CN112467891B - IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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Abstract
The invention discloses an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and an efficiency optimization method thereof, belongs to the technical field of wireless charging, and aims to solve the problem that an inductive wireless power supply system is low in efficiency under a light load condition. Which comprises the following steps: a. establishing an IPT system fundamental wave equivalent model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching; b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching; c. and analyzing an SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching. The method can switch the system into a half-bridge inversion mode and a full-bridge inversion mode when the system works under light load and heavy load, and can effectively improve the energy transmission efficiency under the light load condition. The invention is suitable for the IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and an efficiency optimization method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless charging, and particularly relates to an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and an efficiency optimization method thereof.
Background
The inductive wireless energy transfer (Inductance Power Transfer, IPT) technology is a power supply mode for realizing energy from a power supply to a load through magnetic coupling based on an electromagnetic field as a transmission medium. IPT technology was first proposed by the american academy of technology, m.soljacic, professor and its research team, and was reviewed by the american academy of technology in 2008 as one of the ten emerging technologies affecting future development. The technology opens up a new direction for wireless power supply research, and causes research hotness for students and enterprises in related fields at home and abroad. In recent years, research on IPT technology has achieved a certain result, and because of the advantages of safety, reliability and flexibility, the IPT technology has been widely used in the fields of electric automobiles, medical electronic equipment, consumer electronics and the like, and provides an efficient and reliable technical path for non-contact power supply and battery wireless charging of electric equipment.
The IPT system mainly comprises an inverter, a resonant network, a magnetic coupling mechanism and a rectifier. In most application occasions, due to the change of power requirements of electric equipment or the change of battery charging states, the change range of system load is extremely large, and the receiving end converter needs to be dynamically closed-loop controlled to adapt to the output power and voltage requirements of the system. Meanwhile, in order to improve the economy and the high efficiency of the IPT system, the system volume and the energy transmission efficiency are considered while the output power and the voltage requirements of the system are met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: in order to solve the problem that an inductive wireless power supply system is low in efficiency under a light load condition, an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and an efficiency optimization method thereof are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching comprises a DC side voltage source U in The transmitting end comprises a full-bridge inverter consisting of four MOS tubes, and Q 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 、Q 4 Four MOS tube switch signals respectively of the transmitting end, Q 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 、Q 4 The switching frequency of (a) is f, and a capacitor C serving as a third bridge arm is connected in parallel with the transmitting end l1 Capacitance C l2 The transmitting end is also electrically connected with a switch S, the switch S is controlled to be turned on/off to realize the switching of the full-bridge half-bridge inverter, the receiving end comprises an active rectifier consisting of four MOS tubes, and the receiving end comprises Q 5 、Q 6 、Q 7 、Q 8 The four MOS tube switch signals are respectively the receiving ends, Q 5 、Q 6 、Q 7 、Q 8 The switching frequency of (a) is f, and the receiving end is also electrically connected with a direct-current side filter capacitor C d And a system load resistor R, and also comprises a transmitting coil self-inductance L 1 Self-inductance L of receiving coil 2 Mutual inductance M between transmitting coil and receiving coil, self-inductance compensation capacitance C of transmitting coil 1 Compensating capacitor C for self-inductance of receiving coil 2 Compensating capacitor C 1 And compensation capacitor C 2 The compensation network of (2) adopts a series resonance type compensation network structure.
An IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching comprises the following steps:
a. establishing an IPT system fundamental wave equivalent model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
c. and analyzing an SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching.
Further, the step of establishing the equivalent model in the step a is as follows:
step 1, listing a matrix equation according to a fundamental wave equivalent circuit:
step 3, calculating current expressions of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil:
step 4, calculating the output direct-current voltage of the rectifier as follows:
step 5, calculating the input direct current of the rectifier as follows:
step 6, calculating equivalent impedance Z L Is that
Further, the step of analyzing the efficiency model in the step b is as follows:
step 1, calculating the output voltage U of the full-bridge inverter 1 And output current I 1 ：
step 3, calculating the output voltage U of the half-bridge inverter 1 And output current I 1 ：
Step 4, calculating the current I in the coils of the transmitting end and the receiving end in the half-bridge inverter mode 1 And I 2 Is of the size of (2):
further, the step of controlling the policy analysis in the step c is as follows:
step 1. In full bridge inverter mode, when the system outputs voltage U out When the phase shift angle alpha is constant, the phase shift angle alpha of the rectifier is calculated as follows:
in summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the system inverter is switched between the full-bridge and the half-bridge according to the working condition (heavy load/light load) of the system, so that the switching loss and the coil loss of the system inverter under the light load condition are reduced, and the energy transmission efficiency of the system is improved. To adjust the system gain. The system reduces the switching loss of the active rectifier and the reactive component of the system current under the light load condition while guaranteeing the output power and the voltage of the system. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional IPT system, the IPT system provided by the invention can effectively improve the energy transmission efficiency of the system under the condition of wide load range, and provides good reference for the design of the IPT system.
2. According to the invention, the ZVS operation of the system converter is realized while the stability of the output voltage of the system is maintained by controlling the phase shift angle of the active rectifier at the receiving end and the phase angle difference of the variable voltage and the variable current.
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For a clearer description of the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered limiting in scope, and other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
FIG. 2 is an IPT system fundamental equivalent circuit diagram based on SS compensation topology;
fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of an ac voltage current and a driving signal of a converter of the SS compensation IPT system.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: reference numerals and letters denote similar items throughout the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; the mechanical connection can be made or the electrical connection can be made; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication between the two original parts. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
An IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching comprises the following steps:
a. establishing an IPT system fundamental wave equivalent model for basic full-bridge half-bridge switching;
b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
c. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
further, the step of establishing the fundamental wave equivalent model of the IPT system for switching the basic full-bridge and half-bridge in the step a is as follows:
series compensation IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge inversion switching is shown in FIG. 1, U in The transmitting end adopts a full-bridge inverter consisting of four MOS tubes as a direct-current side voltage source, Q 1 -Q 4 For its switching signal, the switching frequency is f. Two capacitors C connected in parallel on the left side l1 、C l2 And the point a of the left MOS tube bridge arm is connected with the midpoint of the capacitor bridge arm through a switch S. The on/off of the switch S can be controlled to realize the switching of the full-bridge half-bridge inverter. L (L) 1 、L 2 The self inductance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is respectively, and M is the mutual inductance between the two coils. C (C) 1 、C 2 And the self-inductance compensation capacitors of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are respectively adopted, and the compensation network adopts a series resonance type (SS) compensation network structure. The receiving end adopts an active rectifier which is also composed of four MOS tubes, Q 5 -Q 8 For its switching signal, the switching frequency is f. C (C) d The filter capacitor is a direct-current side filter capacitor, and R is a system load resistor.
The fundamental wave model of the alternating current side of the SS compensation IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge inversion can be equivalent to the same circuit in two working modes, as shown in figure 2.
When L 1 、L 2 And C 1 、C 2 When respectively resonating, the relation between the resonant network parameters and the switching frequency satisfies the following conditions:
neglecting parasitic resistance and switching loss, the matrix equation can be listed according to the fundamental equivalent circuit:
the impedance matrix of the equation set consists of the self-impedance and the transimpedance of each loop:
wherein ω=2pi f is the system operating angular frequency, Z L Is the load equivalent impedance. Substituting equation (3) into equation (2) can result in the current expressions of the transmit coil and the receive coil:
the voltage current waveforms at the transmitting and receiving ends of the system and the driving waveforms of the inverter and the rectifier are shown in fig. 3. The receiving end adopts an active rectifier, and the input end voltage and current are expressed as:
wherein U is 2 Is u 2 Voltage effective value of I 2 Is i 2 Is a current effective value phi v Is the phase angle difference between the output voltage of the inverter and the input voltage of the rectifier; phi (phi) i Is the phase angle difference between the output current of the inverter and the input current of the rectifier, and the relationship between the phase angle difference is:
where β is the phase angle difference between the inverter output voltage and current. In addition, by controlling the phase shift angle α between the left and right legs of the rectifier to adjust the magnitude of the output voltage, the rectifier output dc voltage can be expressed as:
to reduce IPT system switching losses, a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) state may be achieved by adjusting the phase angle difference β of the rectifier input voltage current, at which point the rectifier input dc current may be expressed as:
wherein, in order to ensure the soft switching state of the switching tube, beta and alpha should satisfy:
from equation (10), to achieve a wide range of ZVS, the phase angle difference β needs to increase as the rectifier phase shift angle α increases. However, an increase in β results in an increase in reactive current at the transmitting end, reducing the energy transfer efficiency of the system. When β=α/2, the minimum phase angle difference just required to achieve ZVS operation will be based on this analysis in the modeling that follows. At this time, Z L Can be expressed as:
further, the step of analyzing the SS compensated IPT system model based on the full bridge inverter in the step b is as follows:
depending on the state of the switch S, the inverter will operate in two modes. When S is disconnected, Q 1 ～Q 4 When four complementary PWM waveforms are output, the inverter operates in a full-bridge inverter mode. Let the inverter output voltage phase be the reference phase, then its output voltage current is:
wherein U is 1 Is u 1 Voltage effective value of I 1 Is i 1 Is a current effective value of (a). When the primary side and the secondary side of the system are completely resonant, the phase angle difference between the input voltage and the current of the rectifier is also beta. U (U) 1 And I 1 The size of (2) can be calculated by the following formula:
substituting the formula (11), the formula (14) and the formula (15) into the formula (4) to obtain the current I in the coils of the transmitting end and the receiving end 1 And I 2 Is of the size of (2):
when S is closed, Q 2 And Q 4 Outputs two complementary PWM waveforms, Q 1 And Q 3 The inverter operates in a half-bridge inverter mode when the signals of the inverter are latched. At this time, U 1 And I 1 The size of (2) can be calculated by the following formula:
substituting the formula (18) and the formula (19) into the formula (4) can obtain the current I in the coils of the transmitting end and the receiving end 1 And I 2 Is of the size of (2):
further, the step of analyzing the half-bridge inverter-based SS compensated IPT system model in the step c is as follows:
as can be understood from equations (6), (8), (11) and (14), when the system outputs voltage U out When the phase shift angle alpha is constant, a calculation formula of the phase shift angle alpha of the rectifier can be obtained:
from equations (16) and (17), it can be seen that in order to maintain the system output voltage U out The rectifier phase shift angle alpha will increase with increasing load resistance R, while the transmitting end coil current I 1 Will decrease with increasing load resistance R.
As can be understood from equations (6), (8), (11) and (18), when the system outputs voltage U out When the phase shift angle alpha is constant, a calculation formula of the phase shift angle alpha of the rectifier can be obtained:
as can be seen from (21), when the inverter is operated in the half-bridge inverter mode, the system output voltage U is satisfied out Under the condition that the phase shift angle alpha of the rectifier is smaller than that when the inverter works in a full-bridge inverter mode, and further, the switching loss and the coil loss of the system are also smaller.
In the implementation of the invention, when the inverter is operated in the full-bridge inverter modeThe system can obtain larger receiving end coil current I 2 The method is suitable for a heavy load output mode of the IPT system; however, when the system is in a light load condition, α and β need to be increased to adapt to the power output requirement of the system, which will increase the power loss of the system in the light load condition; while the inverter is operating in half-bridge inverter mode, the receiving end coil current I 2 The system power loss under the light load condition of the system can be effectively reduced, but the maximum output power of the system is smaller at the moment. In order to ensure the power requirement of the system under the heavy load condition and improve the energy transmission efficiency of the system under the light load condition, the working mode of the inverter can be switched, the full-bridge inverter mode is adopted during heavy load, and the half-bridge inverter mode is adopted during light load.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention. The foregoing description is illustrative of various preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the preferred embodiments of the various preferred embodiments may be used in any combination and stacked on the premise of a certain preferred embodiment, where the embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for clearly describing the verification process of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is still subject to the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by applying the descriptions and the drawings of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. establishing an IPT system fundamental wave equivalent model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
c. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
the step of establishing the equivalent model in the step a is as follows:
step 1, listing a matrix equation according to a fundamental wave equivalent circuit:
step 2, calculating an impedance matrix of an equation set according to the self impedance and the transimpedance of each loop:
step 3, calculating current expressions of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil:
step 4, calculating the output direct-current voltage of the rectifier as follows:
step 5, calculating the input direct current of the rectifier as follows:
step 6, calculating equivalent impedance Z L Is that
The step of efficiency model analysis in the step b is as follows:
step 1, calculating the output voltage U of the full-bridge inverter 1 And output current I 1 ：
Step 2, calculating the current I in the coils of the transmitting end and the receiving end in the full-bridge inverter mode 1 And I 2 Is of the size of (2):
step 3, calculating the output voltage U of the half-bridge inverter 1 And output current I 1 ：
Step 4, calculating the current I in the coils of the transmitting end and the receiving end in the half-bridge inverter mode 1 And I 2 Is of the size of (2):
the control strategy analysis in the step c comprises the following steps:
step 1. In full bridge inverter mode, when the system outputs voltage U out When the phase shift angle alpha is constant, the phase shift angle alpha of the rectifier is calculated as follows:
step 2, in half-bridge inverter mode, when the system outputs voltage U out When constant, calculate the wholeThe phase shift angle α of the streamer is:
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| CN115863033B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-06-23 | 东北林业大学 | Orthogonal magnetic coupling mechanism and reconfigurable wireless charging system with adjustable output and good anti-offset performance realized by adjustable inductor |
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