CN112464253A - Large-scale agricultural product traceability management system based on block chain technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an agricultural product traceability management system based on a block chain technology, which comprises a management node, an agricultural product interest related party node, a block chain management subsystem and a block chain traceability subsystem. The management node is a platform root node, and the agricultural product interest related party node is a collaborator and is responsible for uploading the related process traceability data; the management node and the agricultural product interest each related party node are connected point-to-point through a P2P network. The block chain management subsystem is deployed on the management node server and used for key management, newly-added nodes, data uploading and data retrieval; the block chain traceability subsystem is used for uploading data, generating two-dimensional codes and retrieving data; the key management adopts an asymmetric key management system and is used for generating a pair of key public keys and private keys for the newly added nodes, and the public keys are used for encrypting data and verifying signatures; the private key is used to decrypt the data and the personal signature. The agricultural product traceability management system has the advantages that data can not be tampered, the agricultural product traceability management system is complete and real, and the agricultural product traceability trust problem can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product traceability, and particularly relates to an agricultural product traceability management system and method based on a block chain technology.
Background
With the development of social economy, people pay more and more attention to the quality and safety of agricultural products, and the agricultural product quality traceability system takes place at the right moment, and plays a certain role in solving the quality and safety trust crisis of the agricultural products. However, in the traditional agricultural product quality traceability management, stakeholders of the agricultural product industry chain construct systems by themselves according to their own business processes, and data are stored in a centralized manner, which may have the following problems:
the data has single point of failure, namely the data only has a central node server which is dangerous, when the self database of the node is damaged, the system service is interrupted, and if the data is not backed up in advance, the data is lost;
the concurrent read-write capability is low, namely all the requests are concentrated to the central node for interaction, and the central node is down when the user request quantity is suddenly increased;
the traceability information quantity is limited, namely an industrial chain related to agricultural product traceability is long, the industrial chain comprises links such as growers, agricultural manufacturers, processing plants, detection mechanisms, sellers and logistics storage, information displayed by a traceability query terminal of most systems only relates to information of agricultural producers, traceability based on the processes of production, processing, sale, circulation and the like of the agricultural products cannot be realized, and whole-course information traceability from the field to the tongue tip cannot be realized;
data inconsistency, namely in the agricultural product tracing process, data generated by all related parties are stored in respective databases, and a uniform agricultural product ID is not provided, so that the problem of data inconsistency is easy to occur;
the data authenticity and reliability are poor, namely, the agricultural product traceability related parties may have fraudulent behaviors of randomly tampering and forging the data according to the own benefit maximization principle, so that the trust crisis occurs among the related parties.
These problems can seriously affect the quality and safety of agricultural products and the interests of all parties in the agricultural product industry chain, and finally threaten the health of consumers.
Blockchains are currently a technology that is receiving widespread attention and high attention. It is a novel infrastructure for realizing the people's consensus, common treatment and sharing, it has: distributed data storage, decentralized, non-tamperable, traceable, trusted, etc. In summary, blockchains are a good tool to improve the traceability of data security.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an agricultural product traceability management system and method based on a block chain technology, wherein agricultural product interest related party nodes, agricultural product antenatal, midnatal and postnatal processes are interconnected and intercommunicated through the block chain technology, so that the agricultural product interest related parties effectively participate in large-scale agricultural product traceability management.
An agricultural product traceability management system based on a block chain technology comprises: the management node, the agricultural product interest relevant party node, the block chain management subsystem and the block chain traceability subsystem form a whole. The management node server deploys a block chain management subsystem, and a block chain traceability subsystem is deployed on a computer or an APP of an agricultural product interest related party node.
The management node is a platform root node and is a core manager of the system; the agricultural product interest related party nodes are grower nodes, agricultural supplier nodes, detection mechanism nodes, distributor nodes, logistics storage nodes and consumer nodes and are collaborators of the system; the management node and the agricultural product interest-related party node are connected together through a P2P network, namely, the nodes are connected in a point-to-point mode.
The block chain management subsystem further comprises: the system comprises a key management module, a newly added node module, a data uploading module, a data retrieval module, a block chain database and a relational database; the blockchain traceability subsystem comprises: the system comprises a data uploading module, a two-dimensional code generating module, a data retrieval module, a block chain database and a relational database.
The key module is an asymmetric key management system and is responsible for generating a pair of keys, namely a public key and a private key, for the newly added node, the data encrypted by the public key can be unlocked only by the private key, and the file digitally signed by the private key can be checked only by the public key. The public key exists in the computer of the node and can be published for encrypting data and verifying signature; the private key exists in the usbkey and cannot be disclosed, and is used for decrypting data and personal signatures, and the module is used for guaranteeing the security and the non-repudiation of system data.
The newly added node module comprises the following steps: the new agricultural product interest related party node applies for adding an agricultural product traceability management block chain network to the management node, fills node information and submits a qualification certification file; and after the management node checks the new node information, the new node information is stored in the relational database, and a pair of asymmetric keys including an encryption key, namely a public key, and a signature key, namely a private key, is distributed to the new node. The public key is used for encrypting and verifying the signature; the private key identifies the node identity and is used for decryption and digital signature; the private key is put into the usbkey, is taken away by the newly added nodes of the agricultural product interest relevant parties and is stored by the user.
The data uploading module comprises the following steps:
1. when any node needs to upload data, firstly, the node generates a new block, and the block comprises a block head and a block body. The block head includes: the hash value of the last chunk, the local chunk identifier, the Merkle root, the random number, and the timestamp. The block body includes: the agricultural product ID, the original data, a transaction signature generated by signing the original data by using a private key of the node, and a public key of the node. The Merkle root is generated by performing Merkle Tree algorithm on the original data of the block body, which makes the data not be tampered. The block identifier is generated by computing a hash value of the last block hash value, the Merkle root, the random number and the time stamp, and the block identifier enables the block to be uniquely identified.
2. The raw data is collected by nodes of interested parties of agricultural product interests, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: agricultural product producer identity information, production place geographic information, environment detection data, agricultural material use data, agricultural material detection data, planting whole-process management data, harvesting and processing management data, packaging material quality inspection data, agricultural product quality inspection data, storage management data, logistics information and the like; the agricultural product ID is generated by using a UUID algorithm, and is a global ID which enables all agricultural product elements in the block chain distributed system to have unique identification information.
3. The new block is broadcasted to the block chain network by the nodes, other nodes use the public key of the block body to check the transaction signature of the block body after receiving the new block, if the signature passes, the Merkle root is verified, if the Merkle root passes, the block identification is verified, and if the Merkle root passes, the block is written into the cache region of the node. If the signature verification fails, the node generating the block is incorrect in identity, and the new block is discarded; if the Merkle root fails to be verified, the data of the block body is tampered, and the new block is discarded; if the verification of the block ID fails, indicating that the data of the block header has been tampered with, the new block is discarded.
4. After the new block is successfully written into the cache region of the node, the node of the block chain network executes a pbft consensus algorithm process, if all the nodes achieve consensus, the new block is taken out of the cache region, each node encrypts the block body of the new block by using a public key of the node and stores the block body into a block chain database of the node, and meanwhile, a mapping relation is established among the block identification of the block head, the agricultural product ID and the abstract information of the original data and the block body is stored into a relational database. If consensus cannot be achieved, all nodes delete the new block from their own cache.
The two-dimensional code generating module comprises the following steps: and taking the agricultural product ID from the relational database by the node, generating a two-dimensional code picture from the agricultural product ID by using a two-dimensional code generation algorithm, returning the picture address to the node, and obtaining the two-dimensional code picture by node staff and printing the two-dimensional code picture on an agricultural product package.
The data retrieval module comprises the following steps:
1. inputting a retrieval theme at any node PC (or scanning a two-dimensional code through an APP to analyze an agricultural product ID, connecting the APP to a management node, and using the agricultural product ID as a theme for retrieval), firstly finding original data abstract information in a relational database of the node through the theme, then finding corresponding agricultural product ID through the original data abstract information, then finding corresponding all block identifications through the agricultural product ID, and then finding blocks from a block chain database through the block identifications.
2. And taking out the encrypted block from the block, decrypting the block by using a private key of the node to obtain a plaintext of the block, taking out the original data from the plaintext, and returning the original data to the request end. And if the requesting node has no private key or the private key is incorrect, returning a prompt message of node authentication failure.
The beneficial effects of the invention and the differences with other tracing systems are as follows:
1. the agricultural product industry chain related party nodes, agricultural product antenatal, midnatal and postnatal processes are interconnected and intercommunicated through a block chain technology, so that agricultural product interest related parties effectively participate in agricultural product traceability management, the number of the agricultural product interest related parties supported by the system is not limited, the expandability is strong, and the system is a large-scale agricultural product traceability system;
2. data generated in the agricultural product tracing process are stored in multiple nodes, so that the availability, reliability and concurrent processing capacity of the data are improved;
3. in the tracing management process based on the block chain technology, an asymmetric key system and a data consistency algorithm are used for carrying out encrypted storage on the node data, effectively controlling the identity and the authority of the node, and verifying the consistency of the node data, so that the safety, the non-tampering property and the non-repudiation property of the data are improved;
4. the agricultural product traceability process and traceability data are more complete and comprise agricultural product producer identity information, production area geographic information, environment detection data, agricultural material use data, agricultural material detection data, planting whole-process management data, harvesting and processing management data, packaging material quality inspection data, agricultural product quality inspection data, storage management data and logistics information; the agricultural product traceability data provided by the invention all bring beneficial relevant party identity information (namely, node private keys), and can trace the agricultural product safety responsibility to agricultural product producers, agricultural fund manufacturers, third-party detection mechanisms, storage service providers and logistics service providers.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large agricultural product traceability management system based on a block chain technology.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of adding a node.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of uploading data by a node.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a node retrieving data.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, functions and advantageous effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The agricultural product traceability management system based on the block chain technology comprises a management node, an agricultural product interest related party node, a block chain management subsystem and a block chain traceability subsystem. The block chain traceability management subsystem is deployed on a management node server, and the block chain traceability subsystem is deployed on a computer or an APP of an agricultural product interest relevant party node.
Platform root nodes, namely management nodes, grower nodes, agricultural fund manufacturer nodes, detection mechanism nodes, dealer nodes, logistics storage nodes, consumer nodes and other agricultural product interest-related party nodes are connected together through a P2P network, namely the nodes are connected in a point-to-point mode.
A key management module, a newly added node module, a data uploading module, a data retrieval module, a block chain database and a relational database are respectively established on a block chain management subsystem; and respectively establishing a data uploading module, a two-dimensional code generating module, a data retrieval module, a block chain database and a relational database on the block chain traceability subsystem.
Establishing an asymmetric key management system, generating a pair of keys of a public key and a private key when a node is newly added, wherein the public key exists in a computer of the node and can be opened for encrypting data and verifying a signature; the private key exists in the usbkey, cannot be disclosed, and is used for decrypting data and personal signatures. The data encrypted by the public key can be unlocked only by the private key, the file digitally signed by the private key can be checked only by the public key, and the asymmetric key management system is used for guaranteeing the security and the non-repudiation of the system data.
The newly added node comprises the following steps: new agricultural product interest related party nodes such as a grower node, an agricultural material manufacturer node, a detection mechanism node, a distributor node, a logistics storage node, a consumer node and the like apply for adding an agricultural product traceability management block chain network to a management node, fill node data and submit a qualification certification file; and after the management node checks the new node information, the new node information is stored in the relational database, and a pair of asymmetric keys including an encryption key public key and a signature key private key is distributed to the new node. The public key is used for encrypting and verifying the signature; the private key identifies the node identity and is used for decryption and digital signature; the private key is put into the usbkey, is taken away by the newly added nodes of the agricultural product interest relevant parties and is stored by the user.
A data uploading step:
1. when any node uploads data, firstly, the node generates a new block comprising a block head and a block body, wherein the block head comprises: the hash value of the previous block, the block identifier, the Merkle root, the random number and the timestamp; the block body includes: the agricultural product ID, the original data, a transaction signature generated by signing the original data by using a private key of the node, and a public key of the node. The Merkle root is generated by performing Merkle Tree algorithm on the original data of the block body, which makes the data not be tampered. The block identifier is generated by computing a hash value of the last block hash value, the Merkle root, the random number and the time stamp, and the block identifier enables the block to be uniquely identified.
2. Original traceability data such as agricultural product producer identity information, production place geographic information, environment detection data, agricultural material use data, agricultural material detection data, planting whole-process management data, harvesting and processing management data, packaging material quality inspection data, agricultural product quality inspection data, storage management data, logistics information and the like are collected by nodes of agricultural product interest relevant parties; the agricultural product ID is generated using the UUID algorithm.
3. The new block is broadcasted to the block chain network by the nodes, other nodes use the public key of the block body to check the transaction signature of the block body after receiving the new block, if the signature passes, the Merkle root is verified, if the Merkle root passes, the block identification is verified, and if the Merkle root passes, the block is written into the cache region of the node. If the signature verification fails, the node generating the block is incorrect in identity, and the new block is discarded; if the Merkle root fails to be verified, the data of the block body is tampered, and the new block is discarded; if the verification of the block ID fails, indicating that the data of the block header has been tampered with, the new block is discarded.
4. After the new block is successfully written into the cache region of the node, the node of the block chain network executes a pbft consensus algorithm process, if all the nodes achieve consensus, the new block is taken out of the cache region, each node encrypts the block body of the new block by using a public key of the node and stores the block body into a block chain database of the node, and meanwhile, a mapping relation is established among the block identification of the block head, the agricultural product ID and the abstract information of the original data and the block body is stored into a relational database. If consensus cannot be achieved, all nodes delete the new block from their own cache.
Producing a tracing two-dimension code: and taking the agricultural product ID from the relational database by the node, generating a two-dimensional code picture from the agricultural product ID by using a two-dimensional code generation algorithm, returning the picture address to the node, and obtaining the two-dimensional code picture by node staff and printing the two-dimensional code picture on an agricultural product package.
And a source tracing data retrieval step:
1. inputting a retrieval theme at any node PC (or scanning a two-dimensional code through an APP to analyze an agricultural product ID, connecting the APP to a management node, and using the agricultural product ID as a theme for retrieval), firstly finding original data abstract information in a relational database of the node through the theme, then finding corresponding agricultural product ID through the original data abstract information, then finding corresponding all block identifications through the agricultural product ID, and then finding blocks from a block chain database through the block identifications.
2. And taking out the encrypted block from the block, decrypting the block by using a private key of the node to obtain a plaintext of the block, taking out the original tracing data from the plaintext, and returning the original tracing data to the request end. And if the requesting node has no private key or the private key is incorrect, returning a prompt message of node authentication failure.
The embodiment of the traceability management system for large agricultural products based on the block chain technology includes, but is not limited to, the above listed examples.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An agricultural product traceability management system based on a block chain technology comprises: the management node, the agricultural product interest related party node, the block chain management subsystem and the block chain traceability subsystem form a whole; the management node server deploys a block chain management subsystem, and a block chain traceability subsystem is deployed on a computer or an APP of an agricultural product interest related party node.
2. The management node is a platform root node and is a core manager of the system; the agricultural product interest related party nodes are grower nodes, agricultural supplier nodes, detection mechanism nodes, distributor nodes, logistics storage nodes and consumer nodes and are collaborators of the system; the management node and the agricultural product interest-related party node are connected together through a P2P network, namely, the nodes are connected in a point-to-point mode.
3. The block chain management subsystem further comprises: the system comprises a key management module, a newly added node module, a data uploading module, a data retrieval module, a block chain database and a relational database; the blockchain traceability subsystem comprises: the system comprises a data uploading module, a two-dimensional code generating module, a data retrieval module, a block chain database and a relational database.
4. The key module is an asymmetric key management system and is responsible for generating a pair of keys, namely a public key and a private key, for the newly added node, the data encrypted by the public key can be unlocked only by the private key, and the file digitally signed by the private key can be checked only by the public key. The public key exists in the computer of the node and can be published for encrypting data and verifying signature; the private key exists in the usbkey and cannot be disclosed, and is used for decrypting data and personal signatures, and the module is used for guaranteeing the security and the non-repudiation of system data.
5. The newly added node module comprises the following steps: the new agricultural product interest related party node applies for adding an agricultural product traceability management block chain network to the management node, fills node information and submits a qualification certification file; and after the management node checks the new node information, the new node information is stored in the relational database, and a pair of asymmetric keys including an encryption key, namely a public key, and a signature key, namely a private key, is distributed to the new node. The public key is used for encrypting and verifying the signature; the private key identifies the node identity and is used for decryption and digital signature; the private key is put into the usbkey, is taken away by the newly added nodes of the agricultural product interest relevant parties and is stored by the user.
6. The data uploading module comprises the following steps:
a. when any node needs to upload data, firstly, the node generates a new block, and the block comprises a block head and a block body; the block head includes: the hash value of the previous block, the block identifier, the Merkle root, the random number and the timestamp; the block body includes: the method comprises the steps that an agricultural product ID, original data, a transaction signature generated by signing the original data through a private key of a node and a public key of the node are obtained; the Merkle root is generated by executing Merkle Tree algorithm on the original data of the block body, which prevents the data from being tampered; the block identification is generated by calculating a hash value from the hash value of the previous block, a Merkle root, a random number and a time stamp, and the block is uniquely identified;
b. the raw data is collected by nodes of interested parties of agricultural product interests, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: agricultural product producer identity information, production place geographic information, environment detection data, agricultural material use data, agricultural material detection data, planting whole-process management data, harvesting and processing management data, packaging material quality inspection data, agricultural product quality inspection data, storage management data, logistics information and the like; the agricultural product ID is generated by using a UUID algorithm, the agricultural product ID is a global ID, and all agricultural product elements in the block chain distributed system can have unique identification information;
c. the node broadcasts the new block to the block chain network, other nodes use the public key of the block body to check the signature of the transaction of the block body after receiving the new block, if the signature passes, the Merkle root is verified, if the Merkle root passes, the block identification is verified, and if the Merkle root passes, the block is written into the cache region of the node; if the signature verification fails, the node generating the block is incorrect in identity, and the new block is discarded; if the Merkle root fails to be verified, the data of the block body is tampered, and the new block is discarded; if the verification of the block identifier fails, the data of the block header is tampered, and the new block is discarded;
d. after the new block is successfully written into the cache region of the node, the node of the block chain network executes a pbft consensus algorithm process, if all the nodes achieve consensus, the new block is taken out of the cache region, each node encrypts the block body of the new block by using a public key of the node and stores the block body into a block chain database of the node, and meanwhile, a mapping relation is established among the block identification of the block head, the agricultural product ID and the abstract information of the original data and the block body is stored into a relational database. If consensus cannot be achieved, all nodes delete the new block from their own cache.
7. The two-dimensional code generating module comprises the following steps: and taking the agricultural product ID from the relational database by the node, generating a two-dimensional code picture from the agricultural product ID by using a two-dimensional code generation algorithm, returning the picture address to the node, and obtaining the two-dimensional code picture by node staff and printing the two-dimensional code picture on an agricultural product package.
8. The data retrieval module comprises the following steps:
a. inputting a retrieval theme at any node PC (or scanning a two-dimensional code through an APP to analyze an agricultural product ID, connecting the APP to a management node and using the agricultural product ID as a theme for retrieval), firstly finding original data abstract information in a relational database of the node through the theme, then finding corresponding agricultural product IDs through the original data abstract information, then finding corresponding all block identifications through the agricultural product IDs, and then finding blocks from a block chain database through the block identifications;
b. and taking out the encrypted block from the block, decrypting the block by using a private key of the node to obtain a plaintext of the block, taking out the original data from the plaintext, and returning the original data to the request end. And if the requesting node has no private key or the private key is incorrect, returning a prompt message of node authentication failure.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112910660A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-04 | 中国工商银行股份有限公司 | Certificate issuing method, adding method and transaction processing method of blockchain system |
| CN115936738A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-04-07 | 西华大学 | Agricultural product tracing method based on meta universe |
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| CN110163628A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-08-23 | 上海能链众合科技有限公司 | A kind of agricultural product traceability system based on block chain |
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| WO2017016318A1 (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-02-02 | 祝国龙 | Credible label generation and verification method and system based on asymmetric cryptographic algorithm |
| CN109191003A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-11 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Fruits and vegetables agricultural product quality safety traceability system based on block chain |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112910660A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-04 | 中国工商银行股份有限公司 | Certificate issuing method, adding method and transaction processing method of blockchain system |
| CN115936738A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-04-07 | 西华大学 | Agricultural product tracing method based on meta universe |
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