CN112475610A

CN112475610A - Spherical surface laser micromachining device and method for joint bearing

Info

Publication number: CN112475610A
Application number: CN202011329014.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 平国峰; 华希俊; 李春晓; 朱伟; 陈亚林; 徐金峰
Original assignee: Jiangsu Ccvi Bearing Co ltd; Jiangsu University
Current assignee: Jiangsu Ccvi Bearing Co ltd; Jiangsu University
Priority date: 2020-11-24
Filing date: 2020-11-24
Publication date: 2021-03-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-24
Also published as: CN112475610B

Abstract

The invention provides a spherical laser micromachining device and method for a joint bearing, wherein the micromachining device comprises the following components: (1) a clamp mechanism: the device comprises two push rods and a sliding table, and is used for fixing a spherical workpiece; (2) a clamping mechanism: the synchronous movement of the two push rods is realized by the matching of the bevel gears; (3) a rotating mechanism: the laser processing device comprises two servo motors, wherein the postures of workpieces in the laser processing process are adjusted, and the workpieces are enabled to rotate around a spherical center double shaft; (4) the laser emission mechanism: the laser comprises a servo motor, an upright post and a laser capable of moving up and down, and is used for laser focusing. The workpiece is clamped by the clamp mechanism, the two push rods synchronously move towards the central point to realize centering and clamping of the workpiece, the posture adjustment of the spherical workpiece is completed under the matching of the two servo motors of the rotating mechanism, and the position of the laser focus is dynamically adjusted to perform spherical micromachining. The four-axis spherical surface machining device is simple in structure and high in adaptability, and solves the problem that a common four-axis machine tool cannot perform spherical surface machining.

Description

Spherical surface laser micromachining device and method for joint bearing

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of precision machining equipment, and particularly relates to a spherical surface laser micromachining device and method for a joint bearing.

Background

The machining of three-dimensional curved surfaces such as spherical surfaces of joint bearings is usually completed by five-axis equipment, special clamps are required to be designed for different workpieces, and if the rotation center of the equipment during machining is not located at the center of the workpiece, four-axis linkage operation is required, so that the control difficulty is increased. If a four-axis device (three moving axes and one rotating axis) is used to process the spherical microtexture, the processed surface is not perpendicular to the laser beam, thereby affecting the processing effect.

Chinese patent (CN201610495238.5) discloses an aviation joint bearing with a micro-texture and a manufacturing method thereof, relating to a processing method of the micro-texture of the joint bearing, which must carry out two steps: rolling the outer surface of the inner ring and the inner surface of the outer ring of the joint bearing by adopting an ultrasonic rolling tool with a smooth surface to reduce the surface roughness, and rolling the outer surface of the inner ring and the inner surface of the outer ring of the joint bearing by adopting an ultrasonic rolling tool with micro-protrusions to realize the formation of surface micro-textures; the processing steps are complex, and the appearance and the precision of the processed micro-texture are limited by the appearance and the distribution of the convex bodies on the surface of the rolling tool.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the spherical laser micromachining device and method for the joint bearing, the machining process is easy to control, and the machining effect is improved.

The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.

A spherical laser micromachining device for a joint bearing comprises a workbench, a rotating mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a clamp mechanism, a laser emitting mechanism and a control system;

the rotary mechanism comprises a first rotary mechanism and a second rotary mechanism, the first rotary mechanism comprises a first servo motor and a worm reducer which are fixed on the workbench, the first servo motor is connected with the input end of the worm reducer through a coupler B, and the output end of the worm reducer is connected with the mounting panel of the clamping mechanism; the second rotating mechanism comprises a second servo motor fixed on the workbench, and the second servo motor is connected with a push rod A of the clamp mechanism through a coupler A;

the clamping mechanism comprises two first ball screws and a third servo motor fixed on the mounting panel, a bevel gear is mounted at the tail end of an output shaft of the third servo motor, and the bevel gear is meshed with the bevel gears at the tail ends of the two first ball screws to drive the sliding table A and the sliding table B to move relatively; the two first ball screws are arranged on the mounting panel;

the clamp mechanism comprises a push rod A, a push rod B, a sliding table A and a sliding table B, wherein the push rod A is fixed on the sliding table A through a bearing, and the push rod B is fixed on the sliding table B through a bearing; the sliding table B and the sliding table A can slide along the mounting panel, and the back parts of the sliding table B and the sliding table A are respectively matched with the two first ball screws;

the first servo motor, the second servo motor, the third servo motor and the laser emission mechanism are all controlled by a control system.

Preferably, the laser emission mechanism is arranged on the workbench and comprises a fourth servo motor, the fourth servo motor and the laser support form a screw pair through a second ball screw, and the laser support is provided with a laser emission head.

Preferably, the workbench comprises a base and a support leg, and the support leg is fixed at the bottom corner of the base.

Preferably, the installation panel is driven by the first servo motor to swing by +45 degrees to-45 degrees.

Preferably, the laser is a nanosecond laser, the laser wavelength is 1064nm or 532nm, the output power of the laser is 10-100 w, the pulse width is 70-130 ns, and the repetition frequency is 1-100 KHz.

A spherical surface laser micromachining method for a joint bearing comprises the steps of placing a spherical surface workpiece between a push rod A and a push rod B, and controlling a clamping mechanism to enable the two push rods to completely clamp the workpiece; processing parameters are input into the control system, the control system controls the first servo motor and the second servo motor to rotate to adjust the posture of the workpiece, and controls the laser emitting mechanism to emit laser, so that micro processing of the spherical workpiece is realized.

Furthermore, the workpiece clamping is realized by controlling a third servo motor to work by a control system, and two first ball screws are reversely rotated through power transmission between bevel gears, so that the sliding table A and the sliding table B slowly and synchronously move towards the center to realize clamping.

Further, the control system controls the fourth servo motor to adjust the laser focus to the processed surface of the spherical workpiece, so that laser focusing is realized.

Further, the micro-processing specifically comprises: the mounting panel is in a horizontal state in an initial state, the first servo motor drives the mounting panel to rotate anticlockwise for 1/2 bearing spherical center angles, so that laser emitted by the laser emitting mechanism is opposite to the upper left corner point of the bearing, the second servo motor rotates for a circle, the laser carries out a circle of dot matrix processing, and the circle of processing is completed after repeated for multiple times; and the control system controls the first servo motor according to the transverse dot distance to enable the mounting panel to rotate clockwise for a certain angle, so that the second circle of laser dot matrix processing is completed, and the analogy is repeated to complete the processing of the whole spherical surface.

Further, the laser and the two rotation axes of the rotating mechanism are perpendicular and intersect at the center of the spherical workpiece.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the invention, the two rotation axes of the rotating mechanism are mutually perpendicular to the laser beam line and intersect at the spherical center of the spherical workpiece, so that the problem of multi-axis linkage in the machining process caused by the fact that the spherical center of the spherical workpiece is not at the rotation center when a common machine tool is used for machining by using a clamp is solved, and the control difficulty is reduced.

(2) According to the invention, the bevel gear driven by the third servo motor is meshed with the bevel gears at the tail ends of the two ball screws, the ball screws are arranged on the control panel, and the ball screws and the push rods arranged on the sliding table are matched to act, so that the two push rods can synchronously move towards the center when the third servo motor works, and the problem of workpiece misalignment caused by the design of a clamp is reduced.

(3) The processing method can complete the whole laser micromachining process only by once clamping in the laser processing process, thereby effectively reducing the accumulated error caused by multiple clamping.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a spherical laser micro-machining apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the spherical laser micro machining apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a spherical laser micro-machining apparatus A-A according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view of the spherical laser micro-machining apparatus of the present invention in the direction B;

in the figure: 101. a support leg; 102. m8 hexagon socket head cap screw; 103. a base; 104. m12 hexagon socket head cap screw; 105. a first M5 hexagon socket head cap screw; 201. a push rod A; 202. a push rod B; 203. a sliding table A; 204. a sliding table B; 207. a bearing seat cover plate A; 208. a bearing seat cover plate B; 209. a first corner contact bearing; 210. a second angular contact bearing; 211. a bearing seat A; 212. a bearing seat B; 301. an optical axis; 302. a light axis seat; 303. a bearing seat C; 304. a third corner contact bearing; 305. a first ball screw; 306. a bevel gear; 307. installing a panel; 308. a third servo motor fixing plate; 309. servo motor pressing plate; 310. a third servo motor; 401. a second servo motor; 402. a second servo motor fixing plate; 403. a coupler A; 404. m4 hexagon socket head cap screw; 405. a coupler B; 406. a first servo motor fixing plate; 407. a first servo motor; 408. a worm reducer; 409. a flange plate; 501. a column; 502. a laser holder; 503. a second ball screw; 504. a coupler C; 505. and a fourth servo motor.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the positional or orientational relationships indicated in the drawings to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be considered as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the spherical laser micromachining device for the joint bearing comprises a workbench, a rotating mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a clamp mechanism, a laser emission mechanism and a control system.

The workbench comprises a base 103 and supporting legs 101, wherein the supporting legs 101 are respectively arranged at four bottom corners of the base 103, and the supporting legs 101 are fixed at the bottom corners of the base 103 through M8 hexagon socket head cap bolts 102.

The rotating mechanism comprises a first rotating mechanism and a second rotating mechanism, the first rotating mechanism comprises a first servo motor 407, a first servo motor fixing plate 406, a coupler B405, a worm reducer 408 and a flange 409, the first servo motor 407 is mounted on the base 103 through the first servo motor fixing plate 406 and an M5 hexagon socket head cap screw 105, the worm reducer 408 is fixed on the base 103 through an M12 hexagon socket cap screw, the first servo motor 407 is connected with the input end of the worm reducer 408 through the coupler B405, and the output end of the worm reducer 408 is connected with the mounting panel 307 of the clamping mechanism through the flange 409; the second rotary mechanism comprises a second servo motor 401, a coupler A403 and a second servo motor fixing plate 402, the second servo motor 401 is fixed on a sliding table A203 of the clamp mechanism through the second servo motor fixing plate 402 and an M4 hexagon socket head cap screw 404, the second servo motor 401 is connected with a push rod A201 of the clamp mechanism through the coupler A403, and the push rod A201 is further fixed on the sliding table A203 through a bearing.

The clamping mechanism comprises a bearing seat C303, a third contact bearing 304, two first ball screws 305, two bevel gears 306, an installation panel 307, a third servo motor fixing plate 308, a servo motor pressing plate 309 and a third servo motor 310, wherein the third servo motor 310 is fixed on the installation panel 307 through the servo motor pressing plate 309 and the third servo motor fixing plate 308, the tail end of an output shaft of the third servo motor 310 is provided with the bevel gears (not shown in the figure), the bevel gears are meshed with the two bevel gears 306 at the tail ends of the two first ball screws 305, the first ball screws 305 are fixed on the installation panel 307 through the bearing seat C303, and the third contact bearing 304 is matched in the bearing seat C303.

The clamp mechanism comprises a push rod A201, a push rod B202, a sliding table A203, a sliding table B204, a bearing seat cover plate A207, a bearing seat cover plate B208, a first angular contact bearing 209, a second angular contact bearing 210, a bearing seat A211 and a bearing seat B212; the push rod B202 is fixed on the sliding table B204 through a bearing seat A211 and a bearing seat B212, the bearing seat A211 and the bearing seat B212 are respectively matched with a first angular contact bearing 209 and a second angular contact bearing 210, and the first angular contact bearing 209 and the second angular contact bearing 210 are respectively provided with a bearing seat cover plate A207 and a bearing seat cover plate B208, so that dust is prevented from entering the interior of the bearing and affecting the work of the bearing; the sliding tables B204 and a203 slide along the optical axis 301, the optical axis 301 is fixed on the mounting panel 307 through the optical axis base 302, and the backs of the sliding tables B204 and a203 are respectively matched with the first ball screw 305. Push rod a201 and push rod B202 are both tapered rams.

The laser emission mechanism comprises an upright column 501, a laser support 502, a second ball screw 503, a coupler C504 and a fourth servo motor 505, wherein the upright column 501 is fixed on the base 103 through an M12 hexagon socket head cap screw 104, the fourth servo motor 505 is fixed at the upper end of the upright column 501, the fourth servo motor 505 is connected with the second ball screw 503 through the coupler C504, the second ball screw 503 and the laser support 502 form a screw pair, and the laser support 502 moves up and down on the upright column 501 along with the ball screw 503; the laser holder 502 is used for mounting a laser emitting head, and a light beam emitted by the laser emitting head is perpendicular to two rotation axes of the rotating mechanism and intersects with the center of the spherical workpiece.

The mounting panel 307 is in a horizontal state in an initial state, and can swing at +45 ° to-45 ° under the driving of the first servo motor 407.

The laser is a nanosecond laser, preferably, the laser wavelength is 1064nm or 532nm, the output power is 10-100 w, the pulse width is 70-130 ns, and the repetition frequency is 1-100 KHz.

The control system is based on a single chip microcomputer or an industrial personal computer or other controllers, and the actions of the first servo motor 407, the second servo motor 401, the third servo motor 310 and the fourth servo motor 505 are controlled through upper computer software, so that the micro-machining of the spherical workpiece is completed.

A spherical surface laser micromachining method for a joint bearing comprises the steps that a spherical surface workpiece is placed between a push rod A201 and a push rod B202 of a clamp mechanism, and the clamp mechanism is controlled to enable the two push rods to completely clamp the workpiece; processing parameters are input into the control system, the control system controls the two servo motors (the first servo motor 407 and the second servo motor 401) of the rotating mechanism to rotate to adjust the posture of the workpiece, and controls the laser emitting mechanism to emit laser, so that micro-processing of the spherical workpiece is realized.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

clamping: the spherical workpiece is approximately placed between the push rod A201 and the push rod B202, the control system controls the third servo motor 310 to work, and through power transmission between the bevel gears, the two first ball screws 305 rotate in opposite directions, so that the sliding table A203 and the sliding table B204 slowly and synchronously move towards the center until the push rod A201 and the push rod B202 completely clamp the workpiece.

Laser focusing: and (3) turning on the laser indicating light, and controlling a fourth servo motor 505 by the control system to adjust the laser focus to the processed surface of the spherical workpiece.

Inputting parameters: and inputting the number of turns, the circumferential dot pitch, the axial dot pitch, the repetition times, the laser processing power and the frequency on a control system interface to perform laser dot matrix processing.

Processing: in the initial state, the installation panel 307 is in a horizontal state, the first servo motor 407 drives the installation panel 307 to rotate 1/2 counterclockwise about the bearing center angle, so that the laser emitted by the laser emitting mechanism is directly opposite to the upper left corner point of the bearing, the second servo motor 402 rotates for a circle, the laser performs a circle of lattice processing, and the circle of lattice processing is repeated for multiple times (the times are determined by the texture parameters of the bearing surface and are preset in a control system), and the circle of processing is completed; the control system controls the first servo motor 407 according to the axial pitch (the axial pitch is determined by the texture parameters of the bearing surface and is preset in the control system), so that the mounting panel 307 rotates clockwise by a certain angle, the second circle of laser dot matrix processing is completed, and the like is repeated until the processing of the whole spherical surface is completed.

Examples

Taking a radial spherical plain bearing with an inner diameter of 100mm, an outer diameter of 150mm and a width of 70mm as an example, laser micromachining is completed by laser machining a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere.

(1) Clamping fixture

The surface to be processed of the joint bearing is vertically upward and is approximately placed between the push rod A and the push rod B, and the third servo motor 310 is slowly adjusted to enable the sliding table A203 and the sliding table B204 to synchronously move towards the center until the workpiece is completely clamped.

(2) Laser focusing

The laser indicator light is turned on, and the control system controls the fourth servo motor 505 to focus the laser on the surface to be processed.

(3) Parameter input

And inputting the number of turns, the circumferential point distance, the axial point distance and the repetition frequency on a control system interface, and setting the laser wavelength to be 532nm, the output power to be 15w, the pulse width to be 75ns, the laser power to be 15w and the repetition frequency to be 2 KHZ.

(4) Machining

In the initial state, the installation panel 307 is in a horizontal state, the first servo motor 407 drives the installation panel 307 to rotate 1/2 counterclockwise about the bearing center angle, so that the laser emitted by the laser emitting mechanism is directly opposite to the upper left corner point of the bearing, the second servo motor 402 rotates for a circle, the laser performs a circle of lattice processing, and the circle of lattice processing is repeated for multiple times (the times are determined by the texture parameters of the bearing surface and are preset in a control system), and the circle of processing is completed; the control system controls the first servo motor 407 according to the axial pitch (the axial pitch is determined by the texture parameters of the bearing surface and is preset in the control system), so that the mounting panel 307 rotates clockwise by a certain angle, the second circle of laser dot matrix processing is completed, and the like is repeated until the processing of the whole spherical surface is completed.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spherical laser micromachining device for a joint bearing is characterized by comprising a workbench, a rotating mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a clamp mechanism, a laser emission mechanism and a control system;

the rotary mechanism comprises a first rotary mechanism and a second rotary mechanism, the first rotary mechanism comprises a first servo motor (407) and a worm reducer (408) which are fixed on the workbench, the first servo motor (407) is connected with the input end of the worm reducer (408) through a coupler B (405), and the output end of the worm reducer (408) is connected with an installation panel (307) of the clamping mechanism; the second rotating mechanism comprises a second servo motor (401) fixed on the workbench, and the second servo motor (401) is connected with a push rod A (201) of the clamp mechanism through a coupler A (403);

the clamping mechanism comprises two first ball screws (305) and a third servo motor (310) fixed on the mounting panel (307), wherein bevel gears are mounted at the tail ends of output shafts of the third servo motor (310), and are meshed with the bevel gears at the tail ends of the two first ball screws (305) to drive the sliding table A (203) and the sliding table B (204) to move relatively; two first ball screws (305) are arranged on the mounting panel (307);

the clamp mechanism comprises a push rod A (201), a push rod B (202), a sliding table A (203) and a sliding table B (204), the push rod A (201) is fixed on the sliding table A (203) through a bearing, and the push rod B (202) is fixed on the sliding table B (204) through a bearing; the sliding table B (204) and the sliding table A (203) can slide along the installation panel (307), and the back parts of the sliding table B (204) and the sliding table A (203) are respectively matched with the two first ball screws (305);

the first servo motor (407), the second servo motor (401), the third servo motor (310) and the laser emitting mechanism are all controlled by a control system.

2. The spherical laser micromachining device according to claim 1, wherein the laser emitting mechanism is disposed on the worktable, the laser emitting mechanism includes a fourth servo motor (505), the fourth servo motor (505) forms a screw pair with the laser holder (502) through a second ball screw (503), and the laser holder (502) is mounted with a laser emitting head.

3. Laser micro machining device for spherical surfaces of spherical bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that the working table comprises a base (103) and a leg (101), the leg (101) being fixed at the base angle of the base (103).

4. The spherical laser micromachining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mounting panel (307) is driven by a first servo motor (407) to swing by +45 ° to-45 °.

5. The spherical laser micromachining device of the joint bearing according to claim 1, wherein the laser is a nanosecond laser, the laser wavelength is 1064nm or 532nm, the output power of the laser is 10-100 w, the pulse width is 70-130 ns, and the repetition frequency is 1-100 KHz.

6. A processing method of the spherical laser micromachining device for the spherical bearing of the joint bearing according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a spherical workpiece is placed between a push rod A (201) and a push rod B (202), and a clamping mechanism is controlled to enable the two push rods to completely clamp the workpiece; processing parameters are input into the control system, the control system controls the first servo motor (407) and the second servo motor (401) to rotate to adjust the posture of the workpiece, and controls the laser emitting mechanism to emit laser, so that micro-processing of the spherical workpiece is realized.

7. The spherical laser micromachining method of the joint bearing according to claim 6, wherein the workpiece clamping is realized by controlling a third servo motor (310) to work through a control system, and two first ball screws (305) rotate through power transmission between bevel gears, so that the sliding table A (203) and the sliding table B (204) slowly and synchronously move towards the center to realize the clamping.

8. The spherical laser micromachining method for the spherical bearing of claim 6, wherein the laser emitting mechanism emits laser, and the control system controls the fourth servo motor (505) to adjust the laser focus to the machined surface of the spherical workpiece, so as to realize laser focusing.

9. The spherical laser micromachining method of a spherical joint bearing according to claim 6, wherein the micromachining is specifically: the mounting panel (307) is in a horizontal state in an initial state, the first servo motor (407) drives the mounting panel (307) to rotate 1/2 counterclockwise about the bearing center angle, so that laser emitted by the laser emitting mechanism is right opposite to the upper left corner point of the bearing, the second servo motor (402) rotates for a circle, the laser carries out a circle of lattice processing, and the circle of lattice processing is completed after repeated multiple times; and the control system controls the first servo motor (407) according to the transverse dot pitch to enable the mounting panel (307) to rotate clockwise for a certain angle, so that the second circle of laser dot matrix processing is completed, and the like is repeated until the processing of the whole spherical surface is completed.

10. The spherical laser micromachining method of claim 6, wherein the laser is perpendicular to the two rotation axes of the rotation mechanism and intersects the center of the spherical workpiece.