CN112469420A - 减少关节内类固醇的并发症的方法 - Google Patents
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- CN112469420A CN112469420A CN201980045714.5A CN201980045714A CN112469420A CN 112469420 A CN112469420 A CN 112469420A CN 201980045714 A CN201980045714 A CN 201980045714A CN 112469420 A CN112469420 A CN 112469420A
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Abstract
本发明提供治疗关节疼痛的方法,其包括向需要关节疼痛治疗的个体给药有效量的药物组合物,该药物组合物包含:脂质混合物,其包含一种或多种脂质;和有效量的关节内类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐,其中维持关节内类固醇的治疗效力,但减少与关节内类固醇有关的副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过给药药物组合物来治疗关节疼痛和最小化关节内类固醇的副作用的方法,该药物组合物包含:脂质混合物,其包含一种或多种脂质;和有效量的类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐。
发明背景
关节内(IA)类固醇疗法(intra-articular(IA)steroid therapy)已经被使用超过50年,其基本原理是通过局部递送消炎药(anti-inflammatory agent)来减少关节发炎和疼痛。这已被显示在暂时地缓解与骨关节炎(osteoarthritis)以及其他炎性疾病(inflammatory disorders)有关的关节疼痛上是有效的。
在使用IA类固醇疗法之后的数年,医生已在接受IA类固醇的患者中注意到快速进行性退行性关节炎(rapidly progressive degenerative arthritis)。随后的体内和体外研究显示IA类固醇对关节软骨造成进行性损伤(progressive damages),包括蛋白多糖的降解与损失(breakdown and loss of proteoglycans)、关节软骨囊肿(cyst inarticular cartilage)和软骨细胞凋亡(chondrocyte apoptosis)。在所研究的三种类固醇(氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)、曲安西龙(triamcinolone)和地塞米松(dexamethasone))中,地塞米松最强效地诱发软骨细胞凋亡(F.Nakazawa et al,“Corticosteroid treatment induces chondrocyte apoptosis in an experimentalarthritis model and in chondrocyte cultures”Clinical and ExperimentalRheumatology,2002;20:773-781)。
最近的人体研究已进一步显示IA类固醇对关节软骨的有害作用(deleteriouseffect),如类固醇造成显著较大的软骨体积损失和软骨毒性(chondrotoxicity)。由于这个原因,许多医生将类固醇(特别是皮质类固醇(corticosteroids))的使用限制为每年3至4次IA注射至任何给定关节中(P.Wehling et al,“Effectiveness of intra-articulartherapies in osteoarthritis:a literature review”Ther Adv MusculoskeletDis.2017Aug;9(8):183-196)。单次IA类固醇注射的有效性仅持续1至2周。而且,几乎没有观察到IA类固醇注射在注射后效果能够超过4周的证据。因此,将类固醇的使用限制为每年3-4次IA注射会在IA注射之间造成治疗作用的间断,使关节炎的症状恶化。
鉴于上面所概述的缺陷,需要一种IA类固醇疗法以令人满意的治疗效力来治疗关节疼痛但具有减少的副作用,特别是减少软骨和/或软骨细胞损伤。本公开是针对该需求以及其他需求。
发明概述
根据本公开的一个实施方案,提供用于维持关节内类固醇(intra-articularsteroid,IA steroid)的治疗作用,同时减少与IA类固醇有关的副作用的药物组合物。该药物组合物包含(a)脂质混合物,其包含一种或多种脂质;和(b)有效量的IA类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐,其中相比于不含该脂质混合物的药物组合物与该IA类固醇有关的副作用减少。
在另一实施方案中,本公开涉及本文所述的药物组合物用于治疗关节疼痛并且具有减少的与IA类固醇注射有关的副作用的用途,其通过将该药物组合物给药至有此需要的个体来进行,其中,相比于速释或标准类固醇制剂的关节给药之后IA类固醇在个体中所诱发的副作用,前述的与该IA类固醇有关的副作用减少。
还提供具有减少的与关节类固醇注射有关的副作用的治疗关节疼痛的方法,其包括向需要关节疼痛治疗的个体给药有效量的本文所述的药物组合物,其中,相比于速释或标准类固醇制剂的关节给药之后IA类固醇在个体中所诱发的副作用,前述的该IA类固醇所诱发的副作用减少。
附图简述
图1A至图1B是脂质体DSP组合物(liposomal DSP composition)以单剂量IA注射于实验犬中(研究#8351851和#8388198)后的毒物代谢动力学图谱(toxicokineticprofiles);
图2显示用脂质体DSP组合物的单剂量或多剂量治疗实验犬(研究#8351850)和实验兔(研究#8288836)后,其软骨的甲苯胺蓝染色(toluidine blue staining);和
图3显示用脂质体DSP组合物(TLC599)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)、曲安奈德缓释注射用悬浮液(triamcinolone acetonide extended-releaseinjectable suspension,ER-TA)或作为对照的生理盐水治疗实验犬(研究#79503-18-214)后,其软骨的甲苯胺蓝染色。
发明详述
定义
除非另有说明,如上文和整个公开中使用的以下术语,应理解为具有以下含义。
除非上下文另有明确指明,如本文所使用的单数的形式“一(a)”、“一(an)”和“该(the)”包含复数的提及。
除非另外指明,本文的所有数值可以被理解为由“约(about)”所修饰,当提及可测量的值(诸如量、时间期间等)时,其意指包含特定值的±10%、±5%、±1%、±0.1%、±0.01%的变化,这样的变化对于获得期望含量的物质或期望的一段时间是适当的。
如本文所使用的,术语“关节注射”包括在关节疼痛或邻近关节疼痛的位置上的局部注射(local injection)、关节内注射(intra-articular injection)或关节周围注射(periarticular injection)。
如本文所使用的“有效量”,是指药物组合物的剂量,其足以减少造成关节疼痛的疾病的症状(symptoms)以及病征(signs)(诸如,关节的疼痛、发炎、僵直(stiffness)和肿胀(swelling)),和减少与IA类固醇注射有关的副作用。通过适当的临床标准所测量,造成关节疼痛的疾病的症状和病征的减少可以是约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%或其间任何的减少量。
如本文所使用的,术语“治疗(treating)”、“治疗(treated)”或“治疗(treatment)”包括预防性(preventative)(例如,预防性(prophylactic))、减缓(slowing)、停止(arresting)或逆转(reversing)造成关节疼痛的进行性结构组织损伤。在本申请通篇中,治疗意指减少(reducing)、缓解(alleviating)、抑制(inhibiting)或延迟(delaying)关节疼痛或者完全改善(complete amelioration)关节疼痛的方法,其由本领域已知的技术所检测。仅举数例,这些技术包括,但不限于:血清或关节抽出物(jointaspirate)(例如,类风湿因子(rheumatoid factors)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocytesedimentation rate))的临床检验、成像或分析。例如,当相比于治疗前的个体或对照个体,如果公开的方法于个体中的关节疼痛的减少有大约1%、5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%,则被视为是治疗。
术语“个体(subject)”可指具有关节疼痛的脊椎动物或认为需要关节疼痛的治疗的脊椎动物。个体包括温血动物,诸如哺乳动物,诸如灵长类,并且更优选地是人类。非-人类灵长类也是个体。术语个体包括驯养动物(domesticated animals)(诸如猫、狗等)、家畜(livestock)(例如,牛、马、猪、绵羊、山羊等)和实验动物(laboratory animals)(例如,小鼠、兔、大鼠、沙鼠、豚鼠等)。因此,本文涵盖兽医的用途和医药制剂。
术语“关节疼痛(joint pain)”指涉及一种或多种关节的发炎和/或疼痛的关节疾病或病况(joint disorder or condition)。如本文所使用的,术语“关节疼痛”包括已知或未知的、各种病因(etiologies)和原因(causes)的、各种类型和亚型的关节炎,包括,但不限于:类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis)、骨关节炎(osteoarthritis)、感染性关节炎(infectious arthritis)、银屑病关节炎(psoriatic arthritis)、痛风性关节炎(goutyarthritis)和狼疮-相关的关节炎(lupus-related arthritis),或者由滑囊炎(bursitis)、腱鞘炎(tenosynovitis)、上髁炎(epicondylitis)、滑膜炎(synovitis)和/或其他疾病(disorders)所引起的局部组织疼痛。
本公开的类固醇的“药学上可接受的盐(Pharmaceutically acceptable salts)”包括酸性类固醇与碱所形成的盐类,即碱加成盐(base addition salts),诸如碱金属和碱土金属盐(alkali and alkaline earth metal salts)(诸如钠盐、锂盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐)以及4种铵盐(ammonium salts)(诸如铵盐、三甲基-铵盐、二乙基铵盐和三-(羟甲基)-甲基-铵盐)。类似地,酸加成盐(acid addition salts),诸如矿物酸(mineral acids)、有机羧酸(organic carboxylic acids)和有机磺酸(organic sulfonic acids)(例如,盐酸(hydrochloric acid)、甲磺酸(methanesulfonic acid)、马来酸(maleic acid))也可被提供至碱性类固醇。
药物组合物
在一方面,本公开提供药物组合物,其包含:包含一种或多种脂质的脂质混合物;和有效量的类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐。该药物组合物维持IA类固醇的治疗效力并且减少与该IA类固醇有关的副作用。IA类固醇的副作用包括,但不限于:软骨细胞损伤(chondrocyte damage)、软骨细胞凋亡(chondrocyte apoptosis)、蛋白多糖损失(proteoglycan loss)、关节软骨囊肿(cysts in articular cartilage)、关节软骨降解(articular cartilage degradation)或关节破坏(joint destruction)。IA类固醇的副作用的评估可以通过例如但不限于无创检验(non-invasive examination)来进行,诸如MRI。当与被注射没有以本文所述的药物组合物来配制的IA类固醇(即,没有脂质混合物)的个体相比较,被注射以本文所述的药物组合物来配制的IA类固醇的个体中,副作用的减少可在1%、5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%的范围内。
在一个实施方案中,该药物组合物还包含至少一种用于活性成分的药学上可接受的赋形剂(excipient)、稀释剂(diluent)、载剂(vehicle)、载剂(carrier)、介质(medium),防腐剂(preservative),冷冻保护剂(cryoprotectant),或者它们的组合。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的药物组合物是通过下列步骤而被制备:将其中含有或不含有胆固醇的一种或多种脂质和一种或多种缓冲液混合以形成脂质体,将该脂质体与一种或多种增容剂(bulking agents)进行冷冻干燥以形成呈饼状物(cake)形式的脂质混合物,和用含有类固醇的水溶液来将该脂质混合物饼状物复水(reconstituting)以形成脂质体类固醇组合物(liposomal steroid composition),其中该脂质体类固醇组合物包含该脂质混合物和呈非-缔合形式的类固醇或呈与该脂质缔合的形式的类固醇。术语“非-缔合形式(non-associated form)”指可通过凝胶过滤(gel filtration)而从该药物组合物的磷脂/胆固醇部分中分离出来并且提供速释组分的类固醇分子。
在另一实施方案中,本公开的药物组合物是通过下列步骤而被制备:将其中含有或不含有胆固醇的一种或多种脂质在溶剂中混合,然后将该溶剂移除以形成呈粉末(powder)或薄膜(film)形式的脂质混合物,和用含有类固醇的水溶液来将该脂质混合物粉末或薄膜复水以得到呈含水悬浮液形式的药物组合物。
在一些实施方案中,本公开的药物组合物包含约10%至约50%的脂质-缔合的类固醇或约50%至约90%的非-缔合的类固醇。在其他的实施方案中,该磷脂和胆固醇的组合与类固醇的重量比(weight ratio)是约5-80比1。在又另一实施方案中,该磷脂和胆固醇的组合与该类固醇的重量比是约5-40比1。例如,该磷脂和胆固醇的组合与该类固醇的重量比可以是约5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75或80比1。
脂质混合物
本文所提供的药物组合物的脂质混合物指一种脂质,或多种脂质的混合物。该脂质混合物是,但不限于:呈薄膜(film)、饼状物(cake)、颗粒(granules)或粉末(powders)的形式。
在一些实施方案中,该脂质混合物包含一种或多种脂质。任选地,该一种或多种脂质包含摩尔百分比(mole percentage)为29.5%至90%:3%至37.5%的至少一种中性脂质和阴离子脂质(anionic lipid);可选地,摩尔比(mole ratio)为2:1至33:1。
在一个实施方案中,在进一步加工成脂质混合物之前,其中含有或不含有胆固醇的一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物预先形成脂质体。
在另一实施方案中,在进一步加工成脂质混合物之前,其中含有或不含有胆固醇的一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物没有预先形成脂质体。
该脂质体是纳米大小并且包含围绕着内部药剂-携带组分(internal agent-carrying component)的脂质单层或脂质双层。脂质体的非限制性实例包括小单层囊泡(small unilamellar vesicles,SUV)、大单层囊泡(large unilamellar vesicles,LUV)、多囊脂质体(multivesicular liposome,MVL)和多层囊泡(multi-lamellar vesicles,MLV),或者它们的组合。
该脂质混合物可由各种能够形成或被并入单层或双层结构的脂质来制备。本公开中所使用的脂质是两亲性物质类,这包括,但不限于:脂肪酸(fatty acids)、甘油脂(glycerolipids)、磷脂(phospholipids)、鞘脂(sphingolipids)、固醇(sterols)、异戊烯醇脂(prenol lipids)、糖脂(saccharolipids)和聚酮(polyketides)。该一种或多种磷脂的实例包括,但不限于:磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine,PC)、磷脂酰甘油(phosphatidylglycerol,PG)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(phosphatidylethanolamine,PE)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidylserine,PS)、磷脂酸(phosphatidic acid,PA)、磷脂酰肌醇(phosphatidylinositol,PI)。在一些实施方案中,该一种或多种磷脂包括蛋黄磷脂酰胆碱(egg phosphatidylcholine,EPC)、蛋黄磷脂酰甘油(egg phosphatidylglycerol,EPG)、蛋黄磷脂酰乙醇胺(egg phosphatidylethanolamine,EPE)、蛋黄磷脂酰丝氨酸(eggphosphatidylserine,EPS)、蛋黄磷脂酸(egg phosphatidic acid,EPA)、蛋黄磷脂酰肌醇(egg phosphatidylinositol,EPI)、大豆磷脂酰胆碱(soy phosphatidylcholine,SPC)、大豆磷脂酰甘油(soy phosphatidylglycerol,SPG)、大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺(soyphosphatidylethanolamine,SPE)、大豆磷脂酰丝氨酸(soy phosphatidylserine,SPS)、大豆磷脂酸(soy phosphatidic acid,SPA)、大豆磷脂酰肌醇(soy phosphatidylinositol,SPI)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine,DPPC)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine,DOPC)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰胆碱(dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine,DMPC)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰甘油(dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol,DPPG)、二油酰基磷脂酰甘油(dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol,DOPG)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰甘油(dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol,DMPG)、十六基磷胆碱(hexadecylphosphocholine,HEPC)、氢化大豆磷脂酰胆碱(hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine,HSPC)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(distearoylphosphatidylcholine,DSPC)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰甘油(distearoylphosphatidylglycerol,DSPG)、二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine,DOPE)、棕榈酰基硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(palmitoylstearoylphosphatidylcholine,PSPC)、棕榈酰基硬脂酰基磷脂酰甘油(palmitoylstearoylphosphatidylglycerol,PSPG)、单油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(monooleoylphosphatidylethanolamine,MOPE)、1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine,POPC)、聚乙二醇二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(polyethyleneglycoldistearoylphosphatidylethanolamine,PEG-DSPE)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸(dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine,DPPS)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰丝氨酸(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine,DOPS)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸(dimyristoylphosphatidylserine,DMPS)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸(distearoylphosphatidylserine,DSPS)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酸(dipalmitoylphosphatidicacid,DPPA)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酸(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid,DOPA)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酸(dimyristoylphosphatidic acid,DMPA)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酸(distearoylphosphatidic acid,DSPA)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰肌醇(dipalmitoylphosphatidylinositol,DPPI)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰肌醇(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylinositol,DOPI)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰肌醇(dimyristoylphosphatidylinositol,DMPI)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰肌醇(distearoylphosphatidylinositol,DSPI),和它们的混合物。
在另一实施方案中,该脂质混合物包括亲水性聚合物(hydrophilic polymer),该亲水性聚合物具有连接至磷脂分子的高度水合的柔性中性聚合物(flexible neutralpolymer)的长链。该亲水性聚合物的实例包括,但不限于:聚乙二醇(polyethyleneglycol,PEG)(具有约2,000至约5,000道尔顿的分子量)、甲氧基PEG(methoxy PEG,mPEG)、神经节苷脂GM1(ganglioside GM1)、聚唾液酸(polysialic acid)、聚乳酸(polylacticacid)(也被称为聚丙交酯(polylactide))、聚乙醇酸(polyglycolic acid)(也被称为聚乙交酯(polyglycolide))、聚乳酸聚乙醇酸(polylacticpolyglycolic acid)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone)、聚甲基噁唑啉(polymethoxazoline)、聚乙基噁唑啉(polyethyloxazoline)、聚羟乙基噁唑啉(polyhydroxyethyloxazoline)、聚羟丙基噁唑啉(polyhydroxypropyloxazoline)、聚天冬酰胺(polyaspartamide)、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺(polyhydroxypropyl methacrylamide)、聚甲基丙烯酰胺(polymethacrylamide)、聚二甲基丙烯酰胺(polydimethylacrylamide)、聚乙烯甲基醚(polyvinylmethylether)、聚丙烯酸羟乙酯(polyhydroxyethyl acrylate)、衍生化的纤维素(derivatized celluloses)(诸如羟甲基纤维素(hydroxymethylcellulose)或羟乙基纤维素(hydroxyethylcellulose))和合成聚合物(synthetic polymers)。
在一个实施方案中,该脂质混合物还包含固醇(sterol)。在本公开中所使用的固醇没有特别限制,但其实例包括胆固醇、植物固醇(phytosterol)(谷固醇(sitosterol)、豆固醇(stigmasterol)、岩藻固醇(fucosterol)、菠菜固醇(spinasterol)、菜籽固醇(brassicasterol)等)、麦角固醇(ergosterol)、胆甾烷酮(cholestanone)、胆甾烯酮(cholestenone)、粪甾烯醇(coprostenol)、胆固醇基-2’-羟乙基醚(cholesteryl-2’-hydroxyethyl ether)和胆固醇基-4’-羟丁基醚(cholesteryl-4’-hydroxybutyl ether)。该脂质混合物中的固醇组分当存在时可以是任何在脂质体、脂质囊泡或脂质粒子制备的领域中常规使用的那些固醇。在另一实施方案中,该脂质混合物包含约10%至约33%的胆固醇、约15至少于约30摩尔%的胆固醇、约18至约28摩尔%的胆固醇或约20至约25摩尔%的胆固醇。
在一些实施方案中,该脂质混合物包含第一磷脂和第二磷脂。在其他实施方案中,该第一磷脂选自DOPC、POPC、SPC或EPC,该第二磷脂是PEG-DSPE或DOPG。在示例性实施方案中,该脂质混合物包含摩尔百分比为29.5%至90%:3%至37.5%:10%至33%的DOPC、DOPG和胆固醇。
在一个实施方案中,该脂质混合物不含有脂肪酸或阳离子脂质(cationic lipid)(即,带有净正电荷与生理pH的脂质)。
在一些实施方案中,该脂质混合物还可包含抗体或肽的脂质-缀合物(lipid-conjugate),抗体或肽作为靶向部分(targeting moiety)以使其脂质体能够特异性地结合至带有目标分子的目标细胞。该目标分子的非限制性实例包括,但不限于:TNF-α和B细胞表面抗原(B cell surface antigen),诸如CD20。还可使用其他抗原,诸如CD19、HER-3、GD2、Gp75、CS1蛋白、间皮素(mesothelin)、cMyc、CD22、CD4、CD44、CD45、CD28、CD3、CD123、CD138、CD52、CD56、CD74、CD30、Gp75、CD38、CD33、GD2、VEGF或TGF。
本公开中所制备的脂质体可通过用于制备囊泡的常规技术而产生。这些技术包括:醚注入法(ether injection method)(Deamer et al.,Acad.Sci.(1978)308:250)、表面活性剂法(surfactant method)(Brunner et al.,Biochim.Biophys.Acta(1976)455:322)、冻融法(freeze-thaw method)(Pick et al.,Arch.Biochim.Biophys.(1981)212:186)、逆相蒸发法(reverse-phase evaporation method)(Szoka et al.,Biochim.Biophys.Acta.(1980)601:559 71)、超声波处理法(ultrasonic treatmentmethod)(Huang et al.,Biochemistry(1969)8:344)、乙醇注入法(ethanol injectionmethod)(Kremer et al.,Biochemistry(1977)16:3932)、挤压法(extrusion method)(Hope et al.,Biochim.Biophys.Acta(1985)812:55 65)、法式压碎机法(French pressmethod)(Barenholz et al.,FEBS Lett.(1979)99:210)以及在Szoka,F.,Jr.,et al.,Ann.Rev.Biophys.Bioeng.9:467(1980)中所详述的方法。上面的所有方法是用于形成囊泡的基础技术,这些方法援引加入本文。在灭菌之后,将该预先形成的脂质体无菌地放至于容器中,然后冷冻干燥以形成粉末或饼状物。在脂质混合物包含预先形成脂质体的实施方案中,所述脂质体通过溶剂注入法获得,然后通过冷冻干燥以形成该脂质混合物。该脂质混合物包含一种或多种增容剂(bulking agent)。在一个实施方案中,该脂质混合物还包含一种或多种缓冲剂(buffering agents)。
该增容剂包括,但不限于:多元醇(polyols)或糖醇(sugar alcohols),诸如甘露醇(mannitol)、甘油(glycerol)、山梨醇(sorbitol)、右旋糖(dextrose)、蔗糖(sucrose)和/或海藻糖(trehalose);氨基酸,诸如组氨酸、甘氨酸。一个优选的增容剂是甘露醇。
该缓冲剂包括,但不限于:磷酸二氢钠二水合物(sodium phosphate monobasicdihydrate)和无水磷酸氢二钠(sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous)。
在脂质混合物包含没有预先形成脂质体的脂质的实施方案中,该脂质混合物可以通过溶解于合适的有机溶剂(包括,但不限于:乙醇、甲醇、叔丁醇(t-butyl alcohol)、醚和氯仿)中并通过加热(heating)、真空蒸发(vacuum evaporation)、氮气蒸发(nitrogenevaporation)、冷冻干燥(lyophilization)或其他去除溶剂的常规方法来进行干燥而制备。
支持本公开的脂质混合物制备的具体实施例会于下面被描述。
用于关节注射的类固醇
在本文所述的药物组合物中的类固醇包括适合于关节注射的类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐。类固醇的实例包括,但不限于:皮质类固醇(corticosteroids),诸如糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids)和盐皮质激素(mineralocorticoids)。在一个实施方案中,在本文所述的药物组合物中的类固醇是适合于关节内(IA)注射的皮质类固醇。
在本公开中所用的IA类固醇包括任何天然存在的类固醇激素(steroidhormones)、合成类固醇(synthetic steroids)以及它们的衍生物。该IA类固醇、其衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的实例包括,但不限于:可的松(cortisone)、氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)、醋酸氢化可的松(hydrocortisone acetate)、巯基氢化可的松特戊酸盐(tixocortol pivalate)、氟轻松(fluocinolone)、泼尼松龙(prednisolone)、甲泼尼龙(methylprednisolone)、泼尼松(prednisone)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、曲安西龙(triamcinolone)、莫米松(mometasone)、安西奈德(amcinonide)、布地奈德(budesonide)、地奈德(desonide)、醋酸氟轻松(fluocinonide)、氟西奈德(fluocinoloneacetonide)、哈西奈德(halcinonide)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、倍他米松磷酸钠(betamethasone sodium phosphate)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、地塞米松磷酸钠(dexamethasone sodium phosphate,DSP)、氟可龙(fluocortolone)、17-丁酸氢化可的松酯(hydrocortisone-17-butyrate)、17-戊酸氢化可的松酯(hydrocortisone-17-valerate)、二丙酸阿氯米松(alclometasone dipropionate)、戊酸倍他米松(betamethasone valerate)、二丙酸倍他米松(betamethasone dipropionate)、泼尼卡酯(prednicarbate)、17-丁酸氯倍他松(clobetasone-17-butyrate)、17-丙酸氯倍他索(clobetasol-17-propionate)、己酸氟可龙(fluocortolone caproate)、特戊酸氟可龙(fluocortolone pivalate)、醋酸氟泼尼定(fluprednidene acetate)、二氟泼尼酯(difluprednate)、氯替泼诺(loteprednol)、氟米龙(fluorometholone)、甲羟松(medrysone)、利美索龙(rimexolone)、氯地米松(beclomethasone)、氯泼尼醇(cloprednol)、可的伐唑(cortivazol)、脱氧皮质酮(deoxycortone)、二氟可龙(difluorocortolone)、氟氯洛龙(fluclorolone)、氟可的松(fluorocortisone)、氟米松(flumethasone)、氟尼缩松(flunisolide)、氟可龙(fluorocortolone)、丙酮缩氟氢羟龙(flurandrenolone)、甲泼尼松(meprednisone)、甲泼尼龙(methylprednisolone)、帕拉米松(paramethasone)或它们的混合物。在示例性实施方案中,该IA类固醇是水溶性类固醇(water soluble steroid)。在另一示例性实施方案中,该IA类固醇选自依据CoopmanClassification的群组B和群组C的类固醇(S.Coopman et al.,“Identification ofcross-reaction patterns in allergic contact dermatitis from topicalcorticosteroids”Br J Dermatol.1989Jul;121(1):27-34)。
该IA类固醇的药学上可接受的盐包括由无毒性无机碱或有机碱所形成的无毒性盐类。例如,无毒性盐类可用无机碱(诸如碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物(alkali oralkaline earth metal hydroxide)(例如,钾、钠、锂、钙或镁))来形成;以及用有机碱(诸如胺(amine)等)来形成。
该IA类固醇的药学上可接受的盐还包括由无毒性无机酸或有机酸所形成的无毒性盐类。有机酸和无机酸的实例有,例如,盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、醋酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、马来酸(maleic acid)、富马酸(fumaric acid)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid)、胆酸(cholicacid)、帕莫酸(pamoic acid)、黏液酸(mucic acid)、D-谷氨酸(D-glutamic acid)、戊二酸(glutaric acid)、乙醇酸(glycolic acid)、酞酸(phthalic acid)、酒石酸(tartaricacid)、月桂酸(lauric acid)、硬脂酸(stearic acid)、水杨酸(salicylic acid)、山梨酸(sorbic acid)、苯甲酸(benzoic acid)等。
该IA类固醇可以通过关节注射给药任何有效量,以减少关节炎的症状或病征。它们可以下列剂量来给药:约0.1mg至约300mg、约0.1mg至约100mg、约0.1mg至约20mg、约0.1mg至约18mg、约1mg至约300mg、约1mg至约100mg、约1mg至约20mg、约1mg至约18mg、约4mg至约300mg、约4mg至约100mg、约4mg至约20mg、约4mg至约18mg。在一些实施方案中,本公开的药物组合物的IA类固醇为如下浓度:每毫升(mL)约1mg至约20mg、每毫升约1mg至约18mg、每毫升约4mg至约300mg、每毫升约4mg至约100mg、每毫升约4mg至约20mg或每毫升约4mg至约18mg。
在一些实施方案中,本公开的药物组合物中的IA类固醇的浓度如下:至少10mM、11mM、12mM、13mM、14mM、15mM、16mM、17mM、18mM、19mM、20mM、21mM、22mM、23mM、24mM、25mM、26mM、27mM、28mM、29mM、30mM、31mM、32mM、33mM、34mM或35mM;和任选地约10mM至约40mM、约15mM至约40mM、约20mM至约40mM、约15mM至约35mM、约15mM至约30mM、约15mM至约25mM、约20mM至约25mM。
在人体中的IA类固醇的使用剂量通过比较它们的体外活性和在动物模型中的体内活性来确定。将在小鼠以及其他动物中的有效剂量(effective dosages)推及人类中的有效剂量的方法是本领域中已知的;例如,参见US专利第4,938,949号,其援引加入本文。
该IA类固醇给药的剂量会取决于所要治疗病况的严重性、具体的制剂和其他临床因素(诸如体重和接受者的一般状况以及副作用的严重性)。
该药物组合物可以在适合于所要治疗病况的时间段内以单剂量或多剂量治疗来给药。该药物组合物可方便地以适当的间隔来给药,例如,一周一次、两周一次、六周一次、一个月一次、两个月一次、至少3个月一次、至少6个月一次,或者直到该病况的症状和病征被解决。在一组实施方案中,由至少两次关节注射所进行的多剂量治疗是以选自以下的给药间隔(dosing interval)来给药:两周、三周、四周、五周、六周、七周、八周、九周、十周、十一周、十二周、十三周、十四周、十五周、十六周、十七周、十八周、十九周、二十周、二十一周、二十二周和二十三周。
本公开的IA类固醇可在ddH2O或合适的缓冲液中进行混合以形成含有该类固醇的水溶液,用于制备该脂质体类固醇组合物。在一些实施方案中,该IA类固醇是水溶性并且没有共价键合至脂质,脂质包括但不限于:固醇、磷脂或脂肪酸,诸如棕榈酸酯(palmitate)。IA类固醇在水中的合适的溶解度为,例如,但不限于:至少4mg/mL、10mg/mL、20mg/mL、30mg/mL、40mg/mL或50mg/mL;任选地4mg/mL至10mg/mL;和5mg/mL至60mg/mL。
治疗关节疼痛或发炎并且减少与IA类固醇有关的副作用的方法
通常,在类固醇(诸如,皮质类固醇)IA给药后,个体的关节软骨经历快速进行性退化或损伤。这是由于IA类固醇的副作用,包括软骨细胞损伤(chondrocyte damage)、软骨细胞凋亡(chondrocyte apoptosis)、蛋白多糖损失(proteoglycan loss)、关节软骨降解(articular cartilage degradation)或关节破坏(joint destruction)。
本公开一方面涉及在个体中治疗关节疼痛并具有最低的IA类固醇的副作用的方法,其包括向有此需要的个体给药有效量的如本文所述的药物组合物,由此,相比于给药速释或标准类固醇制剂后的个体中的副作用,由该IA类固醇所诱发的副作用减少。在一个实施方案中,该个体具有关节炎,诸如骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、急性痛风性关节炎。
还提供通过给药本文所公开的药物组合物在需要治疗关节疼痛的个体中最小化皮质类固醇-诱发的关节病(corticosteroid-induced arthropathy)或与IA类固醇有关的副作用的方法。
在另一方面,来自于本文所述的药物组合物的IA类固醇的持续、稳定状态的释放不会造成关节软骨损伤或破坏。
本文所提供的药物组合物可与任何种类的另外的治疗剂来组合使用,另外的治疗剂包括但不限于:止痛药(analgesics)(例如,布比卡因(bupivacaine)、罗哌卡因(ropivacaine)或利多卡因(lidocaine))、透明质酸制剂(hyaluronic acidpreparations)(例如Synvisc-OneTM)、非甾体抗炎剂(non-steroidal anti-inflammatoryagent)(例如,布洛芬(ibuprofen))、疾病调节剂(disease modifying agents)(例如氨甲喋呤(methotrexate))或生物制剂(biologics)(例如,依那西普(etanercept)、英夫利昔单抗(infliximab)、阿达木单抗(adalimumab)、赛妥珠单抗(certolizumab pegol)、戈利木单抗(golimumab)或利妥昔单抗(rituximab))。在一些实施方案中,将所请求的药物组合物与另外的治疗剂配制成单一的治疗组合物,并且所请求的药物组合物与另外的治疗剂同时给药。可选地,所请求的药物组合物与另外的治疗剂是彼此分开的,例如,各自配制成独立的治疗组合物,并且所请求的药物组合物与另外的治疗剂同时地或者在治疗方案(treatmentregimen)期间的不同的时间点、通过相同途径或不同途径、以单剂量或多剂量来给药。
下面的实施例进一步说明根据本公开的药物组合物、方法或用途。这些实施例仅意在例示说明根据本公开的药物组合物、方法或用途,而不被解释为是限制的。
实施例1:脂质混合物的制备
通过溶剂注入法(solvent injection method)制备脂质溶液。该脂质,包括DOPC、DOPG和胆固醇,在约40℃下于烧瓶内以67.5:7.5:25的摩尔百分比来混合并溶解于99.9%乙醇中以形成脂质溶液。使用台式超声波浴(tabletop ultrasonic bath)来进行脂质溶解(lipid dissolution)。
溶解的脂质溶液通过蠕动泵(peristaltic pump)以100mL/min添加至1.0mM磷酸钠溶液中以形成前-脂质体悬浮液(pro-liposome suspension)。该前-脂质体悬浮液然后通过具有0.2μm孔径的聚碳酸酯膜(polycarbonate membrane)6至10次。获得脂质体混合物,该脂质体具有约120-140nm的平均囊泡直径(通过Malvern ZetaSizer Nano ZS-90,Malvern Instruments Ltd,Worcestershire,UK所测量)。
该脂质体混合物通过具有Millipore Pellicon 2Mini Ultrafiltration ModuleBiomax-100C(0.1m2)的切向流过滤系统(tangential flow filtration system)(Millipore Corporation,Billerica,MA,USA)来进行透析和浓缩,然后使用0.2μm无菌过滤器来进行灭菌。
过滤的脂质体混合物的脂质浓度通过磷测定法(phosphorus assay)定量,将过滤的脂质体混合物用浓度为2%的甘露醇(mannitol)来进行配制,然后再次使用0.2μm无菌过滤器进行灭菌。灭菌的脂质体混合物然后进行冷冻干燥(lyophilization)以获得呈饼状物(cake)形式的脂质混合物。
实施例2:药物组合物的制备
根据本公开的药物组合物通过将实施例1中所述的脂质混合物与DSP溶液(其包含13.2mg/mL地塞米松磷酸钠(dexamethasone sodium phosphate,DSP)(C22H28FNa2O8P,分子量:516.41g/L)和4mg/mL柠檬酸钠)进行混合来制备,由此获得具有DSP的最终浓度为12.0mg/mL(23.2mM)的脂质体DSP组合物。
实施例3:体内评估药物组合物减少不同剂量关节类固醇的副作用
使用米格鲁犬(beagle dogs)进行体内研究以评估该药物组合物减少不同剂量的IA类固醇的副作用的效果。载体对照通过将实施例1中所述的脂质混合物与0.9%氯化钠溶液混合进行制备。
米格鲁犬被分成五组,各个膝盖接受下述的IA注射:
组A(n=8):单次IA注射生理盐水(每个膝盖1.5mL的0.9%氯化钠)
组B(n=8):单次IA注射载体对照(每个膝盖1.5mL的不含DSP的脂质混合物悬浮液)
组C(n=8):单次IA注射实施例2的脂质体DSP组合物(每个膝盖0.34mL含有4mgDSP的药物组合物)
组D(n=8):单次IA注射实施例2的脂质体DSP组合物(每个膝盖1.0mL含有12mgDSP的药物组合物)
组E(n=8):单次IA注射实施例2的脂质体DSP组合物(每个膝盖1.5mL含有18mgDSP的药物组合物)
在试验组合物IA注射于各个膝盖3个月后处死米格鲁犬。使用甲苯胺蓝染色(toluidine blue staining)来评估膝盖软骨中的蛋白多糖损失(loss ofproteoglycan)。基于以下的标准来评分蛋白多糖损失的严重性:
0分:没有蛋白多糖损失
1分:极少的(minimal)蛋白多糖损失
2分:轻微的(slight)蛋白多糖损失
3分:中度的(moderate)蛋白多糖损失
4分:显著的(marked)蛋白多糖损失
5分:严重的(severe)蛋白多糖损失
表1显示,在不同剂量脂质体DSP组合物的组(组C、D和E)之间,蛋白多糖损失的程度是相似的,且与DSP的剂量无关。实验犬在接受各个膝盖单次IA注射该脂质体DSP组合物(剂量为4mg至18mg)之后,75%至100%的膝盖软骨显示没有至极少的蛋白多糖损失,这相似于生理盐水对照组,其100%的膝盖软骨显示没有至极少的蛋白多糖损失(组A)。
表1.组A-E的蛋白多糖损失分数
实施例4:药物组合物的毒性/毒物代谢动力学图谱(toxicity/toxicokineticprofile)和药代动力学图谱(pharmacokinetic profile)
本实施例的目的是在健康的实验犬和实验兔的五个临床前研究(preclinicalstudies)中评估在IA注射后相比于现有的类固醇治疗(诸如曲安奈德(triamcinoloneacetonide,TA)和曲安奈德缓释注射用悬浮液(triamcinolone acetonide extended-release injectable suspension,ER-TA)),实施例2的脂质体DSP组合物的软骨损伤,以及实施例2的脂质体DSP组合物的毒物代谢动力学(toxicokinetic,TK)/药代动力学(pharmacokinetic,PK)图谱。
在四个毒性研究中,软骨组织学(cartilage histology)在脂质体DSP组合物(被表示为TLC599)或其他试验物质的IA注射之后被检测。蛋白多糖损失通过阳离子染料(甲苯胺蓝,其染色蛋白多糖)来评估。蛋白多糖染色强度的减少提示软骨损伤和潜在的软骨毒性。在两个TK/PK研究中,磷酸地塞米松(dexamethasone phosphate,DP)的浓度被定量以及TK/PK图谱被评估(表2)。DSP是钠盐形式的DP。
表2非-临床研究列表
图1A显示在实验犬的滑液(synovial fluid)中的磷酸地塞米松的平均浓度,其中该滑液在脂质体DSP组合物以4和18mg/膝盖的剂量水平单剂量IA注射于雌性和雄性实验犬的两个膝盖中之后的第2.5、48、96、168和360小时取样。
图1B显示在实验犬的滑液中的磷酸地塞米松的浓度,其中该滑液在TLC599以18mg/膝盖(总共为36mg/动物)的剂量水平单剂量IA注射于两个膝盖中之后的第15、30、45、90和120天取样。
在该脂质体DSP组合物的IA注射之后,滑液中的DP的浓度在第2.5至48.0小时之间维持在高水平,并且持续360小时(图1A)。DP从给药后第30天至120天维持在相似的水平(图1B),其显示在关节中的延长的局部暴露(prolonged local exposure)。
实验犬(研究#8351850)和实验兔(研究#8288836)用脂质体DSP组合物的单剂量或多剂量治疗后的软骨的甲苯胺蓝染色显示于图2中。在研究#8351850中,实验犬被给药12mg/膝盖的脂质体DSP组合物于膝盖关节中并且在治疗后第8天(A1区)、第31天(A2区)和第91天(A3区)被处死。在研究#8288836中,实验兔被单次给药1.2mg/膝盖的脂质体DSP组合物于膝盖关节中并且在治疗后第15天(B1区)和第31天(B2区)被处死;以及实验兔被两次给药(一个月后第二次给药)1.2mg/膝盖的脂质体DSP组合物于膝盖关节中并且在治疗后第91天(B3区)被处死。
如图2所示,在实验犬和实验兔两者的研究中,没有甲苯胺蓝染色的强度改变和苏木精与伊红(H&E)染色(hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining)的形态改变被观察到,表明即使在重复给药之后,也没有蛋白多糖损失和软骨损伤。
实验犬(研究#75903-18-214)用单剂量的高剂量TA和ER-TA治疗后的软骨的甲苯胺蓝染色显示于图3中。相比于生理盐水,高剂量的TA和ER-TA显示显著的蛋白多糖损失,低剂量的ER-TA相比于其等效剂量(equipotent dose)的TA以及生理盐水显示显著的蛋白多糖损失(图3)。相反地,在治疗后第30天,该脂质体DSP组合物(被表示为TLC599)显示与生理盐水相当的蛋白多糖的水平(图2)。
因此,相比于单独的TA,ER-TA被观察到导致更多蛋白多糖损失和潜在的软骨毒性,特别是在较低剂量水平(2.1mg/膝盖)。该数据表明:相比于该两种传统产品,脂质体DSP组合物具有显著更低的毒性。
在研究#75903-18-214中,实验犬被给药生理盐水、2.1mg/膝盖和18.75mg/膝盖的曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)(分别被表示为“TA 2.1mg”和“TA 18.75mg”)、2.1mg/膝盖和18.75mg/膝盖的曲安奈德的缓释注射用悬浮液(分别被表示为“ER-TA2.1mg”和“ER-TA 18.75mg”)或12mg/膝盖的该脂质体DSP组合物在膝盖关节中(被表示为“TLC599 12mg(与60mg TA等效)”)。
在研究#8351851中,在4次重复给药该脂质体DSP组合物于实验犬中之后,在第一次给药该脂质体DSP组合物和最后一次给药该脂质体组合物之间的毒性和TK图谱(Toxicity and TK profiles)没有显著的差异被观察到,提示在多剂量和单剂量给药之间的相似的软骨安全性。该脂质体DSP组合物可以被重复地给药而没有显著的副作用,并且在OA的长期管理(long-term management)中是安全且有效的治疗。
作为根据本公开的药物组合物的脂质体DSP组合物(新的DSP的缓释制剂),其显示在单次IA注射之后的关节中具有高水平的DSP暴露,并且维持在相似的水平长达四个月(图1B)。
在单剂量和多剂量脂质体DSP组合物的IA注射之后,在临床前的实验犬和实验兔的研究中没有显著的软骨毒性被观察到。相反地,对于单剂量的TA和单剂量的ER-TA两者,在软骨中中度的蛋白多糖损失被观察到(图3)。
Claims (31)
1.药物组合物用于治疗个体中的关节疼痛并减少关节内(IA)类固醇所诱发的副作用的用途,其中所述药物组合物包含:
(a)脂质混合物,其包含一种或多种脂质;和
(b)有效量的IA类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中所述个体中的至少一种与所述IA类固醇有关的副作用相比于给药所述IA类固醇而没有所述脂质混合物的个体中的副作用减少。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述副作用选自软骨细胞损伤、软骨细胞凋亡、蛋白多糖损失、关节软骨囊肿、关节软骨降解、关节破坏或者它们的组合。
3.权利要求1的用途,其中所述脂质混合物包含一种或多种磷脂和固醇。
4.权利要求1的用途,其中所述脂质混合物包含1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)和1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰甘油(DOPG)。
5.权利要求1的用途,其中所述IA类固醇是水溶性类固醇。
6.权利要求1的用途,其中所述药物组合物的IA类固醇的量选自以下:至少10mM、约10mM至约40mM、约15mM至约30mM和约20mM至约25mM。
7.权利要求1的用途,其中所述IA类固醇是皮质类固醇。
8.权利要求1的用途,其中所述IA类固醇是地塞米松磷酸钠、地塞米松、倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸钠、醋酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、戊酸倍他米松、糠酸莫米松、曲安奈德、己曲安奈德、二醋酸曲安西龙、甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠、醋酸甲泼尼龙、丁乙酸泼尼松龙、醋酸氢化可的松、二丙酸阿氯米松、哈西奈德、氟可龙、氟西奈德或者它们的组合。
9.权利要求1的用途,其中所述IA类固醇的有效量是约0.1至约300mg。
10.权利要求1的用途,其中所述IA类固醇的有效量是约0.1至约20mg。
11.权利要求1的用途,其中所述IA类固醇的有效量是约4mg至约18mg。
12.权利要求1的用途,其中所述药物组合物通过关节注射给药。
13.权利要求11的用途,其中所述药物组合物通过至少两次关节注射给药。
14.权利要求13的用途,其中所述至少两次关节注射以选自以下的给药间隔给药:两周、三周、四周、五周、六周、七周、八周、九周、十周、十一周、十二周、十三周、十四周、十五周、十六周、十七周、十八周、十九周、二十周、二十一周、二十二周和二十三周。
15.权利要求13的用途,其中所述至少两次关节注射以约10至14周的给药间隔给药,并且每次关节注射的IA类固醇是剂量为8mg至18mg的地塞米松磷酸钠。
16.治疗关节疼痛并减少关节内(IA)类固醇所诱发的副作用的方法,其包括向需要治疗关节疼痛的个体给药有效量的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含:
(a)脂质混合物,其包含一种或多种脂质;和
(b)有效量的IA类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中所述个体中的至少一种与所述IA类固醇有关的副作用相比于给药所述IA类固醇而没有所述脂质混合物的个体中的副作用减少。
17.权利要求16的用途,其中所述副作用选自软骨细胞损伤、软骨细胞凋亡、蛋白多糖损失、关节软骨囊肿、关节软骨降解、关节破坏或者它们的组合。
18.权利要求16的方法,其中所述脂质混合物包含一种或多种磷脂和固醇。
19.权利要求16的方法,其中所述脂质混合物包含1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)和1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰甘油(DOPG)。
20.权利要求16的方法,其中所述IA类固醇是水溶性类固醇。
21.权利要求16的方法,其中所述药物组合物的IA类固醇的量选自以下:至少10mM、约10mM至约40mM、约15mM至约30mM和约20mM至约25mM。
22.权利要求16的方法,其中所述IA类固醇是皮质类固醇。
23.权利要求16的方法,其中所述IA类固醇是地塞米松磷酸钠、地塞米松、倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸钠、醋酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、戊酸倍他米松、糠酸莫米松、曲安奈德、己曲安奈德、二醋酸曲安西龙、甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠、醋酸甲泼尼龙、丁乙酸泼尼松龙、醋酸氢化可的松、二丙酸阿氯米松、哈西奈德、氟可龙、氟西奈德或者它们的组合。
24.权利要求16的方法,其中所述IA类固醇以约0.1至约300mg的剂量给药。
25.权利要求16的方法,其中所述IA类固醇以约0.1mg至约20mg的剂量给药。
26.权利要求16的方法,其中所述IA类固醇以约4mg至约18mg的剂量给药。
27.权利要求16的方法,其中所述药物组合物通过至少一次关节注射给药。
28.权利要求16的方法,其中所述药物组合物通过至少两次关节注射给药。
29.权利要求28的方法,其中所述至少两次关节注射以选自以下的给药间隔给药:两周、三周、四周、五周、六周、七周、八周、九周、十周、十一周、十二周、十三周、十四周、十五周、十六周、十七周、十八周、十九周、二十周、二十一周、二十二周和二十三周。
30.权利要求28的方法,其中所述至少两次关节注射以约10至14周的给药间隔给药,并且每次关节注射的IA类固醇是剂量为8mg至18mg的地塞米松磷酸钠。
31.用于治疗关节疼痛或发炎的固定剂量组合物,其中所述药物组合物包含:
(a)脂质混合物,其包含一种或多种脂质;和
(b)IA类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中所述IA类固醇是剂量为10mg至14mg的地塞米松磷酸钠。
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