Double-layer feeding anti-deviation derrick of profile production line
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unwinding of strip materials, in particular to a double-layer feeding anti-deviation derrick of a section bar production line.
Background
The long materials are seen everywhere in life, such as wool tops, cloth strips and the like, and are wound on the metal wire coil after being produced, and when the long materials are used, one or two of the long materials are usually used in a mixed mode, so that the metal wire coil needs to be unwound.
When the existing multi-roll metal wire coil is simultaneously unreeled, the upper part, the lower part, the left part and the right part of the metal wire coil are both simple devices or even no limiting devices, the unreeling quality is influenced, when a specific occasion is met, the processing occasion needing accurate alignment is often not played by the simple devices, the lower process needing adjusting frequency is needed for adjusting the unreeling alignment, the effect is not large, the surface of a product is easily scratched by the simple devices, the appearance is influenced, and great manpower and material resources are consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a double-layer feeding anti-deviation derrick for a section bar production line, which solves the problem that when a plurality of existing metal coils are simultaneously unreeled, the unreeling quality is affected because the upper limit, the lower limit, the left limit and the right limit are simple devices or even no limit devices, the simple devices often have no positive effect on processing occasions requiring accurate alignment in specific occasions, the adjustment frequency is high and the effect is not large in order to adjust the next unreeling alignment process, the surfaces of products are easily scratched by the simple devices, the appearance is affected, and great manpower and material resources are consumed.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a double-layer feeding anti-deviation derrick of a profile production line comprises a first double-layer derrick, a second double-layer derrick, a first single-layer derrick, a second single-layer derrick, a first material and a second material, wherein the first double-layer derrick and the second double-layer derrick are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure;
the vertically-arranged limiting assembly comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, wherein a first sliding groove is formed in the top of the top plate, sliding rods are connected to two sides of the inner wall of the first sliding groove in a sliding manner, the outer surfaces of the two sliding rods are connected with an extrusion roller in a rotating manner, a second sliding groove is formed in the top of the bottom plate, the bottom end of each sliding rod is connected with the inner surface of the corresponding second sliding groove in a sliding manner, an adjusting box is fixedly connected to the top of the top plate, an installing sleeve penetrates through the top of the adjusting box, an adjusting rod is movably connected to the inner surface of the installing sleeve, a rotating rod is connected to the top of the inner cavity of the adjusting box in a rotating manner, a limiting groove is formed in the top end of the rotating rod, a stop block is fixedly connected to two sides of the surface of the adjusting rod, the outer surface of the stop block is matched with the inner, the adjustable rack box is characterized in that adjusting racks are connected to the inner surfaces of the two rack sleeves in a sliding mode, the outer surfaces of the adjusting racks are meshed with the outer surface of the adjusting gear, supporting plates are fixedly connected to the two sides of the inner wall of the adjusting box and located below the rack sleeves, each supporting plate is an L-shaped component, sliding plates are connected to the left side and the right side between the tops of the supporting plates in a sliding mode, connecting strips are fixedly connected to the tops of the sliding plates, the bottom ends of the connecting strips penetrate through the rack sleeves and extend to the insides of the rack sleeves, the tops of the connecting strips are fixedly connected with the bottoms of the adjusting racks, and the top ends of the sliding rods are fixedly connected with the bottoms of.
As a further scheme of the invention: the outer fixed surface of adjusting the pole is connected with holds up the pole, the piece is twisted to the top fixedly connected with of adjusting the pole, holds up the pole and twists the piece through the setting, and the convenience is mentioned the regulation pole and is rotated it.
As a further scheme of the invention: the transverse limiting assembly comprises two side plates, wherein stroke grooves are formed in the opposite sides of the two side plates, a pressure rod is connected between the inner surfaces of the two stroke grooves in a sliding manner, a compression roller is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pressure rod, a limiting box is fixedly connected to the opposite far side of the two side plates, an adjusting handle is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting box, a bidirectional threaded rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting handle, the bottom end of the bidirectional threaded rod penetrates through the limiting box and extends into the limiting box, a rotating sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the limiting box, the inner surface of the rotating sleeve is rotatably connected with the outer surface of the bidirectional threaded rod, connecting blocks are arranged above and below the outer surface of the bidirectional threaded rod, threaded holes are formed in the connecting blocks, and the inner surfaces of the threaded holes, one side of the connecting block is fixedly connected with one end of the pressure lever.
As a further scheme of the invention: spacing spout has all been seted up to the both sides of spacing box, the internal surface sliding connection of spacing spout has the gag lever post, the one end of gag lever post and one side fixed connection of connecting block to the other end fixedly connected with baffle of gag lever post can prevent through setting up gag lever post and spacing spout that the connecting block from rotating, thereby makes the connecting block only upwards or downstream at the surface of two-way threaded rod.
As a further scheme of the invention: the first material sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the first double-layer well-shaped frame, the upper portion of the second double-layer well-shaped frame, the first single-layer well-shaped frame and the second single-layer well-shaped frame, penetrates through the vertically-arranged limiting assembly and the horizontally-arranged limiting assembly which are arranged above the first double-layer well-shaped frame and penetrates through the horizontally-arranged limiting assembly and the vertically-arranged limiting assembly which are arranged on the second double-layer well-shaped frame.
As a further scheme of the invention: the second material sequentially penetrates through the lower portion of the first double-layer well-shaped frame, the lower portion of the second double-layer well-shaped frame, the first single-layer well-shaped frame and the second single-layer well-shaped frame, the second material is in contact with a single-press roller below the second material, penetrates through the transverse limiting assembly and the vertical limiting assembly below the first double-layer well-shaped frame, penetrates through the vertical limiting assembly and the transverse limiting assembly below the second double-layer well-shaped frame, is in contact with a single-press roller of the second double-layer well-shaped frame, and then penetrates through the transverse limiting assembly and the vertical limiting assembly in the first single-layer well-shaped frame and the second single-layer well-shaped frame together with the first material.
As a further scheme of the invention: the double-layer vertical frame is characterized in that a single-pressing roller is arranged below the inner portions of the first double-layer vertical frame and the second double-layer vertical frame, a single-pressing rod is connected to the inner surface of the single-pressing roller in a rotating mode, pressing nuts are connected to the two ends of the single-pressing rod in a threaded mode, and grooves corresponding to the outer surface of the single-pressing rod are formed in the first double-layer vertical frame and the second double-layer vertical frame and used for adjusting the height of the single-pressing roller.
As a further scheme of the invention: the use method of the double-layer feeding offset-simulating derrick comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a first material sequentially passes through a vertical limiting assembly and a horizontal limiting assembly on a first double-layer well-shaped frame, then passes through a horizontal limiting assembly and a vertical limiting assembly on a second double-layer well-shaped frame, then a second material passes through the lower portions of the first double-layer well-shaped frame and the second double-layer well-shaped frame, the first material and the second material together pass through the horizontal limiting assembly and the vertical limiting assembly in the first single-layer well-shaped frame, and finally pass through the vertical limiting assembly and the horizontal limiting assembly in the second single-layer well-shaped frame;
step two: at the moment, the twisting block is held by a hand, the adjusting rod is pulled upwards, so that the stop block on the adjusting rod is matched with the inner surface of the limiting groove, then the adjusting rod is rotated, the rotating rod is moved to rotate, the adjusting gear is further rotated, the two adjusting racks slide on the inner surface of the rack sleeve towards the side which is relatively close to the inner surface of the rack sleeve through the meshing relation of the adjusting gear and the adjusting racks, and the sliding plate slides on the top of the supporting plate under the driving of the connecting strip, so that the two extrusion rollers clamp two materials;
step three: the adjusting handle is rotated to drive the bidirectional threaded rod to rotate in the rotating sleeve, the two connecting blocks move towards one side which is relatively close to each other through the connection relation between the threaded holes and the bidirectional threaded rod, meanwhile, the limiting rod slides on the inner surface of the limiting sliding groove, and further, the pressing rod slides on the inner surface of the stroke groove, so that the two pressing rollers move towards one side which is relatively close to each other until the two materials are pressed tightly;
step four: and at the moment, the compression nut is unscrewed through a wrench, so that the single compression roller on the single compression rod is contacted with the outer surface of the second material, and then the compression nut is rotated reversely to fix the single compression rod.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the invention, the vertically-arranged limiting component comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, a first sliding groove is formed in the top of the top plate, sliding rods are slidably connected to two sides of the inner wall of the first sliding groove, the outer surfaces of the two sliding rods are rotatably connected with an extrusion roller, a second sliding groove is formed in the top of the bottom plate, the bottom end of each sliding rod is slidably connected with the inner surface of the second sliding groove, an adjusting box is fixedly connected to the top of the top plate, a mounting sleeve penetrates through the top of the adjusting box, an adjusting rod is movably connected to the inner surface of the mounting sleeve, a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the top of the inner cavity of the adjusting box, a limiting groove is formed in the top end of the rotating rod, stop blocks are fixedly connected to two sides of the surface of the adjusting rod, the outer surfaces of the stop blocks are matched with the inner surfaces of the limiting grooves, an adjusting gear is, the outer surface of the adjusting rack is meshed with the outer surface of the adjusting gear, supporting plates are fixedly connected to the two sides of the inner wall of the adjusting box and are positioned below the rack sleeve, each supporting plate is an L-shaped component, sliding plates are slidably connected to the left side and the right side between the tops of the two supporting plates, connecting strips are fixedly connected to the tops of the two sliding plates, the bottom ends of the connecting strips penetrate through the rack sleeve and extend into the rack sleeve, the tops of the connecting strips are fixedly connected with the bottom of the adjusting rack, the top ends of the sliding rods are fixedly connected with the bottom of the sliding plates, the adjusting box is arranged on the top plate, the adjusting gear can be driven to rotate by utilizing the matching relation between the adjusting rods and the rotating rod, the two sliding rods can slide in the first sliding groove and the second sliding groove by matching with the sliding plates on the adjusting rack and the connecting strips, so that the distance between the, thereby press from both sides the material tightly, this structural operation is comparatively simple, can effectual saving manpower and material resources, can not cause the damage to the material simultaneously.
(2) In the invention, the transverse limiting component comprises two side plates, wherein stroke grooves are formed in the opposite sides of the two side plates, a pressure rod is connected between the inner surfaces of the two stroke grooves in a sliding manner, a compression roller is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pressure rod, a limiting box is fixedly connected to the opposite far side of the two side plates, an adjusting handle is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting box, a bidirectional threaded rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjusting handle, the bottom end of the bidirectional threaded rod penetrates through the limiting box and extends into the limiting box, a rotating sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the limiting box, the inner surface of the rotating sleeve is rotatably connected with the outer surface of the bidirectional threaded rod, connecting blocks are arranged above and below the outer surface of the bidirectional threaded rod, a threaded hole is formed in the connecting block, the inner surface, through being connected with the connecting block respectively with the both ends of depression bar, utilize the regulation handle to rotate two-way threaded rod, can make two compression rollers move to the one side that is close to relatively to compress tightly the material, the same degree that can adjust two compression rollers and compress tightly the material, and adjust comparatively simply.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of a second single-deck derrick of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the conditioning case of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view showing the inner structure of a rotating lever according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional top view showing a part of the structure of the regulating box of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the internal structure of a rotating lever according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the inner structure of the position limiting box of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a side view of the external structure of the second double-layered derrick of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first double-layer derrick; 2. a second double-layer derrick; 3. a first single-layer derrick; 4. a second single-layer derrick; 5. a first material; 6. a second material; 7. a vertical position limiting component; 71. a top plate; 72. a base plate; 73. a first sliding groove; 74. a slide bar; 75. a squeeze roll; 76. an adjustment box; 77. installing a sleeve; 78. adjusting a rod; 79. rotating the rod; 710. a limiting groove; 711. a stopper; 712. an adjusting gear; 713. a rack sleeve; 714. adjusting the rack; 715. a support plate; 716. a sliding plate; 717. a connecting strip; 718. a support rod; 719. twisting the block; 8. a transverse limiting component; 81. a side plate; 82. a stroke slot; 83. a pressure lever; 84. a compression roller; 85. a limiting box; 86. adjusting the handle; 87. a bidirectional threaded rod; 88. rotating the sleeve; 89. connecting blocks; 810. a threaded hole; 811. a limiting chute; 812. a limiting rod; 813. a baffle plate; 9. a single press roll; 10. a single compression bar; 11. and (5) pressing the nut.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-8, a double-layer feeding anti-deviation derrick of a profile production line includes a first double-layer derrick 1, a second double-layer derrick 2, a first single-layer derrick 3, a second single-layer derrick 4, a first material 5 and a second material 6, wherein the first double-layer derrick 1 and the second double-layer derrick 2 are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure, the first single-layer derrick 3 and the second single-layer derrick 4 are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure, vertical limiting assemblies 7 and horizontal limiting assemblies 8 are arranged inside the second double-layer derrick 2 and the second single-layer derrick 4, and two groups of vertical limiting assemblies 7 and two groups of horizontal limiting assemblies 8 are respectively arranged in the first double-layer derrick 1 and the second double-layer derrick 2;
the vertically-arranged limiting component 7 comprises a top plate 71 and a bottom plate 72, wherein a first sliding groove 73 is formed in the top of the top plate 71, sliding rods 74 are connected to two sides of the inner wall of the first sliding groove 73 in a sliding manner, extrusion rollers 75 are connected to the outer surfaces of the two sliding rods 74 in a rotating manner, a second sliding groove is formed in the top of the bottom plate 72, the bottom end of each sliding rod 74 is connected with the inner surface of the second sliding groove in a sliding manner, an adjusting box 76 is fixedly connected to the top of the top plate 71, a mounting sleeve 77 penetrates through the top of the adjusting box 76, an adjusting rod 78 is movably connected to the inner surface of the mounting sleeve 77, a rotating rod 79 is rotatably connected to the top of the inner cavity of the adjusting box 76, a limiting groove 710 is formed in the top end of the rotating rod 79, stop blocks 711 are fixedly connected to two sides of the surface of the adjusting rod, an adjusting gear 712 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod 79, rack sleeves 713 are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the adjusting box 76, adjusting racks 714 are slidably connected to the inner surfaces of the two rack sleeves 713, the outer surface of the adjusting rack 714 is engaged with the outer surface of the adjusting gear 712, supporting plates 715 are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the adjusting box 76 below the rack sleeves 713, each supporting plate 715 is an L-shaped member, sliding plates 716 are slidably connected to both left and right sides between the tops of the two supporting plates 715, connecting strips 717 are fixedly connected to the tops of the two sliding plates 716, the bottom ends of the connecting strips 717 penetrate through the rack sleeves 713 and extend into the rack sleeves 713, the tops of the connecting strips 717 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the adjusting racks 714, and the top ends of the sliding rods 74 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the sliding plates 716, through set up regulation box 76 on roof 71, utilize the cooperation relation of adjusting pole 78 and dwang 79, can drive adjusting gear 712 and rotate, sliding plate 716 on cooperation regulation rack 714 and the connecting strip 717 can make two slide bars 74 slide in the inside of first sliding tray 73 and second sliding tray, thereby can adjust the distance between two squeeze rolls 75, thereby press from both sides the material tightly, this structural operation is comparatively simple, can effectually practice thrift manpower and material resources, can not cause the damage to the material simultaneously.
In the invention, the outer surface of the adjusting rod 78 is fixedly connected with a holding rod 718, the top end of the adjusting rod 78 is fixedly connected with a screwing block 719, and the adjusting rod 78 can be conveniently lifted and rotated by arranging the holding rod 718 and the screwing block 719.
In the invention, the transverse limiting assembly 8 comprises two side plates 81, the top plate 71 in the vertical limiting assembly 7 is positioned at the tops of the two side plates 81, the opposite sides of the two side plates 81 are respectively provided with a stroke groove 82, a pressure rod 83 is connected between the inner surfaces of the two stroke grooves 82 in a sliding manner, the outer surface of the pressure rod 83 is fixedly connected with a pressure roller 84, the opposite sides of the two side plates 81 away from each other are respectively fixedly connected with a limiting box 85, the top of the limiting box 85 is fixedly connected with an adjusting handle 86, the bottom end of the adjusting handle 86 is fixedly connected with a bidirectional threaded rod 87, the bottom end of the bidirectional threaded rod 87 penetrates through the limiting box 85 and extends into the limiting box 85, the bottom of the inner cavity of the limiting box 85 is fixedly connected with a rotating sleeve 88, the inner surface of the rotating sleeve 88 is rotatably connected with the outer surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 87, and connecting blocks, threaded hole 810 is seted up to the inside of connecting block 89, the internal surface of threaded hole 810 and the surface threaded connection of two-way threaded rod 87, one side of connecting block 89 and the one end fixed connection of depression bar 83, through being connected depression bar 83's both ends respectively with connecting block 89, utilize regulation handle 86 to rotate two-way threaded rod 87, can make two compression rollers 84 move to the one side that is close to relatively to compress tightly the material, the same degree that can adjust two compression rollers 84 and compress tightly the material, and it is comparatively simple to adjust.
In the invention, the two sides of the limiting box 85 are both provided with limiting sliding grooves 811, the inner surface of each limiting sliding groove 811 is connected with a limiting rod 812 in a sliding manner, one end of each limiting rod 812 is fixedly connected with one side of the connecting block 89, the other end of each limiting rod 812 is fixedly connected with a baffle 813, and the connecting block 89 can be prevented from rotating by arranging the limiting rods 812 and the limiting sliding grooves 811, so that the connecting block 89 only moves upwards or downwards on the outer surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 87.
In the invention, the first material 5 sequentially penetrates through the upper part of the first double-layer well-shaped frame 1, the upper part of the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2, the first single-layer well-shaped frame 3 and the second single-layer well-shaped frame 4, and the first material 5 penetrates through the vertical limiting assembly 7 and the horizontal limiting assembly 8 which are arranged on the upper part of the first double-layer well-shaped frame 1 and penetrates through the horizontal limiting assembly 8 and the vertical limiting assembly 7 which are arranged on the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2.
According to the invention, the second material 6 sequentially penetrates through the lower part of the first double-layer well-shaped frame 1, the lower part of the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2, the first single-layer well-shaped frame 3 and the second single-layer well-shaped frame 4, the second material 6 is in contact with a single-press roller 9 below the second double-layer well-shaped frame, penetrates through a transverse limiting assembly 8 and a vertical limiting assembly 7 below the first double-layer well-shaped frame 1, then penetrates through the vertical limiting assembly 7 and the transverse limiting assembly 8 below the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2, is in contact with the single-press roller 9 of the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2, and then sequentially penetrates through the transverse limiting assembly 8 and the vertical limiting assembly 7 in the first single-layer well-shaped frame 3 and the vertical limiting assembly 7 and the transverse limiting assembly 8 in the second single-layer well-shaped frame 4 with the first material 5.
According to the invention, a single-pressing roller 9 is arranged below the inner parts of the first double-layer well-shaped frame 1 and the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2, the inner surface of the single-pressing roller 9 is rotatably connected with a single-pressing rod 10, two ends of the single-pressing rod 10 are both in threaded connection with a compression nut 11, and grooves corresponding to the outer surface of the single-pressing rod 10 are both formed in the first double-layer well-shaped frame 1 and the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2 and used for adjusting the height of the single-pressing roller 9.
The use method of the double-layer feeding offset-simulating derrick comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a first material 5 sequentially passes through a vertical limiting component 7 and a horizontal limiting component 8 on a first double-layer well-shaped frame 1, then passes through a horizontal limiting component 8 and a vertical limiting component 7 on a second double-layer well-shaped frame 2, then a second material 6 passes through the lower parts of the first double-layer well-shaped frame 1 and the second double-layer well-shaped frame 2, and the first material 5 and the second material 6 together pass through the horizontal limiting component 8 and the vertical limiting component 7 in a first single-layer well-shaped frame 3 and finally pass through the vertical limiting component 7 and the horizontal limiting component 8 in a second single-layer well-shaped frame 4;
step two: at this time, the screwing block 719 is held by a hand, the adjusting rod 78 is pulled upwards, so that the stop block 711 on the adjusting rod 78 is matched with the inner surface of the limiting groove 710, then the adjusting rod 78 is rotated, the rotating rod 79 is adjusted to rotate, the adjusting gear 712 is further rotated, the two adjusting racks 714 slide on the inner surface of the rack sleeve 713 towards the relatively close side through the meshing relationship between the adjusting gear 712 and the adjusting racks 714, the sliding plate 716 slides on the top of the supporting plate 715 under the driving of the connecting strip 717, and the two extrusion rollers 75 clamp the two materials;
step three: the adjusting handle 86 is rotated to drive the bidirectional threaded rod 87 to rotate in the rotating sleeve 88, and through the connection relationship between the threaded hole 810 and the bidirectional threaded rod 87, the two connecting blocks 89 move towards the relatively close side, meanwhile, the limiting rod 812 slides on the inner surface of the limiting sliding groove 811, and further the pressing rod 83 slides on the inner surface of the travel groove 82, so that the two pressing rollers 84 move towards the relatively close side until the two materials are pressed tightly;
step four: and at the moment, the compression nut 11 is unscrewed through a spanner, so that the single compression roller 9 on the single compression bar 10 is in contact with the outer surface of the second material 6, and then the compression nut 11 is rotated reversely to fix the single compression bar 10.
In summary, the adjusting box 76 is disposed on the top plate 71, the adjusting gear 712 can be driven to rotate by the matching relationship between the adjusting rod 78 and the rotating rod 79, the adjusting rack 714 and the sliding plate 716 on the connecting strip 717 can enable the two sliding rods 74 to slide in the first sliding groove 73 and the second sliding groove, so as to adjust the distance between the two squeezing rollers 75, so as to clamp the material, meanwhile, the two ends of the pressing rod 83 are respectively connected with the connecting block 89, the two pressing rollers 84 can be moved to the relatively close side by rotating the bidirectional threaded rod 87 by the adjusting handle 86, so as to compress the material, the degree of compressing the material by the two pressing rollers 84 can be adjusted, and the adjustment is simple, so that the invention solves the accurate alignment conveying when two coils are unreeled or two strips are conveyed simultaneously, meanwhile, the surface of the material is prevented from being scraped, the equipment can realize up-down left-right limiting and accurate alignment, is simple to process and convenient to adjust, adopts rolling conveying, does not influence the appearance, and greatly saves the processing cost and manpower.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.