a dialysis bag for dialysis until the product is neutral, drying and grinding to obtain activated alkali lignin powder.
The adding amount of the alkali lignin in the step (1) is 10 g;
the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution in the step (1) is 20 percent;
the adding amount of the trimethyl ammonium chloride in the step (1) is 9 g;
the temperature rise temperature in the step (1) is 85 +/-5 ℃.
And (2) heating and stirring for 3-4 h.
(2) Under the condition of stirring, dissolving a certain amount of bismuth nitrate, urea and the product obtained in the step (1) in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and deionized water in sequence;
the adding amount of the bismuth nitrate in the step (2) is 0.485 g;
the adding amount of the urea in the step (2) is 0.6 g;
the product obtained in the step (1) in the step (2) is activated alkali lignin powder, and the addition amount of the alkali lignin powder is 0 g or 0.1 g;
the volume of the ethylene glycol in the step (2) is 20 ml, and the volume of the deionized water is 15 ml.
(3) Transferring the reaction system obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, reacting for a period of time at a certain temperature, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, centrifugally separating, and drying to obtain a product precursor;
the reaction conditions in the step (3) are as follows: the reaction is carried out for 12 h at 120 ℃.
(4) And (4) transferring the product precursor obtained in the step (3) into a magnetic boat, placing the magnetic boat in a tube furnace for calcination, and calcining at a certain temperature for a period of time to obtain a product.
The calcining conditions in the step (4) are as follows: calcining at 450 ℃ for 2 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a solvothermal method, takes bismuth nitrate and alkali lignin as raw materials to synthesize a product precursor, and calcines the product precursor to obtain a novel composite material LC/Bi2O3. The method has simple and effective preparation process, low reagent consumption and high yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a composite LC/Bi2O3X-ray powder diffractogram of;
FIG. 2 shows a composite LC/Bi2O3The Fourier transform infrared spectrogram of (1);
FIG. 3 shows LC/Bi composite material2O3Cyclic voltammetry test patterns of (a);
FIG. 4 shows a composite LC/Bi2O3Constant current charge-discharge diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are merely illustrative of the process of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
The first embodiment is as follows: LC/Bi of the present embodiment2O3The preparation method of the novel composite material is completed according to the following steps:
(1) activating alkali lignin, using alkali lignin as a carbon source to activate the alkali lignin, dissolving a certain amount of alkali lignin in a sodium hydroxide solution, stirring, adding a certain amount of trimethyl ammonium chloride, raising the temperature, heating and stirring for a period of time, putting the product into a dialysis bag to dialyze until the product is neutral, drying and grinding to obtain quaternary ammonium alkali lignin powder.
The adding amount of the alkali lignin in the step (1) is 10 g;
the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution in the step (1) is 20 percent;
the adding amount of the trimethyl ammonium chloride in the step (1) is 9 g;
the temperature rise temperature in the step (1) is 85 +/-5 ℃.
And (2) heating and stirring for 3-4 h.
(2) Under the condition of stirring, dissolving a certain amount of bismuth nitrate, urea and the product obtained in the step (1) in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and water in sequence;
the adding amount of the bismuth nitrate in the step (2) is 0.485 g;
the adding amount of the urea in the step (2) is 0.6 g;
the product obtained in the step (1) in the step (2) is activated alkali lignin powder, and the addition amount of the alkali lignin powder is 0 g or 0.1 g;
the volume of the ethanol solution in the step (2) is 20 ml, and the volume of the deionized water is 15 ml.
(3) Transferring the reaction system obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, reacting for a period of time at a certain temperature, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, centrifugally separating, and drying to obtain a product precursor;
the reaction conditions in the step (3) are as follows: the reaction is carried out for 12 h at 120 ℃.
(4) And (4) transferring the product precursor obtained in the step (3) into a magnetic boat, placing the magnetic boat in a tube furnace for calcination, and calcining at a certain temperature for a period of time to obtain a product.
The calcining conditions in the step (4) are as follows: calcining at 450 ℃ for 2 h.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the addition amount of the activated alkali lignin powder in the step (2) is 0 g, and other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first specific embodiment;
the third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the adding amount of the activated alkali lignin powder in the step (2) is 0.1g, and other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second specific embodiment;
the following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, and the following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and give detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: LC/Bi2O3The preparation method of the novel composite material is completed according to the following steps:
(1) dissolving 10 g of alkali lignin into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20% under the stirring condition, adding 9 g of trimethyl ammonium chloride, raising the temperature to 85 +/-5 ℃, heating and stirring for 3-4 h, putting the product into a dialysis bag, dialyzing until the product is neutral, drying and grinding to obtain activated alkali lignin powder.
(2) And (2) sequentially dissolving 0.485 g of bismuth nitrate, 0.6 g of urea and 0 g and 0.1g of activated alkali lignin powder obtained in the step (1) into a mixed solution of 20 ml of ethylene glycol and 15ml of deionized water under the condition of stirring.
(3) And (3) transferring the reaction system obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction system into an oven, reacting for 12 hours at 120 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, centrifugally separating, and drying to obtain a product precursor.
(4) And (4) transferring the product precursor obtained in the step (3) into a magnetic boat, placing the magnetic boat in a tube furnace for calcination, and calcining at 450 ℃ for 2 h to obtain the required product.
(5) FIG. 1 shows a composite LC/Bi2O3X-ray powder diffraction pattern of (a). In FIG. 1, a is pure Bi2O3B is a composite LC/Bi2O3X-ray powder diffraction pattern of (a). It can be seen from the figure that Bi2O3XRD characteristic diffraction peak and alpha-Bi of2O3(PDF number 41-1449) the peak positions of the standard cards are consistent, which indicates that the crystal form of the bismuth trioxide in the prepared composite material belongs to monoclinic. Bi in the composite material is added along with the addition of the lignin carbon2O3The XRD characteristic diffraction peak of (1) is changed, but the main peak type is not changed, which shows that LC/Bi2O3The composite material has been successfully synthesized, and the addition of the lignin carbon does not change Bi2O3The structure of (1). Furthermore, LC/Bi2O3The composite material did not show a distinct peak of lignocelluloses carbon because of its low content in the composite material and its amorphous structure.
(6) FIG. 2 shows a composite LC/Bi2O3The Fourier transform infrared spectrogram of (1). In FIG. 2, a is an alkali lignin infrared spectrum after activation; b is pure Bi2O3(ii) an infrared spectrum; c is composite material LC/Bi2O3An infrared spectrum of (1). 1535 cm can be seen in the figure-1、1466 cm-1Peaks at (b) respectively correspond to stretching vibrations of C = O, C-OH bond in aromatic ring, 1397 cm-1When the composite material was compared with activated alkali lignin (not carbonized) in accordance with stretching vibration of the C-H bond in the alkyl group, the peaks of functional groups such as C = O, C-OH and C-H in lignin were not observed, indicating that lignin was carbonized. In addition, the infrared curve of the composite material is matched with pure Bi2O3Is similar toPure Bi2O3At 841 cm-1The characteristic peak of Bi-O bond appears at the position, and 841 cm exists in the infrared curve of the composite material-1Peak at (b) indicates LC/Bi2O3Composite materials have been successfully made.
(7) FIG. 3 shows LC/Bi composite material2O3Cyclic voltammetry test plots at 0.1V · s-1 sweep rate. In FIG. 3, a is pure Bi2O3Cyclic voltammetry test curves of (a); b is composite material LC/Bi2O3Cyclic voltammetry test curve of (a). LC/Bi2O3The cyclic voltammetry curve of the composite material shows obvious oxidation reduction peaks, which are characteristic of a pseudo-capacitance capacitor, and the capacitor formed by the composite material is a pseudo-capacitance capacitor. The peak protruding upward is an oxidation peak, an oxidation reaction occurs, which is an oxygen evolution reaction, and the peak protruding downward is a reduction peak, which occurs a reduction reaction. In addition, since the area surrounded by the cyclic voltammogram is the specific capacitance of the material, it can be seen from the figure that LC/Bi2O3Bi contained in the composite material and having a specific capacitance higher than that of pure Bi2O3Large, indicating that the presence of lignin carbon increases Bi2O3The electrochemical performance of (2).
(8) FIG. 3 shows LC/Bi composite material2O3At 0.1 A.g-1Constant current charge and discharge test pattern. In FIG. 3, a is pure Bi2O3Constant current charging and discharging curve of (1); b is composite material LC/Bi2O3Constant current charging and discharging curve. From the figure, it can be seen that the composite material LC/Bi2O3And pure Bi2O3The charging and discharging curves show obvious charging and discharging platforms, which indicate that redox reaction occurs in the charging and discharging process, and the result is consistent with the test result of cyclic voltammetry in fig. 3. In addition, the composite material LC/Bi can be obtained through calculation2O3Specific capacitance of 94 F.kg-1Is pure Bi2O31.3 times of the total weight of the powder.
Claims (5)
1. Lignin carbon/bismuth oxide (LC/Bi)2O3) A process for the preparation of a novel composite material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) activating alkali lignin, namely activating the alkali lignin by taking the alkali lignin as a carbon source, dissolving a certain amount of alkali lignin in a sodium hydroxide solution under the stirring condition, adding a certain amount of trimethyl ammonium chloride, raising the temperature, heating and stirring for a period of time, putting the product into a dialysis bag for dialysis until the product is neutral, drying and grinding to obtain activated alkali lignin powder;
(2) under the condition of stirring, dissolving a certain amount of bismuth nitrate, urea and the product obtained in the step (1) in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and deionized water in sequence;
(3) transferring the reaction system obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, reacting for a period of time at a certain temperature, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, centrifugally separating, and drying to obtain a product precursor;
(4) and (4) transferring the product precursor obtained in the step (3) into a magnetic boat, placing the magnetic boat in a tube furnace for calcination, and calcining at a certain temperature for a period of time to obtain a product.
2. An LC/Bi according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the new material is characterized in that: the adding amount of the alkali lignin in the step (1) is 10 g; the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20 percent; the adding amount of trimethyl ammonium chloride is 9 g; the temperature is 85 +/-5 ℃; the heating and stirring time is 3-4 h.
3. An LC/Bi according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the new material is characterized in that: the adding amount of the bismuth nitrate in the step (2) is 0.485 g; the adding amount of the urea is 0.6 g; the addition amount of the activated alkali lignin powder is 0 g and 0.1 g; the volume of the ethanol solution is 20 ml; the volume of the deionized water is 15 ml; the reaction temperature is 120 ℃; the reaction time was 12 h.
4. An LC/Bi according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the new material is characterized in that: the calcining temperature in the step (4) is 450 ℃; the calcination time was 2 h.
5. An LC/Bi according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the new material is used for preparing the composite material and testing the electrochemical performance of the composite material, and comprises cyclic voltammetry testing and constant current charge and discharge testing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113277554A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-20 | 厦门理工学院 | Bismuth oxide/titanium carbide composite material and preparation method thereof |
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