CN112461564A - Offshore wind power foundation model test system and method - Google Patents

Offshore wind power foundation model test system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112461564A
CN112461564A CN202011280626.4A CN202011280626A CN112461564A CN 112461564 A CN112461564 A CN 112461564A CN 202011280626 A CN202011280626 A CN 202011280626A CN 112461564 A CN112461564 A CN 112461564A
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China
Prior art keywords
loading system
horizontal beam
test
load
offshore wind
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CN202011280626.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
韩勃
代松
王保刚
耿飞
张浩东
刘士亮
史逸伟
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Priority to CN202011280626.4A priority Critical patent/CN112461564A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/007Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02Vibration-testing by means of a shake table

Abstract

The invention discloses an offshore wind power foundation model test system and method, which comprises the following steps: the test soil box comprises a frame-shaped main body, a test soil box, a hydraulic rod loading system and a weight loading system, wherein the hydraulic rod loading system and the weight loading system are used for applying load to the test soil box; installing a test soil box on a base of the frame-shaped main body through a first guide rail; the upright post of the frame-shaped main body is connected with a horizontal beam through a second guide rail, the horizontal beam is connected with a main beam at the top of the frame-shaped main body through a bolt rod, and the horizontal beam is connected with a hydraulic rod loading system; and a third guide rail is arranged on the horizontal beam, and a weight loading system is connected to the third guide rail through a pulley block. Different loads are applied through different loading systems, the sizes and the directions of the loads can be adjusted, and the bearing characteristics and the vibration characteristics of the fan foundation under different stress conditions can be researched.

Description

Offshore wind power foundation model test system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor model test equipment of offshore wind turbine foundation structures, in particular to an offshore wind turbine foundation model test system and method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The existing power generation mode in which the thermal power generation consumes a large amount of fossil energy and causes serious pollution to the environment, and the wind energy is one of the cleanest and most commercially valuable environment-friendly energy developed and utilized so far, and has good development and utilization prospects. Compared with land wind energy, offshore wind energy has the advantages of stable wind speed, abundant resources, low noise, no occupation of arable land and the like, and in the construction of offshore wind turbines, the wind turbine foundation is used as a supporting structure for offshore wind power and is of great importance to the safe operation of the wind turbines, so that the research on the bearing characteristic and the vibration characteristic of the offshore wind turbine foundation structure is concerned all the time.
Model tests and field tests are always the main research methods for basic structures, and although prototype tests in engineering fields are the most direct and reliable methods for researching basic bearing characteristics and vibration characteristics, the application of the prototype tests is greatly restricted due to the limitations of factors such as long field test period, high cost, complex field conditions and the like.
Therefore, the indoor model test becomes an indispensable scientific research means, the test piece is reduced according to the prototype based on the similar principle, the test is carried out under the laboratory condition, the data is recorded, the experimental data and the result can be extended to the prototype based on the similar principle, and the phenomenon occurring in the actual operation period of the prototype engineering can be predicted; the required field of the model is small, multiple tests can be carried out to eliminate test errors, the result is more accurate, test conditions such as material characteristics, the application size and height of horizontal load, the load waveform of the horizontal load and the like can be changed according to test requirements under an indoor environment, and the horizontal load property of the offshore wind turbine foundation is fully researched. Therefore, the indoor model test has strong purpose and pertinence when the foundation bearing failure characteristic and the vibration characteristic of the offshore wind turbine are researched.
Indoor model tests about offshore wind turbine infrastructure developed at home and abroad have achieved great results, and have important guiding function on current theoretical research model tests. The offshore wind turbine is in a complex marine environment for a long time and is influenced by horizontal loads such as wind, waves, currents and the like, and the horizontal load directions are random and multidirectional; however, the inventor finds that the current offshore wind turbine foundation model test mainly considers horizontal static force or horizontal dynamic force load, and the existing test device cannot truly simulate complex ocean load of multidirectional crossing and static and dynamic force combination.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an offshore wind power foundation model test system and method, different loads are applied through different loading systems, the adjustment of the size and the direction of the loads can be realized, and the research on the bearing characteristic and the vibration characteristic of a wind turbine foundation under various different stress conditions is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an offshore wind power foundation model test system, including: the test soil box comprises a frame-shaped main body, a test soil box, a hydraulic rod loading system and a weight loading system, wherein the hydraulic rod loading system and the weight loading system are used for applying load to the test soil box;
installing a test soil box on a base of the frame-shaped main body through a first guide rail;
the upright post of the frame-shaped main body is connected with a horizontal beam through a second guide rail, the horizontal beam is connected with a main beam at the top of the frame-shaped main body through a bolt rod, and the horizontal beam is connected with a hydraulic rod loading system;
and a third guide rail is arranged on the horizontal beam, and a weight loading system is connected to the third guide rail through a pulley block.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an offshore wind power foundation model test method, which comprises the following steps:
filling a test soil body in the test soil box, and respectively applying loads to the test soil body through a weight loading system, a hydraulic rod loading system and an eccentric wheel loading system;
applying a horizontal static load through a weight loading system, changing the size of the horizontal static load, and adjusting the direction of the horizontal static load according to the movement of the weight loading system on a horizontal beam guide rail;
applying a cyclic load through a hydraulic rod loading system, changing the size of the cyclic load, and adjusting the height of the cyclic load according to the movement of a horizontal beam on an upright guide rail of the frame-shaped main body;
applying a vibration load through an eccentric wheel loading system;
and acquiring bearing data and vibration data of the test soil body under different loads.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention researches the horizontal bearing characteristic and the vibration characteristic of the foundation of the offshore wind turbine in a model test, solves the problem that the horizontal bearing capacity of the foundation of the offshore wind turbine is difficult to test in the practical process, adopts the unique guide rail design, can repeatedly utilize the model frame, and is beneficial to the research of the bearing characteristic and the vibration characteristic of the foundation of the wind turbine under various different stress conditions.
The method can successfully simulate the bearing characteristic exertion process of the offshore wind turbine foundation in the actual process, and provides an effective reference basis for guiding the foundation design, the foundation bearing characteristic theory and the vibration characteristic research.
The experimental soil box disclosed by the invention adopts transparent toughened glass, so that the filling condition and water level of experimental soil and the subsequent soil deformation condition can be directly observed.
The whole experimental device has good sealing performance, enough strength and rigidity, no adverse deformation in the experimental process and ensured stability of the experimental bench.
The data acquisition device can realize automatic acquisition, is connected with the digital display system, and can provide data tables and draw curves in real time through the digital display system.
The loading system has flexible loading schemes, three loading devices are designed, the loading schemes are freely selected, and can be used in combination or independently used according to different experimental purposes; when static load is applied, a weight loading device or a hydraulic rod loading device can be selected; when a vibration load is applied, a hydraulic rod loading device or an eccentric wheel loading device can be selected; the eccentric wheel loading device is directly installed on the basis of the prefabricated fan, and compared with a hydraulic rod loading system, the independence of the fan basis is guaranteed.
The test system has rich functions, can research the bearing characteristics and the vibration characteristics of the offshore wind turbine foundation under the conditions of different forms of foundations, different soil layers, different embedding depths and the like, can adjust the size, the direction, the vibration waveform, the application height and the like of the horizontal load according to different test purposes, has a simple structure, and is convenient for assembly and operation.
The guide rail and the graduated scale are arranged on the upright post, the horizontal beam can freely move or be fixed on the upright post so as to change the application height of the load, and the guide rail design is favorable for repeated experiments.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an offshore wind turbine foundation model test system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an eccentric wheel loading system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a base; 2. a guide rail; 3. testing a soil box; 4. a main beam; 5. a horizontal beam; 6. a hydraulic lever loading system; 7. a graduated scale; 8. a column; 9. a horizontal beam guide rail; 10. a pulley; 11. a weight loading system; 12. a rib plate; 13. a bolt shank; 14. a power gear plate; 15. a nut; 16. a screw; 17. an eccentric gear disk.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising", and any variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an offshore wind power foundation model test system, including: the test soil box comprises a frame-shaped main body, a test soil box and a loading system;
in this embodiment, the frame-shaped main body is composed of a base 1, four vertical columns 8 connected with the base, and four top main beams 4 connected with the columns 8;
preferably, frame type major structure height 40cm satisfies intensity and rigidity requirement and can supports superstructure's dead weight and counter-force, and girder rigidity is enough big simultaneously, can ensure overall stability.
In the embodiment, a guide rail 2 is installed on the base 1, and a test soil box 3 capable of freely sliding is installed on the guide rail 2;
preferably, guide rail 2 is used for realizing the free movement of experimental soil box 3, and the filling of the soil material and the change of soil material before the convenience experiment to the characteristic of fan basis under the different soil property circumstances is studied.
In this embodiment, the test soil box 3 is a device for filling a test soil body, and the whole soil box of the test soil box 3 is composed of a toughened glass plate, so as to facilitate direct observation of the filling condition of the test soil body, the water level and the deformation condition of the soil body in the test process.
Preferably, the glass plates of the test soil box 3 are assembled in blocks and can be freely disassembled;
preferably, the ribbed plates 12 are arranged on each panel of the test soil box 3, so as to ensure the overall strength and rigidity of the test soil box 3;
preferably, the back panel of the test soil box 3 is provided with three openings, after the experiment is finished, the test soil body and water can be discharged from the openings, the whole tightness of the test soil box is good, and the leakage condition can not occur in the experiment process.
In this embodiment, the upright post 8 is used for supporting the loading system, and the upright post 8 is provided with a second guide rail and a graduated scale 7;
preferably, the upright post 8 is connected with the horizontal beam 5 through a second guide rail, the horizontal beam 5 is connected with the main beam 4 through a bolt rod 13, so that the horizontal beam 5 slides up and down on the upright post 8 through the second guide rail and the bolt rod 13, and the height of the horizontal beam 5 is read through the graduated scale 7;
preferably, the other three main beams except the front main beam are connected with the horizontal beam 5 at the lower part through bolt rods 13, and are used for adjusting the height of the horizontal beam 5 so as to control the loading height of the load.
In this embodiment, a loading system is installed on the upper portion of the test soil box 3, and is used for setting the size, waveform and loading time of a load according to loading requirements;
the loading system comprises a hydraulic rod loading system 6, a weight loading system 11 and an eccentric wheel loading system, the three loading systems all apply loads to the fan foundation, the hydraulic rod loading system and the weight loading system are arranged on the integral device and are directly connected with the fan foundation, the eccentric wheel loading system is independently arranged on the fan foundation to realize fan foundation independence, and the three loading systems can be used in any combination or independently to realize accurate simulation of multidirectional complex oceans;
the hydraulic rod loading system 6 is used for applying a cyclic load, is connected with a loading system controlled by a computer through a hydraulic rod, changes the size of the cyclic load, applies cyclic loads with different waveforms, and can display a data table and a loading curve at the computer end;
the hydraulic rod loading system 6 is installed on the horizontal beam 5, and the horizontal beam 5 freely slides and is fixed on the guide rail of the upright post 8, so that the height of the horizontal beam 5 can be adjusted, and the loading height of the cyclic load can be adjusted.
The horizontal beam is provided with a horizontal beam guide rail 9, and the horizontal beam guide rail 9 is connected with a weight loading system 11 through a pulley 10;
the weight loading system 11 applies horizontal static load and freely slides on the horizontal beam guide rail 9 of the horizontal beam 5 through the pulley 10 so as to adjust the direction of the horizontal static load; the size of the horizontal load is adjusted by adjusting the number of the standard weights;
during the experiment, be connected weight loading system 11 and experimental fan basis and go around the pulley 10 of horizontal roof beam 5, through the quantity of adjustment standard weight with the size of adjustment horizontal load, and can adjust the direction of the quiet load of level according to pulley 10 position.
The eccentric wheel loading system comprises three gears, at least one gear is smaller than the other two gears, the smaller gear provides power, the other two gears are mutually meshed and symmetrically rotate at a constant speed, holes for installing eccentric masses are formed in the two large gears, a screw rod is installed in each hole and is matched with a plurality of nuts, and when the conditions of constant speed symmetry are met, the vibration load can be applied under the condition that a fan foundation is independent;
preferably, the nut is configurable for different test conditions.
As shown in fig. 2, the eccentric wheel loading system includes two eccentric gear disks 17 and a power gear disk 14, the size of the power gear disk 14 is smaller than that of the eccentric gear disks 17;
the power gear disc 14 is responsible for providing power, and different rotating speeds can be set to adjust the frequency of the cyclic load;
the eccentric gear disc 17 is provided with a hole for installing eccentric mass, a screw 16 is installed in the hole, and different numbers of screw caps 15 can be installed on the screw 16 according to working conditions to adjust the amplitude of the circulating load;
preferably, the eccentric wheel loading system is independently installed on a fan base and used for applying vibration loads with different waveforms.
In this embodiment, during an experiment, a test soil body is filled in the test soil box 3, and monitoring elements are arranged on the test soil body and the fan foundation, wherein the monitoring elements are connected with a data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is connected with a digital display system;
preferably, the data acquisition device can automatically acquire bearing data and vibration data, and the digital display system can provide a data table and automatically draw a curve in real time;
preferably, the data collected includes: the pressure of the soil body, the acceleration signal of the pile foundation vibration, the strain of the pile body, the displacement of the pile top, the load of the pile and the like.
Preferably, the monitoring element comprises an earth pressure cell, an acceleration sensor, a strain gauge, or the like.
In further embodiments, there is also provided:
an assembling and using method of an offshore wind turbine foundation model test system comprises the following steps:
(1) and processing the base 1, the guide rail 2 and the test soil box 3 according to the design requirement and the test purpose.
(2) And (5) prefabricating a model fan foundation according to the experimental purpose.
(3) Installing a base 1 and a guide rail 2 and welding the base and the guide rail into a whole, installing a test soil box 3 and ensuring that the test soil box can be fixed and moved on the guide rail 2;
because the test soil box 3 is made of a toughened glass plate, enough ribbed plates 12 are set on the outer side of the test soil box 3 in order to avoid unfavorable deformation in the experimental process.
(4) According to the experiment requirement, the test soil body and water are filled in the test soil box 3, the prefabricated fan foundation is buried at a specific depth according to the experiment purpose, and a measuring system, namely a monitoring element, is buried.
(5) The main beam 4, the horizontal beam 5 and the upright post 8 are installed, and the hydraulic rod loading system 6 and the pulley 10 are installed on the horizontal beam 5, so that the pulley 10 can freely slide and be fixed on the horizontal beam 5, and the horizontal beam 5 can freely slide and be fixed on the upright post 8.
(6) The data line is led out and connected with the data acquisition device, the data acquisition device can automatically acquire data and is connected with the digital display system, and software contained in the digital display system can display the data table in real time and automatically draw a curve.
(7) Selecting a proper loading scheme from the three schemes according to the experimental purpose, wherein the three loading schemes can be combined for use or can be independently used;
specifically, a weight loading system is used for applying horizontal static load and changing the size of the horizontal static load, and the direction of the horizontal static load is adjusted according to the movement of the weight loading system on a horizontal beam guide rail;
applying a cyclic load through a hydraulic rod loading system, changing the waveform of the cyclic load, and adjusting the height of the cyclic load according to the movement of a horizontal beam on an upright guide rail of the frame-shaped main body;
and applying a vibration load through an eccentric wheel loading system.
(8) And (5) carrying out experiments, obtaining corresponding data and curves according to experiment requirements, summarizing rules and obtaining a conclusion.
(9) After the experiment, can remove experimental soil box 3 through guide rail 2, change the soil body or the glass board, can carry out the indoor research of fan basic characteristic test under the different situations as required.
Compared with the existing research, the embodiment is closer to the actual engineering, the loading scheme is more flexible to select, the test system has more comprehensive functions, the operation is more convenient and simpler, the functions are rich, the measurement is accurate, the deformation condition of the wind turbine foundation and the soil can be directly observed, the repeated test can be carried out according to different experimental purposes, the test data and the response curve can be displayed in real time, and the obtained research result has important significance to the basic design of the offshore wind turbine.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an offshore wind power foundation model test system which characterized in that includes: the test soil box comprises a frame-shaped main body, a test soil box, a hydraulic rod loading system and a weight loading system, wherein the hydraulic rod loading system and the weight loading system are used for applying load to the test soil box;
installing a test soil box on a base of the frame-shaped main body through a first guide rail;
the upright post of the frame-shaped main body is connected with a horizontal beam through a second guide rail, the horizontal beam is connected with a main beam at the top of the frame-shaped main body through a bolt rod, and the horizontal beam is connected with a hydraulic rod loading system;
and a third guide rail is arranged on the horizontal beam, and a weight loading system is connected to the third guide rail through a pulley block.
2. The offshore wind power foundation model test system of claim 1, wherein the vertical column is provided with a graduated scale, and the horizontal beam is used for reading the height of the horizontal beam when the horizontal beam slides on the vertical column through the second guide rail and the bolt rod.
3. The offshore wind power foundation model test system of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic rod loading system is configured to apply a cyclic load, and the loading height of the cyclic load is adjusted by changing the height of the horizontal beam.
4. The offshore wind power foundation model test system of claim 1, wherein the weight loading system is used for applying a horizontal static load, the weight loading system adjusts the direction of the horizontal static load by moving the pulley block on the horizontal beam, and the size of the horizontal static load is adjusted by adjusting the number of standard weights.
5. The offshore wind power foundation model test system of claim 1, further comprising an eccentric wheel loading system for applying a vibration load, wherein the hydraulic rod loading system, the weight loading system and the eccentric wheel loading system are optionally combined to apply a load or applied independently.
6. An offshore wind power foundation model test system as in claim 5 wherein said eccentric wheel loading system comprises three gears, at least one gear being smaller in size than the other two gears, powered by a pinion, the other two gears meshing with each other for constant speed symmetrical rotation to apply a vibratory load.
7. The offshore wind power foundation model test system of claim 5, wherein the two gears engaged with each other are provided with holes for installing eccentric masses, and screws are installed in the holes and matched with a plurality of nuts.
8. The offshore wind power foundation model test system of claim 1, wherein each panel of the test soil box is provided with a rib plate.
9. The offshore wind power foundation model test system of claim 1, wherein a test soil body is filled in the test soil box, the fan foundation to be tested is buried in the test soil body, monitoring elements are arranged at the test soil body and the fan foundation to be tested, the detection elements are connected with a data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is connected with a digital display system.
10. An offshore wind power foundation model test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
filling a test soil body in the test soil box, and respectively applying loads to the test soil body through a weight loading system, a hydraulic rod loading system and an eccentric wheel loading system;
applying a horizontal static load through a weight loading system, changing the size of the horizontal static load, and adjusting the direction of the horizontal static load according to the movement of the weight loading system on a horizontal beam guide rail;
applying a cyclic load through a hydraulic rod loading system, changing the waveform of the cyclic load, and adjusting the height of the cyclic load according to the movement of a horizontal beam on an upright guide rail of the frame-shaped main body;
applying a vibration load through an eccentric wheel loading system;
and acquiring bearing data and vibration data of the test soil body under different loads.
CN202011280626.4A 2020-11-16 2020-11-16 Offshore wind power foundation model test system and method Pending CN112461564A (en)

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CN117268695A (en) * 2023-10-07 2023-12-22 江苏海洋大学 Floating fan test device utilizing electromagnetic induction equivalent wind generating system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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