CN112467891A - IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and efficiency optimization method thereof - Google Patents
IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and efficiency optimization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
Abstract
The invention discloses an IPT (inductive power transfer) system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and an efficiency optimization method thereof, belongs to the technical field of wireless charging, and aims to solve the problem that an inductive wireless power supply system is low in efficiency under a light load condition. Which comprises the following steps: a. establishing an IPT system fundamental equivalent model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching; b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching; c. and analyzing a SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching. The method can switch the system into a half-bridge inversion mode and a full-bridge inversion mode when the system works under light load and heavy load, and can effectively improve the energy transmission efficiency under the condition of light load. The invention is suitable for the IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and the efficiency optimization method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless charging, and particularly relates to an IPT (inductive power transfer) system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and an efficiency optimization method thereof.
Background
An Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology is a Power supply mode for realizing energy from a Power supply to a load through a magnetic coupling effect based on an electromagnetic field as a transmission medium. IPT was originally proposed by professor m.soljacic of the american academy of labor for martial arts and its research team, and was reviewed by the american academy of labor for martial arts in 2008 as one of ten new emerging technologies affecting future development. The technology develops a new direction for the research of wireless power supply, and causes the research enthusiasm of scholars and enterprises in related fields at home and abroad. In recent years, IPT technology has been studied with certain achievements, and because of its advantages of safety, reliability and flexibility, it has been widely used in the fields of electric vehicles, medical electronic devices, consumer electronics, etc., and provides an efficient and reliable technical path for non-contact power supply and battery wireless charging of electric devices.
The IPT system mainly comprises an inverter, a resonant network, a magnetic coupling mechanism and a rectifier. In most application occasions, due to the change of the power requirement of the electric equipment or the change of the charging state of the battery, the change range of the system load is very large, and the current transformer at the receiving end needs to be subjected to dynamic closed-loop control to adapt to the output power and voltage requirements of the system. Meanwhile, in order to improve the economy and the efficiency of the IPT system, the system volume and the energy transmission efficiency are considered emphatically while the requirements of the system output power and the system voltage are met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problem that an induction type wireless power supply system is low in efficiency under a light load condition, an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching and an efficiency optimization method thereof are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching comprises a direct current side voltage source UinThe transmitting end comprises a full-bridge inverter consisting of four MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes and a Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4Four MOS tube switching signals, Q, being transmitting terminals respectively1、Q2、Q3、Q4With a switching frequency f, the transmitting end being connected in parallel with a capacitor C for acting as a third bridge arml1Capacitor Cl2The transmitting end is also electrically connected with a switch S for controlling the on/off of the switch S to realize the switching of the full-bridge half-bridge inverter, and the receiving end comprises an active rectifier consisting of four MOS tubes and a Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8For switching signals, Q, of four MOS transistors at the receiving end5、Q6、Q7、Q8The switching frequency of the receiving end is f, and the receiving end is also electrically connected with a direct current side filter capacitor CdAnd a system load resistor R, and a self-inductance L of the transmitting coil1Self-inductance L of receiving coil2Mutual inductance M between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, compensation capacitance C of the transmitter coil self-inductance1Self-inductive compensation capacitor C of receiving coil2Compensating capacitor C1And a compensation capacitor C2The compensation network of (2) adopts a series resonance type compensation network structure.
An IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching comprises the following steps:
a. establishing an IPT system fundamental equivalent model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
c. and analyzing a SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching.
Further, the step of establishing the equivalent model in the step a is as follows:
step 1, listing a matrix equation according to a fundamental equivalent circuit:
and 3, calculating the current expressions of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil:
and 4, calculating the output direct-current voltage of the rectifier as follows:
and 5, calculating the input direct current of the rectifier as follows:
step 6, calculating the equivalent impedance ZLIs composed of
Further, the step of analyzing the efficiency model in the step b is as follows:
step 1, calculating the output voltage U of the full-bridge inverter1And an output current I1：
step 3, calculating the output voltage U of the half-bridge inverter1And an output current I1：
Step 4, calculating the current I in the coils of the transmitting end and the receiving end in the half-bridge inverter mode1And I2The size of (2):
further, the step of analyzing the control strategy in step c is as follows:
step 1, in the full-bridge inverter mode, when the system outputs a voltage UoutAt constant, the rectifier phase shift angle α is calculated as:
in summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the system inverter is switched between the full-bridge half-bridge according to the working condition (heavy load/light load) of the system, so that the switching loss and the coil loss of the system converter under the light load condition are reduced, and the energy transmission efficiency of the system is improved. To adjust the system gain. The system ensures the output power and voltage of the system, and reduces the switching loss of the active rectifier and the reactive component of the system current under the condition of light load. The experimental result shows that compared with the traditional IPT system, the IPT system can effectively improve the energy transmission efficiency of the system under the condition of wide load range, and provides good reference for the design of the IPT system.
2. In the invention, the ZVS operation of the system converter is realized while the output voltage of the system is kept stable by controlling the phase shift angle of the receiving end active rectifier and the phase angle difference of the converter voltage and the converter current.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort, wherein:
fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
FIG. 2 is a fundamental wave equivalent circuit diagram of an IPT system based on SS compensation topology;
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of an AC voltage current and a converter driving signal of the SS compensation IPT system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: reference numerals and letters designate similar items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when in use, and are simply used for simplifying the description of the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; mechanical connection or electrical connection can be realized; the two original pieces can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the two original pieces can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
An IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching comprises the following steps:
a. establishing an IPT system fundamental equivalent model switched by a basic full-bridge half-bridge;
b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
c. analyzing a SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
further, the step of establishing the basic full-bridge half-bridge switching IPT system fundamental equivalent model in the step a is as follows:
a series compensation IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge inversion switching is shown in figure 1, UinThe transmitting end of the direct current side voltage source adopts a full-bridge inverter composed of four MOS tubes, Q1-Q4For its switching signal, the switching frequency is f. Two capacitors C connected in parallel on the left sidel1、Cl2As a third leg, whereinThe point a of the left MOS tube bridge arm is connected with the midpoint of the capacitor bridge arm through a switch S. The on/off of the switch S can be controlled to achieve switching of the full bridge half bridge inverter. L is1、L2The self-inductance of the transmitting coil and the self-inductance of the receiving coil are respectively, and M is the mutual inductance between the two coils. C1、C2The compensation capacitors are self-inductance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil respectively, and the compensation network adopts a series-resonance (SS) compensation network structure. The receiving end adopts an active rectifier Q composed of four MOS tubes5-Q8For its switching signal, the switching frequency is f. CdThe filter capacitor is a direct current side filter capacitor, and R is a system load resistor.
In two operating modes, the SS compensation IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge inversion can be equivalent to the same circuit by the fundamental wave model on the alternating current side, as shown in fig. 2.
When L is1、L2And C1、C2When the resonant circuits respectively resonate, the relation between the resonant network parameters and the switching frequency meets the following requirements:
neglecting parasitic resistance and switching loss, the matrix equation can be listed according to the equivalent circuit of the fundamental wave:
the impedance matrix of the system of equations consists of the self and mutual impedances of the loops:
where ω 2 π f is the system operating angular frequency, ZLIs the load equivalent impedance. By substituting equation (3) for equation (2), the current expressions of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil can be obtained:
the voltage and current waveforms at the transmitting and receiving ends of the system and the driving waveforms of the inverter and rectifier are shown in fig. 3. The receiving end adopts an active rectifier, and the voltage and the current of the input end are represented as follows:
wherein, U2Is u2Effective value of voltage of (I)2Is i2Effective value of current ofvIs the phase angle difference between the inverter output voltage and the rectifier input voltage; phi is aiIs the phase angle difference between the output current of the inverter and the input current of the rectifier, and the relationship between the phase angle difference and the input current of the rectifier is as follows:
wherein β is a phase angle difference between the inverter output voltage and the current. In addition, the amplitude of the output voltage is adjusted by controlling the phase shift angle α between the left and right bridge arms of the rectifier, and the output dc voltage of the rectifier can be expressed as:
to reduce the switching loss of the IPT system, a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) state can be realized by adjusting the phase angle difference β of the voltage current at the input end of the rectifier, and at this time, the input direct current of the rectifier can be expressed as:
wherein, to ensure the soft switching state of the switch tube, beta and alpha should satisfy:
as can be seen from equation (10), to achieve a wide range of ZVS, the phase angle difference β needs to increase as the rectifier phase shift angle α increases. However, an increase in β may result in an increase in reactive current at the transmitting end, reducing the system energy transfer efficiency. When β ═ α/2, exactly the minimum phase angle difference required to achieve ZVS operation, in the modeling that follows, will be based on this analysis. At this time, ZLCan be expressed as:
further, the step of analyzing the SS compensation IPT system model based on the full-bridge inverter in the step b is as follows:
depending on the state of the switch S, the inverter will operate in two modes. When S is disconnected, Q1～Q4When four paths of complementary PWM waveforms are output, the inverter works in a full-bridge inverter mode. When the phase of the output voltage of the inverter is the reference phase, the output voltage current is:
wherein, U1Is u1Effective value of voltage of (I)1Is i1The effective value of the current. When the primary side and the secondary side of the system are completely resonant, the phase angle difference between the input voltage and the current of the rectifier is also beta. U shape1And I1The magnitude of (d) can be calculated by:
the formula (11), the formula (14) and the formula (15) are substituted for the formula (4), so that the current I in the coils of the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal can be obtained1And I2The size of (2):
when S is closed, Q2And Q4Outputting two complementary PWM waveforms, Q1And Q3When the signals are locked, the inverter operates in a half-bridge inverter mode. At this time, U1And I1The magnitude of (d) can be calculated by:
by substituting the formula (18) and the formula (19) for the formula (4), the current I in the coil of the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal can be obtained1And I2The size of (2):
further, the step of analyzing the SS compensation IPT system model based on the half-bridge inverter in the step c is as follows:
the system output voltage U can be obtained by solving the equations (6), (8), (11) and (14)outAt constant time, the calculation formula of the rectifier phase shift angle alpha can be obtained:
as can be seen from equations (16) and (17), in order to maintain the system output voltage UoutWill increase with increasing load resistance R, while the transmitter side coil current I1Will decrease with increasing load resistance R.
The system output voltage U can be obtained by solving the equations (6), (8), (11) and (18)outAt constant time, the calculation formula of the rectifier phase shift angle alpha can be obtained:
from equation (21), it can be seen that the inverter satisfies the system output voltage U when operating in the half-bridge inverter modeoutUnder the condition, the rectifier phase shift angle alpha is smaller than that when the inverter works in a full-bridge inverter mode, and further the system switching loss and the coil loss are also smaller.
In the implementation process of the invention, when the inverter works in a full-bridge inverter mode, the system can obtain larger receiving end coil current I2The method is suitable for a heavy-load output mode of the IPT system; however, when the system is in a light load condition, α and β need to be increased to meet the power output requirement of the system, which will increase the power loss of the system in the light load condition; and when the inverter works in a half-bridge inverter mode, receiving end coil current I2The size of the power loss is small, the system power loss under the condition of light load of the system can be effectively reduced, but the maximum output power of the system is small at the moment. In order to guarantee the system power requirement under the heavy load condition and simultaneously improve the energy transmission efficiency under the light load condition of the system, the working mode of the inverter can be switched, a full-bridge inverter mode is adopted during heavy load, and a half-bridge inverter mode is adopted during light load.
The above description is an embodiment of the present invention. The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the preferred embodiments in the preferred embodiments can be combined and used in any combination if not obviously contradictory or prerequisite to a certain preferred embodiment, and the specific parameters in the embodiments and examples are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the verification process of the invention and are not intended to limit the patent protection scope of the present invention, which is subject to the claims and all the equivalent structural changes made by the content of the description and the drawings of the present invention are also included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An IPT system based on full-bridge half-bridge switching is characterized by comprising a direct current side voltage source UinThe transmitting end comprises a full-bridge inverter consisting of four MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes and a Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4Four MOS tube switching signals, Q, being transmitting terminals respectively1、Q2、Q3、Q4With a switching frequency f, the transmitting end being connected in parallel with a capacitor C for acting as a third bridge arml1Capacitor Cl2The transmitting end is also electrically connected with a switch S for controlling the on/off of the switch S to realize the switching of the full-bridge half-bridge inverter, and the receiving end comprises an active rectifier consisting of four MOS tubes and a Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8For switching signals, Q, of four MOS transistors at the receiving end5、Q6、Q7、Q8The switching frequency of the receiving end is f, and the receiving end is also electrically connected with a direct current side filter capacitor CdAnd a system load resistor R, and a self-inductance L of the transmitting coil1Self-inductance L of receiving coil2Mutual inductance M between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, compensation capacitance C of the transmitter coil self-inductance1Self-inductive compensation capacitor C of receiving coil2Compensating capacitor C1And a compensation capacitor C2The compensation network of (2) adopts a series resonance type compensation network structure.
2. An IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. establishing an IPT system fundamental equivalent model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
b. analyzing an SS compensation IPT system efficiency model based on full-bridge half-bridge switching;
c. and analyzing a SS compensation IPT system control strategy based on full-bridge half-bridge switching.
3. The IPT system efficiency optimization method based on full-bridge half-bridge switching according to claim 2, wherein the step of establishing the equivalent model in the step a is as follows:
step 1, listing a matrix equation according to a fundamental equivalent circuit:
step 2, calculating an impedance matrix of an equation set according to the self impedance and the mutual impedance of each loop:
and 3, calculating the current expressions of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil:
and 4, calculating the output direct-current voltage of the rectifier as follows:
and 5, calculating the input direct current of the rectifier as follows:
step 6, calculating the equivalent impedance ZLIs composed of
4. The method for optimizing the efficiency of the IPT system based on the full-bridge half-bridge switching as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of analyzing the efficiency model in the step b is as follows:
step 1, calculating the output voltage U of the full-bridge inverter1And an output current I1：
Step 2, calculating the current I in the coils of the transmitting end and the receiving end in the full-bridge inverter mode1And I2The size of (2):
step 3, calculating the output voltage U of the half-bridge inverter1And an output current I1：
Step 4, calculating transmitting end and receiving end under half-bridge inverter modeCurrent in end coil I1And I2The size of (2):
5. the method for optimizing the efficiency of the IPT system based on the full-bridge half-bridge switching as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of analyzing the control strategy in the step c is as follows:
step 1, in the full-bridge inverter mode, when the system outputs a voltage UoutAt constant, the rectifier phase shift angle α is calculated as:
step 2, in the mode of a half-bridge inverter, when the system outputs a voltage UoutAt constant, the rectifier phase shift angle α is calculated as:
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| CN115863033A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-03-28 | 东北林业大学 | Reconfigurable wireless charging system with orthogonal magnetic coupling mechanism and adjustable inductor capable of realizing adjustable output and good anti-offset performance |
| CN115863033B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-06-23 | 东北林业大学 | Orthogonal magnetic coupling mechanism and reconfigurable wireless charging system with adjustable output and good anti-offset performance realized by adjustable inductor |
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