CN112468205A - Backscatter secure communication method suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
- H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/318—Received signal strength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
- H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/20—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for managing network security; network security policies in general
Abstract
The invention discloses a backscatter safe communication method suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps: determining a network model, a network communication mode and a protocol; simplifying the network model, and discretizing the continuous time; solving the received signal power of each backscattering device on the ground; solving the energy which can be harvested by each backscattering device at any time, solving the backscattering channel capacity, and solving the eavesdropping channel capacity of each eavesdropper; defining an optimization target as maximizing the fair throughput of the backscattering equipment to obtain an optimization target expression and the constraint thereof; simplifying the optimization target problem, and solving the optimization target problem by adopting a block coordinate descent method; the method comprises three parts of unmanned aerial vehicle flight path design, equipment backscattering factor distribution and equipment time slot distribution, and simultaneously the problems of ground equipment harvesting energy and communication safety are considered; in addition, the fairness and the safety of data transmission of a plurality of devices are guaranteed while the energy supply of a plurality of passive devices on the ground is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a backscattering safety communication method.
Background
At present, the demand of wireless communication on energy is remarkably increased, and among various energy supply communication technologies, a backscattering communication technology is an energy-saving, economic and efficient communication technology with strict energy limitation and prospect, and is very suitable for being applied to large-scale low-cost Internet of things equipment; an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is used as a low-altitude aircraft with high maneuverability, is widely applied to various fields, and is particularly tightly combined with the communication industry; the low-power consumption internet of things equipment lacks energy consumption to encrypt data, so that information is easy to hijack by a malicious eavesdropper, and the channel coding theorem provides a lightweight but effective mode to ensure safe communication by enabling the information transmission rate of a legal communication pair to be higher than the capacity of an eavesdropping channel. However, in the prior art, data transmission while ensuring information security and energy acquisition in a drone-assisted backscatter communication network has not been considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a backscatter secure communication method suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: .
A backscatter secure communication method suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining a network model, and determining a network communication mode and a network communication protocol;
(2) simplifying the network model and discretizing the continuous time;
(3) the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the air is assumed to be known, and the received signal power of each backscattering device on the ground is obtained;
(4) assuming that reflection factors of all the reverse devices on the ground are known, solving the energy which can be harvested by all the reverse scattering devices at any moment, solving the capacity of a reverse scattering channel, and solving the capacity of a eavesdropping channel of each eavesdropper;
(5) defining an optimization target as maximizing the fair throughput of the backscattering equipment to obtain an optimization target expression and the constraint thereof;
(6) and simplifying the optimization target problem, and solving the optimization target problem by adopting a block coordinate descent method.
Preferably, the step (1) specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
(11) the network model is assumed to be composed of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a plurality of ground backscattering devices and a plurality of ground wiretapping devices. Determining the quantity and position coordinates of the backscatter devices and the eavesdropping devices, and simultaneously determining the emission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the maximum flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the flight starting position and the regression position of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the channel noise power, the distance between each backscatter device and the eavesdropping device, the energy conversion efficiency coefficient of the backscatter device and the energy threshold value obtained by the backscatter device;
(12) the unmanned aerial vehicle collects information carried by the ground backscatter devices in a backscatter communication mode, and a transmitter which is used as a carrier wave also serves as a receiver of the information. The unmanned aerial vehicle communicates with the ground backscatter devices in a time division multiplexing protocol mode to determine the mission flight time of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The downlink carrier signal of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for information modulation of ground backscatter equipment and can also be used for energy acquisition of ground equipment.
Preferably, the step (5) specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
(51) for each backscatter device, sufficient energy needs to be harvested for other work tasks of the device, resulting in energy constraints;
(52) for each backscattering device, when the backscattering device is awakened to communicate with the unmanned aerial vehicle, the safety of information transmission needs to be ensured, and a safety communication constraint condition is obtained;
(53) considering that a plurality of backscattering devices on the ground participate in communication, in order to ensure the fairness of multi-device communication, an objective function of maximizing the minimum throughput value in the plurality of devices is adopted;
(54) and obtaining an optimization target problem.
Preferably, the method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step (6) comprises in particular the sub-steps of:
(61) simplifying the optimization target problem;
(62) fixing the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle, allocating equipment time slots, and solving equipment backscattering factors;
(63) time slot allocation of fixed equipment and back scattering factors of the equipment are carried out, and the flight trajectory of the unmanned aerial vehicle is solved;
(64) fixing the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the equipment backscattering factor, and solving equipment time slot allocation;
(65) and carrying out joint design solution according to the step (61), the step (62), the step (63) and the step (64).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises three parts of unmanned aerial vehicle flight path design, equipment backscatter factor allocation and equipment time slot allocation, and can also take the problems of ground equipment harvesting energy and communication safety into consideration; in addition, the fairness and the safety of data transmission of a plurality of devices are guaranteed while the energy supply of a plurality of passive devices on the ground is realized.
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The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication network model of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A backscatter secure communication method suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining a network model, and determining a network communication mode and a network communication protocol;
(2) simplifying the network model and discretizing the continuous time;
(3) the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the air is assumed to be known, and the received signal power of each backscattering device on the ground is obtained;
(4) assuming that reflection factors of all the reverse devices on the ground are known, solving the energy which can be harvested by all the reverse scattering devices at any moment, solving the capacity of a reverse scattering channel, and solving the capacity of a eavesdropping channel of each eavesdropper;
(5) defining an optimization target as maximizing the fair throughput of the backscattering equipment to obtain an optimization target expression and the constraint thereof;
(6) and simplifying the optimization target problem, and solving by adopting a fast coordinate descent method according to the optimization target problem.
The method mainly relates to three parts of unmanned aerial vehicle flight path design, equipment backscattering factor distribution and equipment time slot distribution, and can give consideration to the problems of ground equipment harvesting energy and communication safety; in addition, the energy supply to a plurality of passive devices on the ground is realized, meanwhile, the fairness and the safety of data transmission of the devices are ensured, and the optimization of resource scheduling is realized.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
(11) assuming that there are K backscatter devices in the unmanned aerial vehicle based secure backscatter network model, wherein
There are also M eavesdropping devices, among which
The drone is sent to collect user information for K devices in the area, where the maximum speed at which the drone flies is vmaxThe transmission power of the carrier signal of the unmanned aerial vehicle is Pt,uThe channel noise power is
The distance between each backscatter device and the eavesdropping device being dkm＝||bk-emI, where i | · | |, represents the euclidean distance between a pair of vectors. Energy conversion efficiency coefficient of the backscatter device is ηkThe backscatter device obtains an energy threshold of Eth；
(12) The unmanned aerial vehicle collects information carried by the ground backscatter devices in a backscatter communication mode, and a transmitter which is used as a carrier wave also serves as a receiver of the information. The unmanned aerial vehicle carries out carrier wave emission in a downlink mode and carries out information receiving in an uplink mode, the unmanned aerial vehicle is communicated with the ground backscatter devices in a time division multiplexing protocol mode, the total working time of the UAV is T, but only one backscatter device is awakened at any time to carry out information transmission with the unmanned aerial vehicle; in addition, the downlink carrier signal of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for information modulation of ground backscatter equipment and can also be used for ground equipment to obtain energy.
Simplifying the network model, and discretizing the continuous time; considering that the unmanned aerial vehicle has continuous track flight and involves infinite variables in solving the problem, the model is simplified, and the total working time T is discretized into N points, namely T is Nt, wherein T is very small. Suppose the 3D coordinate of the UAV at the nth time slot is (u [ n ]],dh) Wherein d ishFor the fixed height of unmanned aerial vehicle flight. Then in the nth time slot, the distance between the unmanned machine and the ground device k can be expressed as
Considering time division multiplexing protocol, in the nth time slot, a is usedk[n]1 means that device k is activated to upload its information to the drone, and similarly, has ak[n]0 means that the device k is in a deep sleep state. To avoid collision, only one BD can be activated at most at a time, so
The discretization can effectively discretize, the time and space cost of the algorithm can be reduced, and the classification clustering capability and the noise resisting capability of the system on the samples are improved.
And (4) calculating the received signal power of each backscattering device on the ground under the condition that the air position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is known. In the nth time slot, the position of the unmanned plane is (u [ n ]],dh). Let us assume that there is a Los channel between the drone and the ground device and the path loss exponent is 2. The corresponding power received by device k in this time slot is Pr,k[n]＝Pt,u/Ωuk[n]Wherein Ω isuk[n]＝Ω0(duk[n]/d0)2，Ω0Denotes a reference distance d0Path loss in time.
Assuming that reflection factors of each reverse device on the ground are known, solving the energy which can be harvested by each reverse scattering device in any time slot, solving the capacity of a reverse scattering channel, and solving the capacity of an eavesdropping channel of each eavesdropper; suppose Γk[n]∈[0,1]Is used for indicating the reflection coefficient of a backscattering device k in a k time slot, and the power of a modulation signal reflected in the time slot is known as gammak[n]Pr,k[n]Therefore, it is
Expressed as the backscatter channel capacity of device k with drone at time slot n, where
Is the channel noise power; for the carrier signal which is not reflected, the backscattering equipment can harvest the carrier signal as energy, and the energy which can be harvested in the whole nth time slot is Ek[n]＝(1-Γk[n])ηkPr,k[n]t; the information reflected by the back scattering device k is modulated and simultaneously can be stolen and heard by other eavesdropping devices, so the back scattering channel capacity of the device k and the eavesdropping device m in the nth time slot is
The step 5 specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
(51) for each backscatter device, sufficient energy needs to be harvested for other work tasks of the device, resulting in energy constraints; suppose that the minimum energy required to be harvested by the device k during the entire working time is EthTherefore, there are
(52) For each backscatter device, when it is awakenedWhen the unmanned aerial vehicle communicates with the unmanned aerial vehicle, the safety of information transmission needs to be ensured, and a safety communication constraint condition is obtained; for the reflection information modulated and reflected by the reverse scattering equipment, the reflection information can be intercepted by the unmanned aerial vehicle and the interception equipment at the same time, when C isku[n]≥Ckm[n]If device k is represented by Cku[n]The rate at which the information is transmitted without being eavesdropped by eavesdropping devices. On the contrary, when Cku[n]＜Ckm[n]Information may be leaked to the eavesdropping device m; therefore, introduce the constraint condition of secure communication, have
The security of the method on communication is improved.
(53) Considering that a plurality of backscattering devices on the ground participate in communication, in order to ensure the fairness of multi-device communication, an objective function of maximizing the minimum throughput value in the plurality of devices is adopted; the achievable throughput of the device k is
Considering the fairness of information transfer by a plurality of ground devices, an optimization goal is defined to maximize the fair throughput of the backscatter devices, i.e.
(54) Obtaining an optimization target problem, wherein the optimization target expression is shown as a formula (P1), wherein RfairExpressed as the minimum information rate among all backscatter devices, as shown in equation (P1-a); the expression (P1-b) expresses that no information is leaked to the eavesdropping device during the communication; the equations (P1-c) and (P1-d) are the velocity constraint and the initial regression position constraint of the unmanned plane flight; the formula (P1-e) and the formula (P1-f) define a time division multiplexing protocol mode; the formula (P1-g) is the device reflection factor coefficient range; the formula (P1-f) expresses that for each device k it requires the least harvesting to EthThe energy of (a);
||u[n+1]-u[n]||≤dΔ,n＝1,..,N-1, (P1-c)
u[1]＝u[N]＝ubegin, (P1-d)
(6) the optimization target problem is simplified, and the fast coordinate descent method is adopted to solve according to the optimization target problem, wherein the steps are as follows:
(61) simplifying the optimization target problem; for constraint (P1-f), scaling to continuous variable constraint
For constraint (P1-b), according to the nature of the logarithmic function, it can be equivalently converted into
(62) Fixed unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory { u [ n ]]1, …, N and slot allocation factor ak[n]1, …, N, K1, …, K, solving for the backscattering device scattering factor { Γk[n]And l N is 1, …, N, K is 1, …, K, the function is a convex function, and an optimal solution can be obtained by adopting a convex optimization method.
(63) Fixed backscatter device scattering factor { Γk[n]1, …, N, K1, …, K and slot allocation factor { a |k[n]And solving the unmanned aerial vehicle track { u [ N ] for 1, …, N, K for 1, … and K }, wherein N is equal to 1, …, N, K is equal to 1, and N is equal to K]I N is 1, …, N, the function is a non-convex function, and the auxiliary variable q is introduced firstuk[n]And let it replace that in P1
The non-convex constraints (P1-a) and (P1-h) are converted into convex constraints by processing the convex constraints by a method of first-order Taylor expansion
And
(P1-c),(P1-d),(1.3)
p2 is a convex problem, and a convex optimization method can be adopted to obtain an optimal solution.
(64) Fixed drone trajectory { u [ N ] | N ═ 1, …, N } and backscatter device scattering factor
{Γk[n]1, …, N, K1, …, K, solving for the slot allocation factor
{ak[n]And l N is 1, …, N, K is 1, …, K, the function is a convex function, and an optimal solution can be obtained by adopting a convex optimization method. For the obtained ak[n]Existence of
Let us
And
to satisfy (P1-e) and (P1-f).
(65) Carrying out alternate iterative solution through the step 62, the step 63 and the step 64 until the objective function value is converged; the method comprises the following steps:
setting an initial feasible solution
And initial relaxation variables
Derived from the initial feasible solution
Is provided with
And i ← 0;
II, updating i ← i + 1;
three, given { u(i-1)[n]}，
Solving by said step 62
Fourth, update
Fifthly, setting
Solving for { u } through said step 63(i)[n]}， 
Sixthly, setting
Solving by said step 64
And
seventh, judge
If yes, performing a second step; if not, returning the result
{u(i)[n]}，
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes without departing from the overall spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A backscatter secure communication method suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining a network model, and determining a network communication mode and a network communication protocol;
(2) simplifying the network model and discretizing the continuous time;
(3) the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the air is known, and the received signal power of each backscattering device on the ground is obtained;
(4) assuming that reflection factors of each piece of reverse equipment on the ground are known, solving the energy which can be harvested by each piece of reverse scattering equipment at any moment, solving the capacity of a reverse scattering channel, and solving the capacity of an eavesdropping channel of each eavesdropper;
(5) defining an optimization target as maximizing the fair throughput of the backscattering equipment to obtain an optimization target expression and the constraint thereof;
(6) and simplifying the optimization target problem, and solving the optimization target problem by adopting a block coordinate descent method.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step (1) comprises in particular the sub-steps of:
(11) the network model is assumed to be composed of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a plurality of ground backscatter devices and a plurality of ground eavesdropping devices, the number and position coordinates of the backscatter devices and the eavesdropping devices are determined, and meanwhile, the emission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the maximum flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the flight starting position and the flight returning position of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the channel noise power, the distance between each backscatter device and the eavesdropping device, the energy conversion efficiency coefficient of the backscatter device and the energy threshold value obtained by the backscatter device are determined;
(12) the unmanned aerial vehicle collects information carried by ground backscatter equipment in a backscatter communication mode, a transmitter of the unmanned aerial vehicle, namely a carrier wave, is also used as a receiver of the information, the unmanned aerial vehicle communicates with the ground backscatter equipment in a time division multiplexing protocol mode to determine the task flight time of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and downlink carrier signals of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for the ground backscatter equipment to perform information modulation and can also be used for the ground equipment to acquire energy.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step (5) comprises in particular the sub-steps of:
(51) for each backscattering device, enough energy needs to be harvested for other work tasks of the device, and energy constraint conditions are obtained;
(52) for each backscattering device, when the backscattering device is awakened to communicate with the unmanned aerial vehicle, the safety of information transmission needs to be ensured, and a safety communication constraint condition is obtained;
(53) considering that a plurality of backscattering devices on the ground participate in communication, in order to ensure the fairness of multi-device communication, an objective function of maximizing the minimum throughput value in the plurality of devices is adopted;
(54) and obtaining an optimization target problem.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step (6) comprises in particular the sub-steps of:
(61) simplifying the optimization target problem;
(62) fixing the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle, allocating equipment time slots, and solving equipment backscattering factors;
(63) time slot allocation of fixed equipment and back scattering factors of the equipment are carried out, and the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle is solved;
(64) fixing the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the equipment backscattering factor, and solving equipment time slot allocation;
(65) and carrying out joint design solution according to the step (61), the step (62), the step (63) and the step (64).
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| CN114124705B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-02-02 | 重庆邮电大学 | Max-min fairness-based resource allocation method for unmanned aerial vehicle auxiliary backscatter communication system |
| CN116170053A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-05-26 | 重庆邮电大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted NOMA backscatter communication system max-min rate maximization method |
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