CN106801602A - Using the method for the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of measurement while drilling instrument - Google Patents
Using the method for the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of measurement while drilling instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN106801602A CN106801602A CN201710241483.8A CN201710241483A CN106801602A CN 106801602 A CN106801602 A CN 106801602A CN 201710241483 A CN201710241483 A CN 201710241483A CN 106801602 A CN106801602 A CN 106801602A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 47
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000269793 Cryothenia peninsulae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/117—Detecting leaks, e.g. from tubing, by pressure testing
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to monitoring method technical field, it is related to a kind of using measurement while drilling instrument (Measurement While Drilling, the method of pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut MWD), is implemented using measurement while drilling instrument and wellhead ground monitoring device.Comprise the following steps that:By the use of MWD, when downhole data is transmitted, the pressure pulse that produces fluctuates signal as pressure wave source, pressure wave signal travels to surface annulus pressure sensor and standpipe pressure sensor respectively along annular space and the paths of drilling rod two, then the pressure wave signal that two sensors are received is filtered by filter processor, treatment is amplified to the weak signal after filtering by small signals amplification device, pressure pulse signal from the time difference on two lines road Fan Chu ground is calculated and recorded by data processing and real-time monitoring system, last alarm judges whether to early warning and alarm according to the time difference.Its technological operation is simple, with low cost, it is easy to install, and rationally, reliability is high, is easy to promote the use of for scientific in principle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bore hole annulus gas cut real time monitoring field in petroleum and natural gas drilling process, specifically,
It is related to the pressure pulse produced when downhole data is transmitted using measurement while drilling instrument in a kind of drilling process to fluctuate signal come real
When monitoring annular space gas cut method.Bore hole annulus are invaded for real-time monitoring early detection formation gas, is to take well control in time
The more sufficient time is won in measure.
Background technology
Gas cut is that in drilling process, when chance high pressure formation is bored, the effective head of liquid in shaft bottom is caused less than strata pressure
Natural gas in stratum invades the phenomenon of bore hole annulus drilling fluid;At the beginning of there is gas very strong compressibility, gas to invade well
Phase, because by the larger head of liquid in top, gas is in compressive state, gas volume very little, it is difficult to find gas cut.With
The circulation of drilling fluid, gas rises along bore hole annulus, and top head of liquid is gradually reduced suffered by gas, and volume constantly expands increasing
Greatly.Gas expands more severe closer to well head, and annular space head of liquid reduces faster, more easily causes gas blowout accident to occur.
Therefore, need whether real-time monitoring is carried out to gas cut in drilling operation course, it is found that more early well control risk is smaller.
Existing gas cut monitoring method mainly include mud pit level monitoring technology, well head flowmeter method, annular pressure with
Bore monitoring method and sound wave monitoring method etc..First two method is set up based on volume expansion, simple and practical, but
Be in high temperature high pressure deep well, ultra-deep well drilling and drilling well under some complicated geological conditions, find gas cut time have compared with
Big hysteresis quality.Annular pressure monitoring while drilling method can timely and effectively find gas cut, but auxiliary facility requirement is high, and cost is held high
It is expensive.Sound wave monitoring gas cut technology is a kind of early stage gas cut monitoring method that drilling well research institute of the former Soviet Union proposes.Then permitted both at home and abroad
Multi-expert scholar and company have also carried out the research of this respect in succession, but affected by various factors, fail effectively to solve phase always
Technical bottleneck is closed, does not also have popularization and application so far.
Pressure wave early monitoring gas cut technology mainly uses spread speed of the pressure wave in pure drilling fluid to be much larger than
The principle of the spread speed in gas cut drilling fluid, can when gas cut is also smaller also in well middle and lower part, gas cut amount just by
Monitor.Under conditions of annular space does not occur gas cut, spread speed of the pressure wave with annular space in drill string is essentially identical;In gas
After body is invaded in mineshaft annulus, spread speed of the pressure wave in annular space gas cut drilling fluid is obviously reduced, and is not received in drill string
Spread speed in gas cut drilling fluid is constant, so pressure wave travels to well head along drill string from shaft bottom with the paths of annular space two
Time has certain difference, it is possible to use pressure wave is in drill string and annular space is delivered to time difference on ground to monitor mineshaft annulus
Whether gas cut there is.Existing way be by the use of positioned at ground drilling fluid pump produce pressure wave as pressure wave source, its ripple
Dynamic variation characteristic is not obvious, and the method operation of pressure wave characteristic is changed and excessively complicated by adjusting pump speed or discharge capacity;And this hair
It is bright to transmit underground using the measurement while drilling instrument (MeasurementWhile Drilling, MWD) for being installed on nearly bit location
Used as pressure wave source, the pressure wave signal feature that it is produced substantially, is easy to ground to the pressure pulse fluctuation signal produced during data
Analysis system carries out effective differentiation treatment.In nearly drill bit in current directed drilling operation and part straight well drilling operation course
MWD is installed with measurement while drilling well track parameter in position, based on the present invention, it is only necessary to increases wellhead assembly and is capable of achieving annular space gas
Invade real-time monitoring;Its technological operation is simple, with low cost, it is easy to install, and rationally, reliability is high, is easy to popularization to make for scientific in principle
With.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the shortcoming for overcoming prior art to exist, seek to design a kind of oil/gas drilling bore hole annulus gas
Invade monitoring method, early detection gas cut takes counter-measure in time, it is to avoid property and personal casualty loss, for safety drilling is provided can
By ensureing.
To achieve these goals, gas cut monitoring method of the present invention is supervised using measurement while drilling instrument and wellhead ground
Device is surveyed to implement.The wellhead ground device mainly include annular pressure sensor, standpipe pressure sensor, filter processor,
Small signals amplification device, data processing and real-time monitoring system and alarm.The present invention is using the MWD hairs for being installed on nearly bit location
The pressure wave signal penetrated travels to well head by drill string and the paths of annular space two, is passed using the standpipe pressure being installed near well head
Sensor and casing pressure sensor are received from the pressure wave signal in drilling rod with annular space, using filter processor filter ring respectively
The pressure wave signal that pneumatics force snesor and standpipe pressure sensor are received, using small signals amplification device to filtering after weak letter
Number treatment is amplified, finally calculate pressure wave using data processing and real-time monitoring system travels to well head two from two paths
The time difference of individual sensor, if calculating annular pressure sensor by real-time monitoring system and standpipe pressure sensor is received
The pressure wave signal that shaft bottom MWD launches does not have time enough poor, shows that bore hole annulus do not occur gas cut or gas cut is not tight
Weight, then alarm does not send early warning or alarm signal;If real-time monitoring system calculates annular pressure sensor and standpipe pressure
Sensor receives the pressure wave signal existence time difference that shaft bottom MWD launches and reaches warning value set in advance, shows well
Eye thimble sky has occurred than more serious gas cut, then alarm sends early warning or alarm signal, and points out Field Force to take well control
Measure, until annular pressure sensor and standpipe pressure sensor receive the time of the pressure wave signal that shaft bottom MWD launches
Difference is less than warning value.
Underground signal transmitter of the present invention is the MWD that signal is transmitted using pressure pulse.
The apparatus main body structure bag of the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of utilization measurement while drilling instrument of the present invention
Include:Pressure wave signal generator MWD, annular pressure sensor, standpipe pressure sensor, filter processor, small signals amplification device,
Data processing and real-time monitoring system, alarm etc..
Compared with existing gas cut monitoring technology and device, the invention has the characteristics that:
1. underground signal transmitter is the MWD that signal is transmitted using pressure pulse, because all of directional well and part are straight
Well can all install MWD, so in the present invention, it is only necessary to increase wellhead assembly and be capable of achieving annular space gas cut real-time monitoring, its technique
Simple to operate, with low cost, it is easy to install, rationally, reliability is high, is easy to promote the use of for scientific in principle.
The pressure wave signal feature that 2.MWD is produced substantially, is easy to identification, and monitoring accuracy is high, and real-time is extremely strong, operation specialty
Property require it is low, stability preferably, measurement process utilizes computer monitoring, therefore high degree of automation.
3. when realizing that bore hole annulus occur gas cut, just can accurately discriminate whether that formation gas are invaded in gas cut early stage
Enter, give warning in advance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of agent structure of the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut device of utilization MWD of the present invention is former
Reason schematic diagram.
In figure, 1-MWD pressure wave generators, 2- annular pressures sensor, 3- standpipe pressures sensor, 4- filtering process
Device, 5- small signals amplifications device, 6- data processings and real-time monitoring system, 7- alarms.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The agent structure of the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut device of the utilization MWD that the present embodiment is related to is pressed including MWD
At wave generator 1, annular pressure sensor 2, standpipe pressure sensor 3, filter processor 4, small signals amplification device 5, data
Reason and real-time monitoring system 6, alarm 7.
Pressure wave is produced using the MWD pressure wave generators 1 for being installed on nearly bit location;Pressure wave signal by drill string and
The paths of annular space two travel to well head from shaft bottom, are passed using the annular pressure sensor 2 and standpipe pressure for being installed on pithead position
Sensor receives the pressure wave signal come from annular space and drill string respectively, using the filter ring pneumatics force snesor 2 of filter processor 4
The pressure wave signal received with standpipe pressure sensor 3, is amplified using the weak signal after the 5 pairs of filterings of small signals amplification device
Treatment, finally calculates pressure wave and travels to two sensors of well head from two paths using data processing and real-time monitoring system 6
Time difference, if calculating annular pressure sensor 2 and standpipe pressure sensor 1 by data processing and real-time monitoring system 6
Receiving the pressure wave signal that shaft bottom MWD launches does not have time enough poor, shows that shaft bottom does not occur gas cut, then alarm 7
Early warning or alarm signal are not sent;If data processing and real-time monitoring system 6 calculate annular pressure sensor 2 and standpipe pressure
Sensor 1 receives the pressure wave signal existence time difference that shaft bottom MWD launches and reaches warning value set in advance, shows well
There is gas cut in eye thimble sky, then alarm 7 sends early warning or alarm signal and sends instruction and allows Field Force to take measures, until
Annular pressure sensor 2 and standpipe pressure sensor 1 receive the time difference of the pressure wave signal that shaft bottom MWD launches less than police
Ring value.
The down-hole pressure wave launcher 1 that the present embodiment is related to is the MWD that signal is transmitted using pressure pulse.
Claims (4)
1. the method for utilizing the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of measurement while drilling instrument, it is characterised in that:Existed based on pressure wave
Spread speed, can be under during gas cut be also in well much larger than the principle of the spread speed in gas cut drilling fluid in pure drilling fluid
Portion, gas cut amount are just monitored to when also smaller;Measurement while drilling instrument (MeasurementWhile Drilling, MWD) is being passed
Pass the pressure pulse fluctuation signal produced during downhole data and travel to surface annulus pressure respectively along annular space and the paths of drilling rod two
Sensor (2) and standpipe pressure sensor (3), well is received according to annular pressure sensor (2) and standpipe pressure sensor (3)
The time difference of the pressure pulse fluctuation signal that bottom MWD launches judges whether bore hole annulus occur gas cut, and gas cut occurs
The order of severity, and determine whether to send early warning and alarm signal by alarm (7).
2. the method for the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of utilization measurement while drilling instrument according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the underground signal transmitter is the MWD that signal is transmitted using pressure pulse, MWD is produced when downhole data is transmitted
Pressure pulse fluctuate signal along drill string and annular space simultaneously earthward transmit;If by data processing and real-time monitoring system
(6) calculate annular pressure sensor (2) and standpipe pressure sensor (3) receives shaft bottom MWD pressure wave generators (1) transmitting
The pressure wave signal for going out does not have time enough poor, shows that bore hole annulus do not occur gas cut, then alarm (7) do not send early warning or
Alarm signal;If data processing and real-time monitoring system (6) calculate annular pressure sensor (2) and standpipe pressure sensor
(3) receive the pressure wave signal existence time difference launched in shaft bottom MWD generators (1) and reach warning value set in advance,
Show that bore hole annulus have occurred gas cut, then alarm (7) sends early warning or alarm signal, and points out Field Force to take well control to arrange
Apply, until annular pressure sensor (2) and standpipe pressure sensor (3) receive shaft bottom MWD generation pressure wave signal when
Between difference be less than warning value.
3. the method for the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of the utilization measurement while drilling instrument according to claim 1-2, its
It is characterised by, when without there is gas cut, the pressure arteries and veins that the MWD pressure wave generators (1) produce when downhole data is transmitted
Spread speed of the fluctuation signal in drill string and in annular space is rushed basically identical, so passing through data processing and real-time monitoring system
(6) the time difference Δ t ≈ 0 for calculating;After there is gas cut in bore hole annulus, propagation time of the pressure wave in pure drilling fluid in drill string
It is basically unchanged, is set to t1;And spread speed of the pressure wave in biphase gas and liquid flow in annular space reduces, propagation time increase is set to
t2;So travel to the time difference Δ t=t of Well mouth sensor respectively from two paths2-t1>0.By Δ t and police set in advance
Ring value Δ T-phase compares, and as Δ t >=Δ T, shows that bore hole annulus have occurred than more serious gas cut, it is necessary to pass through alarm (7)
Send alarm signal;As Δ t<During Δ T, show that bore hole annulus do not occur gas cut or gas cut is not serious, wouldn't need to take well
Control measure, but data processing and real-time monitoring system need to continue real-time monitoring of the holding to gas cut.
4. the method for the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of the utilization measurement while drilling instrument according to claim 1-3, its
Being characterised by the agent set of the utilization measurement while drilling instrument real-time monitoring oil/gas drilling annular space gas cut includes pressure wave signal
Generator MWD (1), annular pressure sensor (2), standpipe pressure sensor (3), filter processor (4), small signals amplification device
(5), data processing and real-time monitoring system (6), alarm (7);Situ of drilling well operation is subject in pressure wave signal transmittance process
Influence, signal attenuation is big, definition is low, it is therefore desirable to which annular pressure sensor (2) and standpipe pressure sensor (3) are received
To pressure wave signal be filtered and enhanced processing.The filter processor (4) combines arithmetic mean value filtering and intermediate value is filtered
Wave technology, the former can suppress PERIODIC INTERFERENCE and random disturbances, and the latter has preferable filtration to impulse of pressure wave noise,
Both are combined and can reach good filter effect;The small signals amplification processor (5) uses differential amplifier circuit and programming
The mode that gain is amplified, differential amplifier circuit can avoid pressure wave from receiving sensor and be subject to more serious interference pressure wave signal
The interference pressure wave signal of the common mode of striking resemblances can be even avoided, is very suitable for being amplified pressure wave signal at place
Reason.Using pressure wave signal gain amplification disposal, programming can realize relatively broad gain linearity regulation.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109386279A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of pit shaft gas incursion check method and system |
CN110138705A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of pressure wave modulator, data transmission system and control method and coding method |
CN112483074A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for predicting gas invasion phenomenon in drilling process |
CN116220665A (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-06-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas invasion early-stage monitoring experimental device and experimental method based on pressure wave method |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109386279A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of pit shaft gas incursion check method and system |
CN110138705A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of pressure wave modulator, data transmission system and control method and coding method |
CN110138705B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2022-02-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Pressure wave modulator, data transmission system, control method and coding method |
CN112483074A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for predicting gas invasion phenomenon in drilling process |
CN116220665A (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-06-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas invasion early-stage monitoring experimental device and experimental method based on pressure wave method |
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