CN102226377A - Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof - Google Patents
Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102226377A CN102226377A CN2011101386015A CN201110138601A CN102226377A CN 102226377 A CN102226377 A CN 102226377A CN 2011101386015 A CN2011101386015 A CN 2011101386015A CN 201110138601 A CN201110138601 A CN 201110138601A CN 102226377 A CN102226377 A CN 102226377A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a downhole blowout prevention technology and belongs to the technical field of downhole blowout prevention. The invention relates to a drill string equipped with a downhole blowout preventer, and the drill string comprises a drill string body, wherein a drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the drill string body. The drill string is characterized in that the downhole blowout preventer is mounted on the drill string body, at least one pressure monitoring and signal generating device is arranged at one end, adjacent to the drill bit, of the drill string body, a signal receiving and alarm generating device is arranged at the upper part of the top of the drill string body, and the signal receiving and alarm generating device is matched with the pressure monitoring and signal generating device. By adopting the drill string equipped with the downhole blowout preventer, downhole well kick or blowout can be effectively monitored; and furthermore, the alarm signal transfer speed is fast, measures can be timely and effectively adopted for implementing well sealing, the blowout preventer is positioned above a neutralization point, the blowout preventer is in a tension state, the purposes of placing a pipe column downwards for setting and lifting the pipe column upwards for unsealing can be realized, and the well kick or the blowout can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical field
Blowout prevention technology when the present invention relates in a kind of oilfield drilling process well kick, blowout take place.
Background technology
In the each task of oil exploration and oil field development, drilling well plays crucial effect, such as seeking and confirm oil gas structure, acquisition industry oil stream, verify the oily area and the reserves of certified oil gas structure, obtain the geologic information and the development data in relevant oil field, come or the like none not finish from the underground ground of getting crude oil at last by drilling well, drilling well is an important step of exploration and recover petroleum and natural gas resource, is the important means of exploration and exploitation oil.
In drilling process, when boring the chance oil-gas Layer, if bottom pressure is lower than strata pressure, formation fluid will enter well, after layer fluid enters well in large quantities, just might produce well kick, blowout, even catch fire etc., lead to major accident.Therefore, in drilling process, adopting an effective measure, to carry out oil gas well pressure control be an extremely important link of drilling safety.But, especially all the more so when new block is pried into well because the pressure of high-pressure oil-gas layer is difficult to accurately prediction, so the thing that the stratum high-pressure oil gas enters well in the drilling process happens occasionally.Below all the well kick gas blowout accident might take place under three kinds of situations: in the drilling process, remove drilling rod process, empty well state.Empty well state generation blowout probability is very low, the process that makes a trip prevents excessive suction force if can control the speed of making a trip well, can effectively reduce well kick gas blowout accident occurrence probability, and in the drilling process because of can't accurately predicting the high-pressure oil gas stressor layer, the probability maximum of well kick blowout takes place.
When finding well kick, blowout sign, rapidly and efficiently carry out closing well and kill job is the important assurance that effectively reduces gas blowout accident.Yet traditional well head observation overflow of passing through comes well kick is judged promptly when overflow is found on ground, had shortcomings such as having bad assurance of the degree of accuracy and the serious hysteresis of judgement a large amount of stratum liquid to invade in the well, and caused follow-up kill job difficulty.And adopt PWD system (Pressure While Drilling pressure monitoring while drilling system) can monitor annular pressure in real time, and pressure signal can be uploaded to ground, but this system price costliness, realize relatively difficulty of penetration and promotion, and be that the mud-pulse mode that adopts is carried out transfer of data, signaling rate is slow, be easy to generate error code, also there is signal transmission delay to a certain degree, especially can influence the transmission channel of this signal after local floor height hydraulic fluid (especially gas) has begun to invade in the well, cause the bit error rate to raise even can't carry out signal transmitting.
When finding well kick, blowout sign, rapidly and efficiently carry out closing well and kill job is the important assurance that effectively reduces gas blowout accident.Traditional pass well operations (the domestic soft closings of using) is more: after finding well kick, open choke valve earlier, close preventer again, little to wellhead assembly and annular space water hammer like this, but because its closed-in time is long, formation fluid intrusion amount is bigger, and the extra formation fluid that increases also can have additonal pressure to wellhead assembly and stratum, can bring difficulty to kill-job.
At present, preventer used in the oilfield drilling process is installed on well head more, in drilling process, the nearly drill bit of drill string place can be equipped with the adverse current that arrow type flap valve prevents the drill string inner fluid, and wellhead blowout preventor is used for the packing annular space more in drilling process, have only when need cut off the drilling rod operation, just carry out the full hole shut-in well.When operating personnel after the possible well kick phenomenon in aboveground discovery down-hole, open control system and finish wellhead blowout preventor and close well operations, take place to prevent gas blowout accident.The action of this class preventer, necessary experience and the sense of responsibility that relies on operating personnel may prevent that just gas blowout accident from taking place.If operating personnel lack experience or the carelessness when working, fail in time to find well kick or blowout sign, serious accident will take place.And traditional wellhead blowout preventor is after closing well operations, that carries out replaces the mud lubrication operating time long, can cause more bottom fluid to be invaded in the pit shaft, strengthened down-hole annular pressure reduction, thereby strengthened the difficulty of control blowout, simultaneously traditional signal transmission, all be to realize by mud-pulse, it mainly is to adding a mud pulse generator in the middle of the mud circulation pipeline, no matter carry out two-way communication, be the collection of underground signal or the control of follow-up blowout prevention therefore, and the transmission speed of its signal is all slower, and length consuming time can not play the effect of early warning and blowout prevention at all.The new drill column structure of therefore necessary design one cover, in this new drill column structure, be provided with a kind of down-hole pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, this device is with the drill string G.I.H, annular pressure in the well is monitored in real time, when finding that annular pressure changes, can judge it, if being judged as the stratum high-pressure fluid invades, when well kick blowout sign promptly may take place, in the shortest time well kick blowout signal is delivered to ground with sound wave or form of electromagnetic wave by drilling rod, the ground staff just can make a response to well kick, blowout in the very first time like this.Also need to install a kind of down-hole annular preventer on this drill column structure, this annular blowout preventer places the down-hole, when ground receives shaft bottom well kick blowout signal, operation down-hole annular preventer packing annular space, and the flap valve at nearly drill bit place is effectively in the packing drill string, and can be above the annular space packer after the packing in the conducting drill string and annular space, so that follow-up down-hole annular preventer for the weighted mud kill job, and adopt this down-hole annular packer to cooperate nearly drill bit flap valve (one way valve) and early stage well kick overflow early warning system, can reach early and find, the well control guideline of handling early, and conventional easier the carrying out of well control operation.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is: at the problem of above-mentioned existence, provide a kind of simple in structure, use very convenient, operate very easy, well kick or the blowout under the monitor well in time, and can shunt in a well rapidly, prevent drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed and method of work thereof that gas blowout accident takes place effectively, this is equipped with the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer, well kick under the monitor well or blowout effectively, and one way signal transmission, the alarm signal transmission speed is fast, can take measures to implement shut-in well in time, preventer is positioned at the above position of the point of neutralization, and preventer is in tension state, can realize that transferring tubing string sets, upper lifting pipe post deblocking, this is equipped with the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer, and preventer is done with driller, can repeatedly realize that blowout prevention sets the action with deblocking in the down-hole, need not trip out drill string and carry out the preventer replacing, can reuse, reduce overall cost; The method of work of the drill string of down-hole blowout prevention is installed, this method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, location between each component is accurate, can monitor the well kick or the blowout of down-hole effectively, realizes shut-in well and deblocking rapidly, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee safe in utilization in the drilling process.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, comprise the drill string body, the bottom of described drill string body is provided with drill bit, on the drill string body, downhole blow-out preventer is installed, end at the contiguous drill bit of drill string body is provided with at least one pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, be provided with signal on the top at the top of drill string body and receive and alarm generator, described signal receives and alarm generator is complementary with pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus.
Owing to adopted said structure, bottom at the drill string body, an end that is the contiguous drill bit of drill string is provided with pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, be used for the force value under the monitor well of drilling process, in case when finding that the force value of down-hole changes suddenly, the program that this pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus are set by contrast, when this pressure signal is abnormal pressure, promptly send signal, this signal is set at the kelly bar upper end or the top at drill string top and drives the signal receiver acceptance that the lower end is provided with, this signal receiver receives by signal immediately and alarm generator sends alarm signal, control this moment personnel can promptly make a response, and the unexpected situation that the reply down-hole occurs is transferred the drill string body and set, realize the sealing of annular space in the well, reach the effect of control well kick and blowout.After blowout is controlled, on carry the drill string deblocking, easy to operate, blowout prevention is effective.The drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, can in time detect the pressure condition of down-hole, can finish the unusual alarm operation of down-hole pressure, the while drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, adopt unidirectional signal transmission that the phenomenon of down-hole is judged, promptly broken those skilled in the art's technology prejudice, existing technician is to the detection of phenomenons such as down-hole blowout or well kick, what all adopt is two-way communication, owing to the time that two-way communication is spent is long, and signal constantly decay in transmission course, by down-hole and aboveground multiple signal comparison, send alarm signal again, signal delay is longer, reacted slow, and can not get rid of dangerous situation in time, and the present invention adopts unidirectional signal transmission, can realize that the down-hole reacts rapidly and send signal, transmit warning message fast, can immediately get rid of, guarantee safe in utilization dangerous situation.This signal can adopt multiple signal to transmit, and as sound wave, electromagnetism wave-wave etc. make the transferable distance of signal increase, and can effectively detect the well kick and the blowout of down-hole.The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention forms a whole set of early warning and treatment system, can effectively prevent well kick and blowout etc.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus mainly pass through to detect the down-hole pressure value, and this force value is judged, if exceptional value is then sent signal; If normal value is then disregarded.
Owing to adopted said structure, this pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus are after detecting the force value of down-hole, can promptly compare default program, judge again, when if this force value is unusual force value, send signal at once,, then disregard if when this force value is pressure oscillation in the normal range (NR).This pressure monitoring and the signal generation apparatus automatically pressure of down-hole are compared and are judged, has the function of correcting errors in printing automatically, can exclude the interference signal effectively on the one hand, can effectively dangerous pressure be contrasted on the other hand, and promptly send signal, and be convenient to follow-up operation, be swift in response, can immediately the dangerous situation of down-hole be carried earthward, be convenient to control.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus send are acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal.
Because above-mentioned drill string, carry signal to adopt acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal, and the spread speed of this signal in down-hole or drill string is very fast, can be promptly the dangerous situation signal of down-hole be transmitted earthward, make the ground handling personnel can promptly know the down-hole situation, and can take measures in time to implement shut-in well, avoid the generation of dangerous situation.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described signal receives and alarm generator mainly receives the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus send, and the electromagnetic wave signal that gives the alarm.
Owing to adopted said structure, signal reception and alarm generator are installed on the kelly bar upper end or the top at the drill string top on drill string body top and drive the lower end, can be by the signal under the drilling rod received well, and promptly send the warning electromagnetic wave signal, give the alarm for the terrestrial operation personnel, carry out the blowout prevention shut-in well thereby be convenient to tissue.This drill string can promptly be converted to underground signal aboveground alarm signal, and transmission speed is quick.The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention has formed a whole set of early warning and treatment system, can effectively prevent well kick and blowout etc.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described downhole blow-out preventer can be realized setting by transferring the drill string body, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking.
Owing to adopted said structure, the feasible drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed, can realize setting by transferring the drill string body, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking, thereby make the packing of down-hole annular operate very convenient and swift, moment can be realized shut-in well and deblocking, and it is consuming time few to shunt in a well, can control phenomenons such as well kick and blowout effectively, guarantee the handling safety of creeping into.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, but the outer annular space of described downhole blow-out preventer packing drill string, in the process of annular space packing, but downhole blow-out preventer conducting drill string is interior and annular space.
Owing to adopted said structure, in the packing process of annular space, but downhole blow-out preventer conducting drill string is interior and annular space, can make that the drilling fluid in the drilling rod enters into annular space, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job, be beneficial to phenomenons such as eliminating blowout or well kick.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described downhole blow-out preventer are arranged at the point of neutralization of drill string body and above position thereof, and when making drill string work, downhole blow-out preventer is in tension state.
Owing to adopted said structure, the point of neutralization of drill string body is the separation of tension and pressurized, downhole blow-out preventer is installed on the position more than the point of neutralization of drill string, make downhole blow-out preventer in use be under the state of tension, because the special construction of preventer, in usual drilling process, preventer is in tension state, and the downhole blow-out preventer of this moment possesses the function of transfer torque.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described downhole blow-out preventer mainly is made up of annular blowout preventer and flap valve, described flap valve is arranged at the below of annular blowout preventer, described annular blowout preventer is provided with packing element and preventer conducting orifice, and described preventer conducting orifice is arranged at the packing element top.
Owing to adopted said structure, annular blowout preventer on the drill string, be used for the outer annular space of packing drill string, and the drill string blowout preventer on the drill string, be flap valve, be used to stop on the mud in the drill string and return that flap valve and down-hole annular preventer one work not only in the packing drill string but also while packing annular space, thereby control the generation of blowout, eliminate danger.And annular blowout preventer mainly is by packing element, and realization and sleeve pipe or the borehole wall carry out packing, guarantees the packing good seal of annular space, and the preventer conducting orifice is mainly used in the conducting drill string and annular space, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described annular blowout preventer comprises upper binding head, goes up outer sleeve, inner sleeve, lower contact, central tube and packing element, upper binding head is fixedlyed connected with last outer sleeve, inner sleeve, described central tube is coated at upper binding head, goes up the inside of outer sleeve, inner sleeve and lower contact, and fixedlys connected with lower contact in the lower end of central tube; The lower end of described inner sleeve is set in the inboard, upper end of lower contact, and between inner sleeve and the lower contact spline fitted, the lower end of described inner sleeve can move freely with respect to lower contact along spline pair, the outside of described inner sleeve is set with packing element, described packing element can be by last outer sleeve and lower contact extrusion expansion, last outer sleeve and central tube are provided with the preventer conducting orifice, and when last outer sleeve moved down, the preventer conducting orifice was switched on.
Drill string of the present invention, wherein the downhole blow-out preventer of Cai Yonging is mounted in the parts on the drill string point of neutralization, it at first wants to satisfy the effect as a building block of drill string, promptly when normally creeping into, want to bear certain pulling force, processing accident (well kick blowout prevention) time, want to bear certain pressure, in drilling process, also want to transmit enough moments of torsion.Therefore adopting said structure, is spline fitted between inner sleeve and the lower contact, and upper binding head fixedlys connected with last outer sleeve, inner sleeve, and lower contact can be rotated simultaneously with inner sleeve, can be the normal use transfer torque of drill string; The lower end of described inner sleeve can move freely with respect to lower contact along spline pair, can transfer tubing string and upper binding head is moved down realize setting, and prevents blowout or well kick; Owing to fixedly connected with lower contact in the lower end of central tube, therefore after top connection moves down, packing element is by last outer sleeve and lower contact extrusion expansion, thereby the annular space between sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe, last outer sleeve and central tube are provided with the preventer conducting orifice, when last outer sleeve moves down, the preventer conducting orifice is switched on, this moment, the preventer conducting orifice was sealed on every side, can make that the slurries in the annular space enter in the central tube, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job; Avoid blowout and well kick effectively.The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention can guarantee that drilling process continuously, safely, reliably, not only can be used for preventing well kick and blowout, can also carry-over moment, guarantee carrying out in order of drilling process, and be skillfully constructed, be fit to promote, can be installed on different well depth occasions, do, can repeatedly realize that open flow sets the action with deblocking in the down-hole with driller, need not mention drill string and change preventer, guarantee proceeding of drilling well work, and can reuse, reduce cost.
The drill string method of work that downhole blow-out preventer is installed among the present invention is characterized in that: in drilling process, when meeting high pressure oil reservoir or gas reservoir, need preventer to implement packing, its method of work is as follows:
101. pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus detect the force value of down-hole, and will be worth with the program of setting and compare, when if this force value is abnormal pressure, signal excitation device on starting pressure monitoring immediately and the signal generation apparatus, the signal excitation device sends the pressure anomaly signal, this signal is upwards propagated along the drill string body, and the signal that is installed in drill string top receives and alarm generator receives, signal receives and alarm generator gives the alarm electromagnetic wave signal; If this force value is a normal pressure, then do not handled;
102. after ground receives signal, start emergency response, initiatively or transfer the drill string body automatically, the packing element in the annular blowout preventer is extruded expansion, the annular space between packing element sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe is realized setting;
103. move down in the process that sets at downhole blow-out preventer, the preventer conducting orifice in the annular blowout preventer is switched on, and is communicated with in the drilling rod and annular space, and replaces the weighted mud kill job;
104. controlled when blowout, on carry the drill string body, the packing element in the annular blowout preventer is withdrawn automatically, annular blowout preventer is by deblocking, the preventer conducting orifice is closed simultaneously.
Owing to adopted said method, can monitor the well kick or the blowout of down-hole effectively, in drilling process, when meeting high pressure oil reservoir or gas reservoir, when needing to implement packing, can react rapidly, set the annular space between the drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe, realize rapidly shut-in well and deblocking, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee safe in utilization in the drilling process.This method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, the location between each component is accurate.The signal that adopts in the alarm procedure is an one-way communication, can adopt multiple signal to transmit, and makes the transferable distance of signal increase, and can effectively detect the well kick and the blowout of down-hole.
In sum, owing to adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, well kick under the monitor well or blowout effectively, and the alarm signal transmission speed is fast, can have and take measures to implement shut-in well effectively, preventer is positioned at the above position of the point of neutralization, and preventer is in tension state, can realize that transferring tubing string sets, upper lifting pipe post deblocking prevents well kick or blowout effectively;
2, the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention adopts the one way signal transmission, and can adopt multiple signal to transmit, transmission speed is fast, and is consuming time few, for being swift in response of dangerous situation, form a whole set of early warning and treatment system, can effectively prevent well kick and blowout etc.;
3, the method for work that the drill string of this down-hole blowout prevention is installed of the present invention, this method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, can monitor the well kick or the blowout of down-hole effectively, realize rapidly shut-in well and deblocking, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee safe in utilization in the drilling process.
Description of drawings
The present invention will illustrate by example and with reference to the mode of accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the annular blowout preventer among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the B-B view among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention.
Mark among the figure: 1-drill bit, 2-pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, 2-1-first pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, 2-2-second pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, 3-downhole blow-out preventer, 3-1-flap valve, 3-2-annular blowout preventer, 3-2a-packing element, 3-2b-preventer conducting orifice, 3-2c-upper binding head, the last outer sleeve of 3-2d-, 3-2e-inner sleeve, 3-2f-lower contact, 3-2g-central tube, 4-sleeve pipe, 5-drilling rod, 6-signal receive and alarm generator.
The specific embodiment
Disclosed all features in this manual, or the step in disclosed all methods or the process except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can make up by any way.
This manual comprises any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing) in disclosed arbitrary feature, unless special narration all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar purpose.That is, unless special narration, each feature is an example in a series of equivalences or the similar characteristics.
The drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, the drill string body is provided with drill bit 1, and the drill string body is provided with downhole blow-out preventer 3, this downhole blow-out preventer 3 is installed on the position more than the point of neutralization of drill string body, can certainly select not to be installed in the above position of the point of neutralization according to the actual needs.And the drill string body is positioned at the sleeve pipe or the borehole wall, contiguous drill bit 1 one ends at the drill string body are provided with two pressure monitorings and signal generation apparatus 2, can certainly be set to a plurality of according to the actual needs, be respectively first pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2-1 and second pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2-2, in two pressure monitorings and signal generation apparatus, be provided with the pressure acquisition device, force value analytical system and signaling device, when the pressure acquisition device detects the force value of down-hole, this force value can be passed to the force value analytical system, this force value analytical system compares force value and the setting program that collects, judge, if this force value is the abnormal pressure value, excitation signal issue device promptly then, make it promptly send signal, comprise acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal, and this signal transmits earthward along drill string, because acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal are in limited space, down-hole, very fast of its spread speed, and suitable little of signal attenuation, be provided with signal receives and alarm generator 6 at the top of drill string body, this device and pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2 are complementary, can receive the signal that send the down-hole rapidly, and this signal is changed into the alarm electromagnetic wave signal, the staff on notice ground carries out the blowout prevention operation, whole alarm procedure was finished in several seconds, improved the reaction time of existing early warning and alarming system widely, make the sensitivity that reacting phase is worked as, for the detection of down-hole provides sound assurance.The drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, it above two pressure-detecting devices downhole blow-out preventer 3, and be positioned at the above position of the point of neutralization of drill string, when making drill string work, downhole blow-out preventer (3) is in tension state, this downhole blow-out preventer 3 mainly is made up of flap valve 3-1 and annular blowout preventer 3-2, described flap valve 3-1 is arranged at the below of annular blowout preventer 3-1, described annular blowout preventer 3-1 is provided with packing element 3-2a and preventer conducting orifice 3-2b, described preventer conducting orifice 3-2b is arranged at packing element 3-2a top, above drill string blowout preventer 16.Described annular blowout preventer 3-2 comprises upper binding head 3-2c, goes up outer sleeve 3-2d, inner sleeve 3-2e, lower contact 3-2f, central tube 3-2g and packing element 3-2a, upper binding head 3-2c is fixedlyed connected with last outer sleeve 3-2d, inner sleeve 3-2e, the inside that described central tube 3-2g is coated at upper binding head 3-2c, goes up outer sleeve 3-2d, inner sleeve 3-2e and lower contact 3-2f, and fixedly connected with lower contact 3-2f in the lower end of central tube 3-2g; The lower end of described inner sleeve 3-2e is set in the inboard, upper end of lower contact 3-2f, and be spline fitted between inner sleeve 3-2e and the lower contact 3-2f, the lower end of described inner sleeve 3-2e can move freely with respect to lower contact 3-2f along spline pair, the outside of described inner sleeve 3-2e is set with packing element 3-2a, described packing element 3-2a can be by last outer sleeve 3-2d and lower contact 3-2f extrusion expansion, last outer sleeve 3-2d and central tube 3-2g are provided with preventer conducting orifice 3-2b, when last outer sleeve 3-2d moved down, preventer conducting orifice 3-2b was switched on.Make the present invention that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed, annular blowout preventer on the drill string, be used for the outer annular space of packing drill string, and the drill string blowout preventer on the drill string, be flap valve, be used to stop on the mud in the drill string and return that flap valve and down-hole annular preventer one work not only in the packing drill string but also while packing annular space, thereby control the generation of blowout, eliminate danger.Preventer conducting orifice 3-2b is switched on, and is communicated with in the drilling rod and annular space, the drilling fluid in the drilling rod can be drained in the annular space by preventer conducting orifice 3-2b, replaces the weighted mud kill job.And annular blowout preventer mainly is to pass through packing element, materials such as packing element employing rubber are made, can realization and effective packing of the sleeve pipe or the borehole wall, guarantee the packing good seal of annular space, and the preventer conducting orifice is mainly used in the conducting drill string and annular space, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job, be beneficial to phenomenons such as eliminating blowout or well kick.This drill string can be realized setting in the blowout prevention operating process by transferring the drill string body, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking, very convenient and swift of operation can promptly be realized the packing of annular space in the well, can carry out follow-up for the weighted mud kill job.Annular blowout preventer 3-2 among the present invention, upper binding head 3-2c wherein, last outer sleeve 3-2d and inner sleeve 3-2e can be a monolithic construction, and described lower contact 3-2f also can adopt the two-part structure, includes spline segment and no spline segment, is convenient to save cost.
The downhole blow-out preventer that adopts among the present invention, simple in structure, easy to use, easy and simple to handle, unidirectional signal transmission is adopted in well kick or the blowout under the monitor well in time, and the data that realize the down-hole are judged, can shorten the pre-warning time of dangerous situation widely, guarantee that early warning is rapid, the safety of use, and transferring tubing string sets, upper lifting pipe post deblocking guarantees shut-in well rapidly, prevents that effectively gas blowout accident from taking place, and can guarantee that drilling process continuously, safely, reliably, and need not mention drill string after the blowout prevention and change preventer, can reuse, reduce cost.
The method of work that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention as shown in Figure 4, in drilling process, when meeting high pressure oil reservoir or gas reservoir, needs to implement packing, and its method of operating adopts following steps to finish:
101. pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2 detect the force value of down-hole, and will be worth with the program of setting and compare, when if this force value is abnormal pressure, signal excitation device on starting pressure monitoring immediately and the signal generation apparatus 2, the signal excitation device sends the pressure anomaly signal, this signal is upwards propagated along the drill string body, and the signal that is installed in drill string top receives and alarm generator 6 receives, signal receives and alarm generator 6 gives the alarm electromagnetic wave signal; If this force value is a normal pressure, then do not handled;
After 102. ground receives signal, start emergency response, initiatively or transfer the drill string body automatically, the packing element 3-2a among the annular blowout preventer 3-2 is extruded expansion, annular space between packing element 3-2a sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe is realized setting;
103. move down in the process that sets at downhole blow-out preventer 3, the preventer conducting orifice 3-2b among the annular blowout preventer 3-2 is switched on, and is communicated with in the drilling rod and annular space, and replaces the weighted mud kill job;
104. controlled when blowout, on carry the drill string body, the packing element 3-2a among the annular blowout preventer 3-2 withdraws automatically, annular blowout preventer 3-2 is by deblocking, preventer conducting orifice 3-2b is closed simultaneously, continues to creep into or other actions.
The method of work that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, can monitor the well kick or the blowout of down-hole effectively, in drilling process, when meeting high pressure oil reservoir or gas reservoir, when needing to implement packing, can react rapidly, set the annular space between the drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe, realize rapidly shut-in well and deblocking, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee safe in utilization in the drilling process.This method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, the location between each component is accurate.The signal that adopts in the alarm procedure is an one-way communication, can adopt multiple signal to transmit, and makes the transferable distance of signal increase, and can effectively detect the well kick and the blowout of down-hole.
The present invention is not limited to the aforesaid specific embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature or any new combination that discloses in this manual, and the arbitrary new method that discloses or step or any new combination of process.
Claims (10)
1. drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed, comprise the drill string body, the bottom of described drill string body is provided with drill bit (1), it is characterized in that: downhole blow-out preventer (3) is installed on the drill string body, end at the contiguous drill bit of drill string body (1) is provided with at least one pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2), be provided with signal on the top at the top of drill string body and receive and alarm generator (6), described signal receives and alarm generator (6) is complementary with pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2).
2. the drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) mainly pass through to detect the down-hole pressure value, and this force value is judged, if exceptional value is then sent signal; If normal value is then disregarded.
3. the drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) send is acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal.
4. as the drill string of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described installation downhole blow-out preventers, it is characterized in that: described signal receives and alarm generator (6) mainly receives the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) send, and the electromagnetic wave signal that gives the alarm.
5. as the drill string of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described installation downhole blow-out preventers, it is characterized in that: described downhole blow-out preventer (3) can be realized setting by transferring the drill string body, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking.
6. the drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described downhole blow-out preventer (3) but the outer annular space of packing drill string, in the annular space packing process, downhole blow-out preventer (3) but in the conducting drill string and annular space.
7. as claim 1 or 2 or the drill string of 3 or 6 described installation downhole blow-out preventers, it is characterized in that: described downhole blow-out preventer (3) is arranged at the point of neutralization of drill string body and above position thereof, and when making drill string work, downhole blow-out preventer (3) is in tension state.
8. as claim 1 or 2 or the drill string of 3 or 6 described installation downhole blow-out preventers, it is characterized in that: described downhole blow-out preventer (3) mainly is made up of annular blowout preventer (3-2) and flap valve (3-1), described flap valve (3-1) is arranged at the below of annular blowout preventer (3-2), described annular blowout preventer (3-2) is provided with packing element (3-2a) and preventer conducting orifice (3-2b), and described preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) is arranged at packing element (3-2a) top.
9. the drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described annular blowout preventer (3-2) comprises upper binding head (3-2c), last outer sleeve (3-2d), inner sleeve (3-2e), lower contact (3-2f), central tube (3-2g) and packing element (3-2a), upper binding head (3-2c) and last outer sleeve (3-2d), (3-2e) is fixedly connected for inner sleeve, described central tube (3-2g) is placed in upper binding head (3-2c), last outer sleeve (3-2d), the inside of inner sleeve (3-2e) and lower contact (3-2f), and fixedly connected with lower contact (3-2f) in the lower end of central tube (3-2g); The lower end of described inner sleeve (3-2e) is set in the inboard, upper end of lower contact (3-2f), and between inner sleeve (3-2e) and the lower contact (3-2f) is spline fitted, the lower end of described inner sleeve (3-2e) can move freely with respect to lower contact (3-2f) along spline pair, the outside of described inner sleeve (3-2e) is set with packing element (3-2a), described packing element (3-2a) can be by last outer sleeve (3-2d) and lower contact (3-2f) extrusion expansion, last outer sleeve (3-2d) is provided with preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) with central tube (3-2g), last outer sleeve (3-2d) is when moving down, and preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) is switched on.
10. one kind as each described method of work that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that: in drilling process, when meeting high pressure oil reservoir or gas reservoir, need preventer to implement packing, its method of work is as follows:
Pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) detect the force value of down-hole, and will be worth with the program of setting and compare, when if this force value is abnormal pressure, signal excitation device on starting pressure monitoring immediately and the signal generation apparatus (2), the signal excitation device sends the pressure anomaly signal, this signal is upwards propagated along the drill string body, the signal that is installed in drill string top receives and alarm generator (6) receives, signal receives and alarm generator (6) gives the alarm electromagnetic wave signal; If this force value is a normal pressure, then disregard;
After ground receives signal, start emergency response, initiatively or transfer the drill string body automatically, the packing element (3-2a) in the annular blowout preventer (3-2) is extruded expansion, annular space between packing element (3-2a) sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe is realized setting;
103. in the process that downhole blow-out preventer (3) sets, the preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) in the annular blowout preventer (3-2) is switched on, and is communicated with in the drilling rod and annular space, and replaces the weighted mud kill job;
104. controlled when blowout, on carry the drill string body, the packing element (3-2a) in the annular blowout preventer (3-2) is withdrawal automatically, annular blowout preventer (3-2) is by deblocking, preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) is closed simultaneously.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110138601 CN102226377B (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof |
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| CN 201110138601 CN102226377B (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
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| EP2938810A4 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-07-27 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Mitigating swab and surge piston effects in wellbores |
| CN106801602A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-06-06 | 西南石油大学 | Using the method for the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of measurement while drilling instrument |
| CN109267962A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-25 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of motor driven compression rubber downhole blow-out preventer |
| CN109281635A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-29 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of explosion excitation formula downhole annular blowout preventer |
| CN109403907A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-01 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of deep water is drilled well integrated well control safety control new method up and down |
| CN109611052A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Casing packer |
| CN114737909A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-12 | 建湖县杰林石化机械有限公司 | Pressure annular blowout preventer |
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| CN109267962A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-25 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of motor driven compression rubber downhole blow-out preventer |
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| CN109611052A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Casing packer |
| CN114737909A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-12 | 建湖县杰林石化机械有限公司 | Pressure annular blowout preventer |
| CN114737909B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-09-12 | 建湖县杰林石化机械有限公司 | Pressure annular blowout preventer |
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