CN112459705A - System and method for identifying well wall condition by using axial vibration signal of air hammer - Google Patents
System and method for identifying well wall condition by using axial vibration signal of air hammer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112459705A CN112459705A CN202011255244.6A CN202011255244A CN112459705A CN 112459705 A CN112459705 A CN 112459705A CN 202011255244 A CN202011255244 A CN 202011255244A CN 112459705 A CN112459705 A CN 112459705A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for identifying the well wall condition by using an axial vibration signal of an air hammer. A library of vibration samples for normal drilling and for abnormal conditions of the air hammer in a typical rock formation is first established. In the gas drilling process, a vibration signal collector at a top drive position is used for collecting vibration signals of a drill column in real time, the vibration signals are compared with a vibration sample library, the minimum matching distance is screened out by adopting a dynamic time warping algorithm, and the abnormal condition of a well wall is identified, so that the safety of gas drilling is improved. The invention has simple and reliable principle, simple and convenient operation, can work stably for a long time, can monitor continuously, quickly and intuitively judge results in real time and meets the requirements of drilling construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for monitoring abnormal conditions of a well wall while drilling in gas drilling in the field of oil and gas exploitation, and provides a monitoring means while drilling for normal drilling of the gas drilling.
Background
In the gas drilling process, the problem of borehole wall instability has become a bottleneck restricting the further development and application of the gas drilling. The instability of the gas drilling well wall mainly comprises collapse, block falling, borehole shrinkage and collapse, and the instability mechanism mainly comprises mechanical instability of weak rock bodies and broken rock bodies with lower mechanical strength, mechanical-chemical instability under the condition of liquid production, rock collapse explosion during rapid drilling and dynamic instability of overlying mudstone. At present, the stability of the well wall is mainly evaluated by correcting logging information through an indoor experiment, but the evaluation method cannot predict the abnormal condition of the well wall in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a system and a method for identifying the well wall condition by using an axial vibration signal of an air hammer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized in the following manner:
a system for identifying a borehole wall condition using an air hammer axial vibration signal, comprising:
axial vibration signal sensing element: the axial vibration signal sensing element is arranged on the drill string and is tightly attached to the drill string, and the axial direction of the axial vibration signal sensing element is consistent with the axial direction of the drill string and is used for acquiring the axial vibration signal of the drill string.
Axial vibration signal sensing element: the axial vibration signal collector is arranged on the ground, is in communication connection with the axial vibration signal sensing element, and is used for receiving an analog signal of an axial vibration signal from the axial vibration signal sensing element, converting the analog signal into a data signal and then remotely transmitting the data signal to a logging system in real time.
A logging system: the logging system comprises a wireless communication module and a control calculation module, wherein the control calculation module is in wireless communication connection with the axial vibration signal collector through the wireless communication module.
The control calculation module is pre-stored with a drill string axial vibration sample library when the air hammer normally drills in different typical rock stratums, and the drill string axial vibration sample library during normal drilling is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve during normal drilling of the air hammer in the typical rock stratums and used as a comparison sample of drill string axial vibration during normal drilling; each sample in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling consists of P drill string vibration curves in unit time; the control calculation module is also pre-stored with a drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions in the drilling process of the air hammer in different typical rock stratums, and the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve when the well wall has abnormal working conditions and is used as a comparison sample of the drill string axial vibration when the well wall has abnormal working conditions; in the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions, each sample consists of a drill string vibration curve in P unit times;
the control calculation module is used for processing the received axial vibration signal after the drilling is started as follows:
in the current unit time tsAs a starting point, the time from unit t is recordedsTo unit time ts+pGenerating a drill string axial vibration curve by the drill string axial vibration values in P unit time periods, and respectively comparing the drill string axial vibration curve with the drill string axial vibration valueComparing samples in the drill string axial vibration sample library during normal drilling with samples in the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions; if the comparison with the samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling is successful, the well wall condition is considered to be good, normal drilling can be performed, and the drilling into the rock stratum is presumed according to the samples successfully compared; if the comparison with the sample in the drill string axial vibration sample library is successful when the borehole wall has abnormal working conditions, the corresponding abnormal condition of the sample can be considered to occur on the borehole wall, and corresponding treatment measures should be taken.
In a further technical scheme, the typical rock stratum comprises sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate.
The further technical scheme is that the abnormal working conditions comprise working conditions of well wall block falling, well collapse and water outlet.
The further technical scheme is that samples of the drill string axial vibration sample library when the air hammer normally drills in various different typical rock stratums and samples of the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions are obtained through laboratory experiments or field experiments.
The further technical scheme is that in the sample comparison process, a dynamic time warping algorithm is adopted to enable drill string axial vibration curves y to be compared to be gradually compared with a sample snmFinding the matching distance kinAnd screening out the minimum matching distance, wherein the corresponding sample is a successfully-compared sample and can be regarded as the working condition and the rock stratum corresponding to the sample at present on the well wall.
A method for identifying the condition of a well wall by using an axial vibration signal of an air hammer uses the system and comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting an axial vibration signal sensing element on a drill string, wherein the axial vibration signal sensing element is tightly attached to the drill string, and the axial direction of the axial vibration signal sensing element is consistent with the axial direction of the drill string, so that the axial vibration of the drill string is fully sensed; the axial vibration signal sensing element can transmit the acquired analog signals to an axial vibration signal collector on the ground in real time, and the axial vibration signal collector can convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals and remotely transmit the digital signals to a logging system in real time;
establishing a drill string axial vibration sample library when the air hammer normally drills in different typical rock stratums, wherein the drill string axial vibration sample library during normal drilling is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve during normal drilling of the air hammer in the typical rock stratums and used as a comparison sample of axial vibration of the drill string during normal drilling; each sample in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling consists of P drill string vibration curves in unit time;
establishing a drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions in the drilling process of the air hammer in different typical rock stratums, wherein the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions and is used as a comparison sample of the drill string axial vibration when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions; in the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions, each sample consists of P drill string vibration curves in unit time;
s2, after the drilling is started, in the logging system, according to the current unit time tsAs a starting point, the time from unit t is recordedsTo unit time ts+pThe axial vibration values of the drill string in P unit time are generated to generate an axial vibration curve of the drill string, and the axial vibration curve is respectively compared with samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string in normal drilling and samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string in abnormal working conditions of the well wall; if the comparison with the samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling is successful, the well wall condition is considered to be good, normal drilling can be performed, and the rock stratum in which drilling is performed is presumed according to the samples successfully compared; if the comparison with the sample in the drill string axial vibration sample library is successful when the borehole wall has abnormal working conditions, the corresponding abnormal condition of the sample can be considered to occur on the borehole wall, and corresponding treatment measures should be taken.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
under normal gas drilling conditions, particularly in construction sites adopting air hammer drilling, the axial vibration of a drill string has certain randomness but fluctuates within a certain range along with time. However, when the borehole wall is abnormal, the axial vibration of the drill string can be obviously changed, and the method has very important significance for judging the abnormal condition of the borehole wall.
In addition, in the gas drilling process, no mud exists in the shaft, the vibration of the drill string is greatly higher than that of mud drilling, and the transmission of the vibration signal of the air hammer is more direct and rapid, so that the detection liquid of the vibration change of the shaft wall from the ground is more reliable, the detected vibration change signal contains more abundant information, and the gas drilling device is more valuable.
According to the method for identifying the well wall condition by using the axial vibration signal transmitted by the air hammer through the drill column, the equipment is simple, and the monitoring reliability is improved; the monitoring of the working condition of the well wall is more timely, the gas drilling construction is facilitated, a correct drilling construction scheme is timely adopted, an unknown oil and gas reservoir is found, major accident potential is avoided, the principle is simple and reliable, the operation is simple and convenient, the long-term stable work can be realized, the monitoring is continuous, real-time and rapid, the judgment result is visual, and the requirement of the drilling construction is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for identifying borehole wall conditions using an air hammer axial vibration signal;
FIG. 3 is a graph of vibration amplitude for an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph of vibration amplitude for an example drill to around 4905.8 m;
FIG. 5 is a graph of vibration amplitude for the example drill to around 4915 m.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more obvious, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
As shown in fig. 2, a system for identifying a borehole wall condition using an axial vibration signal of an air hammer comprises:
axial vibration signal sensing element (3DM-S10) 101: the axial vibration signal sensing element 101 is mounted on the drill string and is tightly attached to the drill string, and the axial direction of the axial vibration signal sensing element is consistent with the axial direction of the drill string and is used for acquiring an axial vibration signal of the drill string.
Axial vibration signal collector (HH-YLB-02) 102: the axial vibration signal collector 102 is installed on the ground, is in communication connection with the axial vibration signal sensing element 102, and is configured to receive an analog signal of an axial vibration signal from the axial vibration signal sensing element 101, convert the analog signal into a data signal, and transmit the data signal to a logging system in a remote real-time manner.
The logging system 103: the logging system comprises a wireless communication module and a control calculation module. The control calculation module is in wireless communication connection with the axial vibration signal collector 102 through a wireless communication module.
The control calculation module is used for storing a drill string 104 axial vibration sample library during normal drilling in different typical rock layers by an air hammer in advance, wherein the drill string 104 axial vibration sample library during normal drilling is used for storing a drill string 104 axial vibration curve during normal drilling in the typical rock layers by the air hammer and is used as a comparison sample of drill string 104 axial vibration during normal drilling; each sample in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 during normal drilling is formed by a drill string vibration curve in P unit time; the control calculation module is also pre-stored with a drill string 104 axial vibration sample library with abnormal working conditions on the well wall in the drilling process of the air hammer in different typical rock stratums, and the drill string 104 axial vibration sample library with the abnormal working conditions on the well wall is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve when the air hammer has the abnormal working conditions on the well wall and is used as a comparison sample of the drill string 104 axial vibration when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions; in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 when the well wall has abnormal working conditions, each sample consists of P drill string 104 vibration curves in unit time.
The control calculation module is used for processing the received axial vibration signal after the drilling is started as follows:
in the current unit time tsAs a starting point, the time from unit t is recordedsTo unit time ts+pThe axial vibration value of the drill string 104 in P unit time is generated and an axial vibration curve of the drill string 104 is generated, and the axial vibration curve is respectively compared with the samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 during normal drilling and the well wallComparing samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 under abnormal working conditions; if the comparison with the samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 during normal drilling is successful, the well wall condition is considered to be good, normal drilling can be performed, and the rock stratum in which drilling is performed is presumed according to the samples successfully compared; if the comparison with the sample in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 is successful when the borehole wall has abnormal working conditions, the abnormal condition corresponding to the sample can be considered to occur on the borehole wall, and corresponding treatment measures should be taken.
There is also provided a method of identifying a borehole wall condition using an air hammer axial vibration signal, using the system of embodiment 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting an axial vibration signal sensing element 101 on a drill string, wherein the axial vibration signal sensing element 101 is tightly attached to the drill string, and the axial direction of the axial vibration signal sensing element 101 is consistent with the axial direction of the drill string, so that the axial vibration of a drill string 104 is fully sensed; the axial vibration signal sensing element 101 can transmit the acquired analog signals to an axial vibration signal collector 102 on the ground in real time, and the axial vibration signal collector 102 can convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals and remotely transmit the digital signals to a logging system 103 in real time;
establishing a drill string 104 axial vibration sample library when abnormal working conditions such as block falling, well collapse and water outlet exist on a well wall in the drilling process of the air hammer in typical rock stratums such as sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate, wherein the drill string 104 axial vibration sample library when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions is used for storing a drill string 104 axial vibration curve when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions of the air hammer and is used as a comparison sample of the drill string 104 axial vibration when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions; in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 when the well wall has abnormal working conditions, each sample consists of P drill string 104 vibration curves in unit time.
Establishing a drill string 104 axial vibration sample library when abnormal working conditions such as block falling, well collapse and water outlet exist on a well wall in the drilling process of the air hammer in typical rock stratums such as sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate, wherein the drill string 104 axial vibration sample library when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions is used for storing a drill string 104 axial vibration curve when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions of the air hammer and is used as a comparison sample of the drill string 104 axial vibration when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions; in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 when the well wall has abnormal working conditions, each sample consists of P drill string 104 vibration curves in unit time.
S2, after the drilling is started, in the logging system, according to the current unit time tsAs a starting point, the time from unit t is recordedsTo unit time ts+pAxial vibration values of the drill string 104 in P unit time are generated to generate an axial vibration curve of the drill string 104, and the axial vibration curve is respectively compared with samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 during normal drilling and samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during abnormal working conditions of the well wall; if the comparison with the samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 during normal drilling is successful, the well wall condition is considered to be good, normal drilling can be performed, and the rock stratum in which drilling is performed is presumed according to the samples successfully compared; if the comparison with the sample in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 is successful when the borehole wall has abnormal working conditions, the abnormal condition corresponding to the sample can be considered to occur on the borehole wall, and corresponding treatment measures should be taken.
Samples of the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 when the air hammer normally drills in various different typical rock formations and the axial vibration sample library of the drill string 104 when the well wall has abnormal working conditions can be obtained through laboratory experiments or field experiments and the like.
In the sample comparison process, a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm can be used to compare the axial vibration curve y of the drill string 104 to be compared with the sample s one by onenmFinding the matching distance kinAnd screening out the minimum matching distance, wherein the corresponding sample is a successfully-compared sample and can be regarded as the working condition (normal or abnormal) and the rock stratum corresponding to the sample at present on the well wall.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 3, it is a graph of the amplitude of partial vibration while drilling of a new 8-2 well petrochemical near the Xiaoquanjian of Deyang. The well design implements nitrogen drilling in a three-throw well section (depth 4905.5-4995m), and drilling is completed in advance when meeting a high-yield gas layer.
From FIG. 3, 4920-; 4927 and 4967m, the vibration is minimal when passing through a section of mudstone. 4967 and 5030m, which is conglomerate, vibration is greatest.
Fig. 4 and 5 are graphs of vibration amplitudes when drilling to about 4905.8m and about 4915m, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the vibration condition is stable in the whole drilling process, the maximum vibration amplitude is basically unchanged, and no obvious abnormal vibration exists. The drilling can be judged to be normal drilling without borehole wall abnormity.
Finally, while the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A system for identifying a borehole wall condition using an air hammer axial vibration signal, comprising:
axial vibration signal sensing element: the axial vibration signal sensing element is arranged on the drill stem and is tightly attached to the drill stem, and the axial direction of the axial vibration signal sensing element is consistent with the axial direction of the drill stem and is used for acquiring an axial vibration signal of the drill stem;
the axial vibration signal collector is arranged on the ground, is in communication connection with the axial vibration signal sensing element, and is used for receiving an analog signal of an axial vibration signal from the axial vibration signal sensing element, converting the analog signal into a data signal and then remotely transmitting the data signal to a logging system in real time;
a logging system: the logging system comprises a wireless communication module and a control calculation module, wherein the control calculation module is in wireless communication connection with the axial vibration signal collector through the wireless communication module;
the control calculation module is pre-stored with a drill string axial vibration sample library when the air hammer normally drills in different typical rock stratums, and the drill string axial vibration sample library during normal drilling is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve during normal drilling of the air hammer in the typical rock stratums and used as a comparison sample of drill string axial vibration during normal drilling; each sample in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling consists of P drill string vibration curves in unit time; the control calculation module is also pre-stored with a drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions in the drilling process of the air hammer in different typical rock stratums, and the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve when the well wall has abnormal working conditions and is used as a comparison sample of the drill string axial vibration when the well wall has abnormal working conditions; in the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions, each sample consists of P drill string vibration curves in unit time;
the control calculation module is used for processing the received axial vibration signal after the drilling is started as follows:
in the current unit time tsAs a starting point, the time from unit t is recordedsTo unit time ts+pThe axial vibration values of the drill string in P unit time are generated to generate an axial vibration curve of the drill string, and the axial vibration curve is respectively compared with samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string in normal drilling and samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string in abnormal working conditions of the well wall; if the comparison with the samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling is successful, the well wall condition is considered to be good, normal drilling can be performed, and the rock stratum in which drilling is performed is presumed according to the samples successfully compared; if the comparison with the sample in the drill string axial vibration sample library is successful when the borehole wall has abnormal working conditions, the corresponding abnormal condition of the sample can be considered to occur on the borehole wall, and corresponding treatment measures should be taken.
2. The system for identifying a borehole wall condition using an air hammer axial vibration signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the typical rock formation comprises sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate.
3. The system for identifying the condition of the borehole wall by using the axial vibration signal of the air hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the abnormal working conditions comprise working conditions of falling blocks, collapse and water discharge of the borehole wall.
4. The system for identifying the condition of the borehole wall by using the air hammer axial vibration signal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the samples of the drill string axial vibration sample library during normal drilling of the air hammer in various different typical rock formations and the samples of the drill string axial vibration sample library during abnormal working conditions of the borehole wall are obtained by laboratory experiments or field experiments.
5. The system for identifying the condition of the well wall by utilizing the axial vibration signals of the air hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sample comparison process, the axial vibration curve y of the drill string to be compared is gradually compared with the sample s by adopting a dynamic time warping algorithmnmFinding the matching distance kinAnd screening out the minimum matching distance, wherein the corresponding sample is a successfully-compared sample and can be regarded as the working condition and the rock stratum corresponding to the sample at present on the well wall.
6. A method for identifying a borehole wall condition by using an air hammer axial vibration signal, characterized in that the following steps are performed by using the system for identifying a borehole wall condition by using an air hammer axial vibration signal according to any one of claims 1 to 5:
s1, mounting an axial vibration signal sensing element on a drill string, wherein the axial vibration signal sensing element is tightly attached to the drill string, and the axial direction of the axial vibration signal sensing element is consistent with the axial direction of the drill string, so that the axial vibration of the drill string is fully sensed; the axial vibration signal sensing element can transmit the acquired analog signals to an axial vibration signal collector on the ground in real time, and the axial vibration signal collector can convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals and remotely transmit the digital signals to a logging system in real time;
establishing a drill string axial vibration sample library when the air hammer normally drills in different typical rock stratums, wherein the drill string axial vibration sample library during normal drilling is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve during normal drilling of the air hammer in the typical rock stratums and used as a comparison sample of axial vibration of the drill string during normal drilling; each sample in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling consists of P drill string vibration curves in unit time;
establishing a drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions in the drilling process of the air hammer in different typical rock stratums, wherein the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions is used for storing a drill string axial vibration curve when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions and is used as a comparison sample of the drill string axial vibration when the well wall has the abnormal working conditions; in the drill string axial vibration sample library when the well wall has abnormal working conditions, each sample consists of P drill string vibration curves in unit time;
s2, after the drilling is started, in the logging system, according to the current unit time tsAs a starting point, the time from unit t is recordedsTo the unit ts+pThe axial vibration values of the drill string in P unit time are generated to generate an axial vibration curve of the drill string, and the axial vibration curve is respectively compared with samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string in normal drilling and samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string in abnormal working conditions of the well wall; if the comparison with the samples in the axial vibration sample library of the drill string during normal drilling is successful, the well wall condition is considered to be good, normal drilling can be performed, and the rock stratum in which drilling is performed is presumed according to the samples successfully compared; if the comparison with the sample in the drill string axial vibration sample library is successful when the borehole wall has abnormal working conditions, the corresponding abnormal condition of the sample can be considered to occur on the borehole wall, and corresponding treatment measures should be taken.
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