CN110224723A - A kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method - Google Patents
A kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method Download PDFInfo
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- H04B5/77—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
- H04B7/18504—Aircraft used as relay or high altitude atmospheric platform
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
- H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention belongs to fields of communication technology, are related to a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method.The present invention does not need to dispose reader with high costs on ground to collect the data of internet of things equipment, and unmanned plane is used as movable intelligence receiver, compared with conventional counter scatter communication system, the cost of the unmanned plane assisted backscatter communication system proposed is remarkably reduced, practicability with higher.Pass through simulating, verifying, transport protocol compared to existing unmanned plane " hovering-communication-flight " is compared, the transport protocol design of " communication of the side Bian Feihang " proposed by the invention is under the premise of guaranteeing each backscattering device throughput demand and collection of energy demand, the utilization efficiency of system capacity is significantly improved, solves the problems, such as that the data efficient of a large amount of inactive components in Internet of Things can be collected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of communication technology, are related to a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method.
Background technique
Internet of Things is the important application scene of 5G and future mobile communication system, various internet of things equipment usually the energy,
Cost and complexity etc. have strict demand, and inactive component will be play an important role in the following Internet of Things.Backscattering is logical
Letter is a kind of passive type communication technology, there is huge applications value in Internet of Things.Conventional counter scattering system (for example radio frequency is known
Other system) it include backscattering device and reader two large divisions.Wherein, passive type backscattering device is usually passive sets
Standby, circuit structure is simple, can complete the limited functions such as the acquisition, storage, backscatter transmission of data, and cost is significantly low
In active-mode active communication equipment；The back-scattered signal that reader is received by detection is realized to backscattering device number
According to reading.Backscattering device can be used for a part for receiving radiofrequency signal to collect energy, to meet itself circuit
Normal work；Using rest part as carrier wave, and self information is modulated in the carrier signal, with the side of backscattering
Formula is sent to reader.
Unmanned plane have the characteristics that high maneuverability, high flexibility, easily deployment immediately, influenced by topography and geomorphology it is small, all
It is multi-field to illustrate unique superiority.In terms of wireless communication, after natural calamity occurs or in emergency, ground communication
System facility, which may be damaged, to be led to not work normally, and can use unmanned plane to provide instant communication service；It utilizes
The characteristics of easily disposing immediately, unmanned plane can also increase the coverage area of original communication system, reduce unnecessary ground communication
Network node is laid with bring expense.Compared to traditional GCS Ground Communication System, equipped with communication function chip, device,
The unmanned plane of equipment can use its device high maneuverability, high flexibility preferably avoiding barrier in the sky, change itself and ground
Relative distance and position between the communication equipment of face, and then improve quality of wireless channel, promote communication performance.
Particularly, traditional ground backscatter scatter communication system, reader is integrated with carrier wave transmitter and information receives
The function of machine is limited to the extremely low efficiency of downlink energy transmission, and the coverage area of single reader is very limited, a wide range of portion
Many readers are needed under the scene of administration, the cost that causes to arrange net is high；Unmanned air vehicle technique can perfection make up it is above high-cost
Disadvantage is collected using the information that backscattering device in a wide range of may be implemented in the plurality of advantages of unmanned plane.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of using unmanned plane as the unmanned plane assisted backscatter of intelligence receiver the invention mainly includes proposing
Communication system is related to system composed structure, working principle and transport protocol, the design of unmanned plane path and system resource allocation
Method, to solve the problems, such as that the data efficient of a large amount of inactive components in the Internet of Things of ground can be collected.The present invention proposes unmanned plane auxiliary
Backscatter communication system, particularly suitable for extensive ground Internet of Things sensor/label information collect task.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: unmanned plane assisted backscatter communication system is motivated by multiple Terrestrial Radios
Source, multiple ground backscatter equipment and a unmanned plane composition；Wherein,
Each Terrestrial Radio driving source has 1 transmitting antenna for emitting radiofrequency signal, for backscattering
Equipment provides carrier wave and energy；
Each ground backscatter equipment has 1 antenna, and a part for receiving radiofrequency signal is used for energy
It collects, data is modulated on this part signal and then is reflected to unmanned plane for reflecting by another part；
The unmanned plane is equipped with chip, device or the equipment that can be used for communicating, and unmanned plane has 1 receiving antenna can be with
Then the signal for receiving the reflection of ground backscatter equipment demodulates the data for obtaining ground installation to it.
The basic functional principle of unmanned plane assisted backscatter communication system is can be with during unmanned plane flies in the sky
Different backscattering devices is communicated by the access way of time division multiplexing (TDMA).As shown in figure 3, corresponding " Bian Fei
The transport protocol of side communication " includes following steps:
S11: signal driving source emits radiofrequency signal；
S12: not being in collection of energy mode with the ground installation of UAV Communication, by the signal for receiving driving source transmitting
Energy is collected, without backscattering；
S13. the backscattering device communicated being established with unmanned plane, a part of signal received is used for collection of energy, it will
Another part signal is as the modulated rear progress backscattering of carrier wave；
S14. unmanned plane is communicated with the backscattering device on ground one by one, is decoded and is collected its data information.
S15. after task, unmanned plane returns to terminal.
Further, the driving source in the step S11 is active equipment, and position distribution can be arbitrary, transmitting
Power is no more than peak value PmaxAnd can be optimised, flight path design of the invention and system resource allocation are online lower progress
's；
Backscattering device is inactive component in the step S12, and position distribution can be arbitrarily, in duty cycle
The energy that backscattering device is collected into must satisfy the minimum energy requirement E of defaultmin, so that inactive component has abundance
Energy maintain the normal operation of internal circuit.
There are a known energy conversion efficiency η when backscattering device progress collection of energy in the step S13；And
When carrying out signal reflex, reflection coefficient of power can be optimised in resource allocation；
In the step S14, unmanned plane accesses unmanned plane in such a way that time division multiple acess accesses (TDMA) one by one, and at one
The uplink throughput of each backscattering device must assure that its minimum requirements Q in duty cyclemin；
In the step S15, unmanned plane completes the task of data collection, reaches home.It strictly presses the track of unmanned plane
According to the path flight designed under line, the relative position of (including flight path and flying speed) and ground installation is designed in path
And QminIt is closely related, and online lower progress.
The invention also includes the design of unmanned plane path and method for distributing system resource, set optimization aim as maximization system
Energy efficiency (Energy Efficiency, EE), the access matrix of combined optimization ground backscatter equipment to unmanned planeThe reflection coefficient of power of backscattering deviceThe transmission power distribution P of the driving source and flight path Q of unmanned plane.
Corresponding optimization problem is following problems (P2).
Q (0)=q (N) formula (6i)
Wherein, formula (6a) is the minimum throughout constraint of each backscattering device, and formula (6b) is each reversed scattered
The minimum collection energy constraint of jet device, formula (6c) is to ensure that the constraint of only one BD of any moment access unmanned plane, public
Formula (6d) is to access the 0/1 value constraint of indicator variable, and formula (6e) is the transmission power constraint in each RF excited source, public
Formula (6f) is the value range constraint of the reflection coefficient of power of each backscattering device, and formula (6g) is unmanned plane during flying
Maximum speed limitation, and formula (6h) is the constraint of starting point of flying back after unmanned plane completion task.
Problem (P2) solution throughway includes but is not limited to following methods.Problem (P2) is comprising coupling variable and non-convex constraint
The non-convex optimization problem of function can use alternative optimization (such as block coordinate decline (Block Coordinate respectively
Decent)) technology and convex near-optimal (such as convex row optimization (Successive Convex Optimization)) technology,
It is solved by efficient iterative algorithm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention does not need to dispose reader with high costs on ground to collect Internet of Things
The data of equipment, and unmanned plane is used as movable intelligence receiver, with conventional counter scatter communication system phase
Than the cost of the unmanned plane assisted backscatter communication system proposed is remarkably reduced, practicability with higher.It is logical
Simulating, verifying is crossed, the transport protocol compared to existing unmanned plane " hovering-communication-flight " is compared, proposed by the invention
The transport protocol design of " communication of the side Bian Feihang " is guaranteeing each backscattering device throughput demand and collection of energy demand
Under the premise of, the utilization efficiency of system capacity is significantly improved, the data efficient for solving a large amount of inactive components in Internet of Things can be collected
The problem of.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: the structural block diagram of unmanned plane assisted backscatter communication system；
Fig. 2: the module frame chart of backscattering device；
Fig. 3: unmanned plane " communication of side overlap " transport protocol flow chart；
Fig. 4: the system energy efficiency analogous diagram under path and resource optimization scheme；
Fig. 5: the number of time slot analogous diagram of each backscattering device access unmanned plane；
Fig. 6: the flight path analogous diagram of unmanned plane.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with simulated example with reference to the accompanying drawing, so that those skilled in the art can be more
Understand the present invention well.
As shown in Figure 1, unmanned plane assisted backscatter communication system includes that M Terrestrial Radio driving source, K ground are reversed
Scatter equipment and a unmanned plane.Each Terrestrial Radio driving source has 1 transmitting antenna for emitting radiofrequency signal, is used for
Carrier wave and energy are provided to backscattering device；Each ground backscatter equipment has 1 antenna, will receive radio frequency letter
Number a part be used for collection of energy, data is modulated on this part signal and then reflects for reflecting by another part
To unmanned plane；Unmanned plane flies in a certain fixed height, and is equipped with communication chip, device or equipment, and unmanned plane has 1
Receiving antenna can receive the signal of ground backscatter equipment reflection, and the data for obtaining ground installation are then demodulated to it.Instead
Unmanned plane is accessed by the way of TDMA to scattering equipment, can only there is a backscattering device and nobody in a time slot
It is communicated.In a duty cycle T, unmanned plane needs to collect the data information of all backscattering devices, and guarantees
The minimum handling capacity of each backscattering device and minimum collection energy requirement, final unmanned plane have returned to a certain place (as risen
Initial point).
As shown in Fig. 2, each backscattering device includes:
Backscatter antenna, for receiving and the radiofrequency signal in reflection environment；
Switching load realizes backscattered modulation for changing the load impedance of antenna；
Microcontroller, for controlling the communication process of backscattering device；
Signal processor carries out basic signal processing, such as the decoding etc. of control signal for backscattering device；
Energy collecting device, for collecting energy from the radiofrequency signal in environment and supplementing backscattering device using it
In be all module for power supply battery.
Other modules, including battery, memory, sensing.
Backscattering device modulates received radiofrequency signal by switching load impedance, to change its backscattering
The amplitude and/or phase of signal, and back-scattered signal is received and finally decoded by unmanned plane.
The basic functional principle of unmanned plane assisted backscatter communication system proposed by the invention be unmanned plane in the sky
It can be communicated with different backscattering devices by the access way of time division multiplexing (TDMA) during flight.Such as Fig. 3 institute
Show, the transport protocol of corresponding " communication of side overlap " includes following steps:
S11: signal driving source emits radiofrequency signal；
S12: not being in collection of energy mode with the ground installation of UAV Communication, by the signal for receiving driving source transmitting
Energy is collected, without backscattering；
S13. the backscattering device communicated being established with unmanned plane, a part of signal received is used for collection of energy, it will
Another part signal is as the modulated rear progress backscattering of carrier wave；
S14. unmanned plane is communicated with the backscattering device on ground one by one, collects its data information；
S15. after task, unmanned plane returns to terminal.
Further, the driving source in the step S11 is active equipment, and position distribution can be arbitrary, transmitting
Power is no more than peak value Pmax, and can be optimized by resource allocation methods, it is worth mentioning at this point that system resource of the invention
Distribution is online lower progress (elaborating hereinafter)；
Backscattering device is inactive component in the step S12, and position distribution can be arbitrarily, in duty cycle
The energy that backscattering device is collected into must satisfy the minimum energy requirement E of defaultmin, so that inactive component has abundance
Energy maintain the normal operation of internal circuit.Driving source and backscattering and there is pairing between equipment, any one is anti-
The signal that the driving source nearest apart from it emits can only be received to scattering equipment, and the signal from other driving sources can be with
Ignore；
There are a known energy conversion efficiency η when backscattering device progress collection of energy in the step S13；And
When carrying out signal reflex, reflection coefficient of power can be optimised in resource allocation；
In the step S14, unmanned plane accesses unmanned plane one by one in a manner of TDMA, and each in a duty cycle
The uplink throughput of backscattering device must assure that its minimum requirements Qmin.The phase of the path design and ground installation of unmanned plane
To position and QminIt is closely related；
In the step S15, unmanned plane completes the task of data collection, reaches home.It strictly presses the track of unmanned plane
According to the path flight designed under line, the relative position of (including flight path and flying speed) and ground installation is designed in path
And QminIt is closely related, and online lower progress；
In the following, the signal processing flow in data transmission phase is discussed in detail, and then proposes unmanned plane during flying path and be
The optimization method for resource allocation of uniting.
Backscattering device driving source nearest with it matches, for driving source m, with setExpression is matched with it
Pair backscattering device set, wherein
With q (t)=[x (t), y (t)]TM-th of driving source and k-th of backscattering device and unmanned plane are respectively indicated in two-dimensional surface
On position.Driving source all uses free sky to backscattering device and backscattering device to the channel between unmanned plane
Between path loss model, wherein βm,k(t)=β0/(H2+||wk-q(t)||2) indicate k-th of backscattering device to its matching
Pair m-th of driving source channel gain, β0It is path loss constant of the wireless channel on unit distance (i.e. 1 meter), H is
The fixed height (unit is rice) of unmanned plane during flying, βk(t)=β0/||wk-um||2Indicate k-th of backscattering device to nobody
The channel gain of machine.In addition, Pm(t) transmission power of m-th of driving source, the transmission power vector note of all driving sources are indicated
For P (t)=[P1(t),…,Pm(t)]。 Indicate the kth matched in moment t and m-th of driving source
The reflection coefficient of power of the reflection coefficient of power of a backscattering device, all backscattering devices in ground is denoted asThe efficiency of energy collection η of k-th of backscattering devicem∈ [0,1] is indicated.Therefore in entire duty cycle
In T, energy that k-th of backscattering device is collected into are as follows:
In moment t, with binary variable am,k(t) [0,1] ∈,Indicate the kth with the pairing of m-th of driving source
Whether a backscattering device with unmanned plane establishes communication link, wherein am,k(t)=1 indicate that it is just being led to unmanned plane
Believe, otherwise am,k(t)=0.Use matrixWhether all backscattering devices in ground are indicated as indicator variable
It is communicated with unmanned plane.Due to being accessed by the way of TDMA between ground installation and unmanned plane, t is up at any time
The backscattering device on one ground is communicated with unmanned plane, i.e., need to meet constraint
Additive white Gaussian noise power at UAV signal receiver is σ2.In entire duty cycle T, k-th of backscattering device
Unit bandwidth handling capacity (bit/Hz) may be expressed as:
The energy consumption of unmanned plane includes communication energy consumption and promotes energy consumption, but communication energy consumption far smaller than pushes away in real system
Into energy consumption.Wherein, communication energy consumption is related to signal processing and telecommunication circuit work；Promote energy consumption for keeping unmanned plane in sky
Middle hovering or flight are related to the speed of unmanned plane, self attributes and environmental factor.V (t) indicates the flight speed of unmanned plane
Degree, the propeller power of unmanned plane may be expressed as:
Other parameters P in formula (3)0,Pi, v0, d0, θ, s and A are consolidating in unmanned plane energy consumption model
Determine parameter and (is detailed in bibliography " Y.Zeng, J.Xu, and R.Zhang, " Energy minimization for wireless
communication with rotary-wing UAV,”IEEE Transactions on Wireless
Communications, vol.18, no.4, pp.2329-2345, April 2019 " and " A.R.S.Bramwell, G.Done,
and D.Balmford,Bramwell’s Helicopter Dynamics,2nd ed. American Institute of
Aeronautics&Ast (AIAA), 2001 "), self attributes and environmental correclation with unmanned plane.
For communication system designed by the present invention, in view of all ground backscatters are set within a duty cycle
Standby handling capacity, the transmission power of all ground driving sources and the propulsion energy consumption of unmanned plane, the energy efficiency of the communication system
(Energy Efficiency, EE) can be indicated are as follows:
Further, the present invention also provides the optimization methods of flight path and Resource Allocation Formula.To maximize system
Energy efficiency is target, four groups of variables of combined optimization, the access matrix A (t) including ground backscatter equipment to unmanned plane,
The reflection coefficient of power B (t) of backscattering device, the flight path q of transmission power distribution P (t) and unmanned plane of driving source
(t).Specific optimization problem (P1) is as follows:
Q (0)=q (T) (formula 5h)
Wherein, formula (5a) is the minimum throughout constraint of each backscattering device, and formula (5b) is each reversed scattered
The minimum collection energy constraint of jet device, formula (5c) is to ensure that the constraint of only one BD of any moment access unmanned plane, public
Formula (5d) is to access the 0/1 value constraint of indicator variable, and formula (5e) is the transmission power constraint in each RF excited source, public
Formula (5f) is the value range constraint of the reflection coefficient of power of each backscattering device, and formula (5g) is unmanned plane during flying
Maximum speed limitation, and formula (5h) is the constraint of starting point of flying back after unmanned plane completion task.
It is the non-convex optimization problem comprising coupling variable, continuous time integral and non-convex constraint function in problem (P1).
To make problem (P1) become prone to handle, the present invention is first by problem discretization in time, i.e., discrete by cycle of operation T
At N number of time slot, length T in unoccupied place when eachs=T/N；It is a pole of former problem into the problem after excessively discrete when N is sufficiently big
Good approximation can be expressed as (P2):
Q (0)=q (N) (formula 6i)
Similar with problem (P1), the formula (6a) of problem (P2) is the minimum throughout constraint of each backscattering device,
Formula (6b) is the minimum collection energy constraint of each backscattering device, formula (6c) be to ensure that any moment only one
BD accesses the constraint of unmanned plane, and formula (6d) is the 0/1 value constraint for accessing indicator variable, and formula (6e) is that each radio frequency swashs
The transmission power constraint in source is encouraged, formula (6f) is the value range constraint of the reflection coefficient of power of each backscattering device, public
Formula (6g) is the maximum speed limitation of unmanned plane during flying, and formula (6h) is the pact of starting point of flying back after unmanned plane completion task
Beam.
Problem (P2) is still the non-convex optimization problem comprising coupling variable and non-convex constraint function, can be utilized respectively friendship
For optimization (such as block coordinate decline (Block Coordinate Decent)) technology and convex near-optimal, (such as convex row optimizes
(Successive Convex Optimization)) technology, it is solved by efficient iterative algorithm.
Verify beneficial effects of the present invention below by emulation experiment, consider K=40 backscattering device (BD) with
Machine is distributed in 112 × 112m2Ground region in, while M=16 signal driving source being distributed in the region.Unmanned plane
Flying height is set as H=10 meters, the maximum flying speed V of unmanned planemax, the additive white Gaussian noise function of unmanned plane receiver
Rate is σ2=-90dBm.The duty cycle of unmanned plane is T=90s, is divided into N=360 time slot, and the length of each time slot is Ts=
The maximum transmission power of T/N=0.45s, driving source are set as Pmax=6W, the β under the frequency band of 900MHz0=-30dB, resource
The convergence threshold for distributing optimization algorithm is ε=10-4, the energy conversion efficiency of all ground backscatter equipment is set as ηk=
0.5, minimum requirements and its handling capacity minimum requirements that the energy that all backscattering devices are collected into is arranged are identical, The convergence algorithm is at most passed through 20 times and can be restrained in simulations.
For the reference scheme for convenient for comparing performance, considering a kind of existing " hovering-communication-is flown again ": i.e. unmanned plane according to
It is secondary it is static hover over K position, only communicated with single backscattering device on each position.Hovering position and hovering
Time is obtained by optimization method.
Fig. 4 is shown when fixationWhen, the maximum power efficiency and backscattering device that optimize
By the minimum throughput demands of required satisfactionBetween variation relation.Compared with the reference scheme of " hovering-communication-is flown again ",
" communication of the side Bian Feihang " design scheme of the invention is able to ascend system energy efficiency at least 200%.Even if
When, the system energy efficiency under the present invention program has slight fading, is 0.243, but compared to " hovering-communication-flies again
The system energy efficiency of row " scheme is 0.085, promotes still highly significant.
Fig. 5 is shown when fixation Value be respectively 1bit/Hz, when 2bit/Hz, 4bit/Hz,
The number of time slots of each backscattering device access unmanned plane in scheme designed by the present invention.Fig. 6 is shown designed by the present invention
Unmanned plane during flying path.It can be seen that the number of time slots of ground backscatter equipment access unmanned plane not in conjunction with Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
Equal, the time of backscattering device access in general close from driving source is longer, such as the 3rd, 15,21,30 in figure
Backscattering device.In addition, the relative position distribution between backscattering device and driving source directly affects the flight of unmanned plane
Track.Such as the n-th=190~235 time slots in Fig. 6, when the minimum throughput demand of backscattering device is smallerIt is maximized to enable the system to amount efficiency, unmanned plane flies towards the 30th backscattering device, then flies
From.Increase however as the minimum throughput demand of backscattering device,For 2bit/Hz, 4bit/Hz, unmanned plane it is this
Flight trend can weaken, and otherwise the minimum throughput demand of each backscattering device can not be guaranteed.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method, which is characterized in that the unmanned plane auxiliary is reversed to be dissipated
Communication system is penetrated to be made of multiple Terrestrial Radio driving sources, multiple ground backscatter equipment and a unmanned plane；Wherein,
Each Terrestrial Radio driving source has 1 transmitting antenna can be to reversed for emitting radiofrequency signal, radiofrequency signal
It scatters equipment and carrier wave and energy is provided；
Each ground backscatter equipment has 1 antenna, and a part for receiving radiofrequency signal is used for collection of energy,
For another part for reflecting, data is modulated on the signal for being used for reflecting and then is reflected to nothing by ground backscatter equipment
It is man-machine；
The unmanned plane is equipped with chip, device or equipment for communication, and there is unmanned plane 1 receiving antenna can receive ground
The signal of face backscattering device reflection, then demodulates the data for obtaining ground installation to it；
Led to different ground backscatter equipment by time-multiplexed access way during unmanned plane flies in the sky
Letter, transport protocol of the unmanned plane in flight course with ground backscatter equipment are as follows:
S11: Terrestrial Radio driving source emits radiofrequency signal；
S12: not being in collection of energy mode with the ground counter-directional device of UAV Communication, by receiving Terrestrial Radio driving source hair
The signal collection energy penetrated, without backscattering；
S13. the ground backscatter equipment communicated being established with unmanned plane, a part of signal received is used for collection of energy, it will
Another part signal is as the modulated rear progress backscattering of carrier wave；
S14. unmanned plane is communicated with ground backscatter equipment one by one, is decoded and is collected its data information；
S15. after task, unmanned plane returns to terminal.
2. a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating Terrestrial Radio driving source is active equipment, and position distribution is arbitrary, and transmission power is no more than setting peak value PmaxAnd it can quilt
Optimization.
3. a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In the ground backscatter equipment is inactive component, and position distribution is arbitrary, and backscattering device is received in duty cycle
The energy collected must satisfy the minimum energy requirement E of defaultmin。
4. a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that institute
State ground backscatter equipment carry out collection of energy when there are a known energy conversion efficiency η；And carrying out signal reflex
When, reflection coefficient of power can be optimised in resource allocation.
5. a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that institute
It states unmanned plane and accesses unmanned plane, and each backscattering device in a duty cycle one by one in a manner of time division multiple acess access
Uplink throughput must assure that its minimum requirements Qmin。
6. a kind of unmanned plane assisted backscatter Communication System Design method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also
Including the design of unmanned plane path and method for distributing system resource, optimization aim is set as the energy efficiency EE of maximization system, is joined
Close the access matrix for optimizing ground backscattering device to unmanned planeThe reflection coefficient of power of backscattering deviceExcitation
The transmission power distribution P in the source and flight path Q of unmanned plane, establishes following optimization problem:
Q (0)=q (N) formula (6i)
Wherein, formula (6b) is the minimum throughout of each backscattering deviceConstraint, formula (6c) is each backscattering
The minimum collection energy of equipmentConstraint, formula (6d) are to ensure that only one ground backscatter of any moment accesses nobody
The constraint of machine, formula (6e) are the 0/1 value constraints for accessing indicator variable, and formula (6f) is the maximum hair in each RF excited source
Send power PmaxConstraint, formula (6g) are the value range constraint of the reflection coefficient of power of each backscattering device, formula (6h)
It is the maximum speed V of unmanned plane during flyingmaxLimitation, and formula (6i) is the constraint of starting point of flying back after unmanned plane completion task；
N is the timeslot number after cycle of operation T is discrete, and the length of each time slot is Ts=T/N, M are Terrestrial Radio driving source quantity, k
Refer to k backscattering device,Indicate the set with the ground backscatter equipment of m-th of Terrestrial Radio driving source pairing,
Binary variable am,k(n) ∈ [0,1] indicate in k-th of backscattering device that n-th of time slot is matched with m-th of driving source be
No and unmanned plane establishes communication link, wherein am,k(n)=1 indicate that it is just being communicated with unmanned plane, otherwise am,k(n)=0,
βm,kFor the channel gain for m-th of driving source that k-th of backscattering device matches to it, β0Wireless channel unit away from
From upper path loss constant, umAnd wkM-th of driving source and k-th of backscattering device and unmanned plane are respectively indicated in two dimension
Position in plane, Pm(n) transmission power of m-th of driving source, b are indicatedm,k(n) indicate in time slot n with m-th of driving source
The reflection coefficient of power of k-th of backscattering device of pairing, H are the fixed height of unmanned plane during flying, and q (n) indicates unmanned plane
Center in time slot n, σ2For the power of the additive white Gaussian noise at UAV signal receiver, V (n) is unmanned plane
Flying speed, P0,Pi, v0, d0, θ, s and A are the preset parameter in unmanned plane energy consumption model, and η is that ground is reversed
Scatter the efficiency of energy collection of equipment.
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