CN112458523A - Ceramic anode electroplating bath - Google Patents
Ceramic anode electroplating bath Download PDFInfo
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- CN112458523A CN112458523A CN202011259365.8A CN202011259365A CN112458523A CN 112458523 A CN112458523 A CN 112458523A CN 202011259365 A CN202011259365 A CN 202011259365A CN 112458523 A CN112458523 A CN 112458523A
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- ceramic
- anode
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- bath
- ceramic anode
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910003264 NiFe2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/02—Tanks; Installations therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/16—Regeneration of process solutions
- C25D21/18—Regeneration of process solutions of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic anode electroplating bath, and relates to the technical field of electroplating baths. The invention discloses a ceramic anode plating bath, which comprises a plurality of common plating baths, a plating solution, plating metal and plating auxiliary baths, wherein the plating metal and the plating solution are arranged in the common plating baths, the ceramic anode plating bath also comprises a ceramic anode plating bath, an anode pipeline and a ceramic anode auxiliary bath, the common plating bath and the ceramic anode plating bath are both connected with the plating auxiliary baths through connecting pipes, a ceramic anode and the plating solution are arranged in the ceramic anode plating bath, the ceramic anode is fixed at the anode of the ceramic anode plating bath and is provided with a plurality of ceramic barrels, the ceramic barrels are connected with the ceramic anode auxiliary bath through the anode pipeline, and the anode solution and the plating metal are arranged in the ceramic barrels. The ceramic anode electroplating bath provided by the invention can control the concentration of metal ions on the plating layer in the electroplating bath, improve the yield of products and reduce the production cost and the maintenance cost of the plating bath.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroplating baths, and particularly relates to a ceramic anode electroplating bath.
Background
Electroplating is a process of plating a thin layer of other metals or alloys on the surface of some metals by using the principle of electrolysis, and is a process of attaching a layer of metal film on the surface of a metal or other material product by using the action of electrolysis, thereby having the effects of preventing metal oxidation (such as corrosion), improving wear resistance, conductivity, light reflection, corrosion resistance (such as copper sulfate and the like), enhancing the appearance and the like. During electroplating, plating metal or other insoluble materials are used as an anode, a workpiece to be plated is used as a cathode, and cations of the plating metal are reduced on the surface of the workpiece to be plated to form a plating layer. The electroplating bath is an electroplating device used for installing the electroplating bath, when direct current passes through the electroplating bath, oxidation reaction occurs at the interface of an anode and the solution, and reduction reaction occurs at the interface of a cathode and the solution, so as to prepare a required electroplating product. The electroplating bath can be used for electroplating products such as zinc plating, copper plating, nickel plating, gold plating and the like.
In the electroplating process, cations generated by the plating metal and cations in the bath solution are deposited on a product under the action of charges to form a compact plating layer. In the prior art, as cations generated by plating metal are far higher than the requirement of a product, the concentration of the cations in the tank liquor is gradually increased and exceeds the control range, so that the tank liquor is maintained stably, the yield of the product is improved, the discharge of waste water causes great burden, and more light agents are required to be added to maintain the tank liquor, so that the maintenance cost and the production cost are increased.
At present, oxide ceramics or metal ceramics are used as anode materials, mainly because the oxide ceramics or metal ceramics have good thermochemical stability, strong corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, electric conduction and shock resistance, and are mainly used for replacing carbon anodes to become one of inert anode materials for molten salt electrolysis. The ceramic anode is used in the electroplating bath, and the concentration of the plating metal ions in the electroplating bath is controlled by mainly utilizing the excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance and conductivity of the ceramic anode, so that the production cost is reduced, and the service life of the electroplating bath is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a ceramic anode electroplating bath, which mainly aims to control the concentration of anode metal ions in the electroplating bath, improve the yield of products and reduce the production cost and the maintenance cost of the electroplating bath.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a ceramic anode plating bath which comprises a plurality of common plating baths, a plating solution and a plating auxiliary bath, wherein the plating solution is arranged in the common plating baths, the ceramic anode plating bath also comprises a ceramic anode plating bath, an anode pipeline and a ceramic anode auxiliary bath, the common plating bath and the ceramic anode plating bath are both connected with the plating auxiliary bath through connecting pipes, a ceramic anode and the plating solution are arranged in the ceramic anode plating bath, the ceramic anode is fixed at the anode of the ceramic anode plating bath, the ceramic anode is provided with a plurality of ceramic barrels, the ceramic barrels are connected with the ceramic anode auxiliary bath through the anode pipeline, and anode solution and plating metal are arranged in the ceramic barrels.
Furthermore, a circulating pump is installed on the anode pipeline.
Further, the ceramic anode is fixed on the two side groove walls at the anode of the ceramic anode plating groove.
Further, the ceramic barrel is Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
Further, the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of nickel oxide, 30-50 parts of ferric oxide, 10-30 parts of titanium oxide, 5-20 parts of titanium powder, 1-3 parts of organic binder, 3-6 parts of yttrium oxide and 3-6 parts of copper oxide.
Further, the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The preparation method of the ceramic comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, and then drying the raw materials at 110 ℃ for 4 hours in vacuum;
(2) uniformly mixing iron oxide and nickel oxide, placing the mixture in a ball mill, adding 3wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, carrying out ball milling for 1-2h, then adding titanium oxide, carrying out ball milling for 2h, then adding 200wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ball milling for 10h to obtain ceramic slurry; wherein the ball milling speed is 320r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1;
(3) drying the slurry at 110 deg.C for 8-10h, cooling, and sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain powder;
(4) placing the dried and sieved powder in a high-temperature sintering furnace, carrying out normal-pressure high-temperature sintering in the air atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, then grinding, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic powder;
(5) uniformly mixing the ceramic powder, titanium powder, yttrium oxide and copper oxide, adding an organic binder and 300wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ball milling for 12 hours to obtain ceramic anode slurry, drying the ceramic anode slurry at 120 ℃ for 3-4 hours, cooling, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic anode powder;
(6) putting the ceramic anode powder into a hot-pressing die with a required shape, sintering at the temperature of 110-1200 ℃ under the pressure of 2-3MPa by taking inert gas as protective gas, keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, taking out, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and cleaning to obtain the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
Further, the organic binder is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, stearic acid, methylcellulose and organosilane.
A ceramic anode plating bath can be used for products of zinc plating, zinc nickel plating, copper plating, tin plating, aluminum plating and gold plating.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
1. the plating bath is internally provided with a ceramic anode plating bath, an anode pipeline and a ceramic anode auxiliary bath, wherein a ceramic anode is fixed in the ceramic anode plating bath, and can isolate cations dissolved from plating metal in the ceramic anode, but the free movement of charges is not limited, so that the plating process of a product is not influenced, and the cations in bath solution can be deposited on the product.
2. The plating bath provided with the ceramic anode is connected with other common plating baths through the electroplating auxiliary bath, so that redundant zinc ions in other plating baths can be consumed, the concentration of the zinc ions in the whole electroplating bath can be controlled, and the plating bath has great advantages of reducing the maintenance cost of bath solution, the production cost of products and the discharge cost of wastewater.
3. The ceramic barrel of the invention is made of Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic anode is prepared from the ceramic, has excellent corrosion resistance and conductivity, prolongs the service life of the ceramic anode, and further reduces the production cost.
4. NiFe in the preparation process of the ceramic barrel2O4As a ceramic matrix material, the titanium oxide has excellent corrosion resistance in a high-temperature plating solution, and after the titanium oxide is added, the titanium oxide is easy to interact with nickel oxide and iron oxide in a sintering process, so that the viscosity of a glass phase is reduced, and the wettability of the ceramic matrix material is improved; the corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of the ceramic matrix material are further improved by adding the titanium oxide; the titanium oxide is converted to rutile type during sintering, so that the electrical conductivity of the ceramic matrix material is enhanced.
5. The titanium powder is added in the preparation process of the ceramic barrel, has strong chemical activity, has great affinity with oxides, copper oxide and yttrium oxide in a ceramic matrix material, has good wettability to metal oxides, and can permeate into all the metal oxides, so that a compact ceramic material is formed, and the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance of the ceramic barrel are improved; the titanium powder is added, so that the advantages of the metal material can be exerted, the conductivity of the ceramic barrel is enhanced, the normal movement of charges in the ceramic anode plating tank is ensured, the consumption of metal ions in the tank liquor during the production of products is further ensured, and the normal metal plating on the surface of the products is not influenced.
6. The copper oxide and the yttrium oxide are compositely doped into the ceramic matrix material, and the corrosion resistance of the ceramic barrel is greatly improved by adding the copper oxide; the yttrium oxide can form a liquid phase with other oxides during high-temperature sintering, the density and the mechanical property of the ceramic barrel can be improved, and the yttrium oxide can also obviously improve Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The electrical conductivity of the ceramic.
7. According to the invention, the ceramic anode is arranged in the electroplating bath, so that metal ions dissolved from plating metal are isolated in the ceramic barrel, free movement of charges in the ceramic anode plating bath is not influenced, and the metal ions in the plating bath can be deposited on a product, thereby controlling the concentration of the plating metal ions in the electroplating bath, improving the yield of the product, and reducing the production cost and the maintenance cost of the plating bath. The ceramic barrel is formed by doping copper oxide and yttrium oxide with Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic is prepared, has excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, prolongs the service life of the electroplating bath and reduces the electroplating cost.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a ceramic anodic plating cell of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the interior of the ceramic anode of the present invention.
The attached drawings are as follows: 1. a ceramic anode plating bath; 2. a common plating tank; 3. electroplating the auxiliary tank; 4. a ceramic anode sub-tank; 5. a ceramic anode; 6. an anode conduit; 7. a connecting pipe; 8. a ceramic barrel.
Detailed Description
As used in the specification and in the claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the definitions of the appended claims.
The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a ceramic anode plating bath according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of general plating tanks 2, a plating solution (not shown), a plating metal (not shown), and a plating sub-tank 3, wherein the plating metal and the plating solution are disposed in the general plating tanks 2. For example, the galvanization process (the plating metal is a zinc plate, and the plating solution is a zinc ion solution): products are put into the plating bath and electrified, zinc ions generated by the zinc plate and zinc ions in the plating bath are deposited on the products to form a compact zinc coating under the action of charges.
As shown in fig. 1, the ceramic anode plating bath according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a ceramic anode plating bath 1, an anode pipe 6, and a ceramic anode sub-bath 4. The common plating tank 2 and the ceramic anode plating tank 1 are both connected with the plating auxiliary tank 3 through the connecting pipe 7, so that plating solution can be circulated between the common plating tank 2 and the ceramic anode plating tank 1, and the ion concentration in the plating solution in each plating tank is the same.
As shown in fig. 2, a ceramic anode 5 and a plating solution are arranged in the ceramic anode plating tank 1, the ceramic anode 5 is fixed at the anode of the ceramic anode plating tank 1, a plurality of ceramic barrels 8 are arranged in the ceramic anode, the ceramic barrels 8 are connected with the ceramic anode sub-tank 4 through an anode pipeline 6, and a circulating pump (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the anode pipeline 6. The ceramic barrel 8 is internally provided with anolyte and plating metal. The anolyte is mixed in the ceramic anode auxiliary tank 4 through the anode pipeline 6, and the anolyte and the plating solution are isolated and not contacted with each other. The ceramic barrel 8 in the invention can isolate most of the ion exchange (zinc ion, nickel ion, etc.) inside and outside, but does not affect the free movement of the charge, so that the ion dissolved out inside the ceramic barrel 5 does not enter the plating solution, and only the ion in the plating solution is consumed when the product is produced, thereby reducing the ion concentration in the plating solution. Then the plating solution in the ceramic anode plating tank 1 is mixed with the plating solution in the common plating tank 2, so that the concentration of the plating solution in the common plating tank 2 is reduced, and the concentration of ions in the whole plating tank is effectively controlled, thereby improving the yield of products, and reducing the production cost and the maintenance cost of the plating solution.
In this embodiment 1, the ceramic barrel 8 is fixed on both side walls of the anode of the ceramic anode plating bath 1.
The ceramic anode plating bath of the present invention can be used for plating zinc, and also for plating products such as copper plating, tin plating, aluminum plating, and gold plating, and is not limited to the plating products listed in the present invention.
It should be noted that the ceramic barrel 8 of the present invention is not limited to being fixed on both side walls of the anode of the ceramic anode plating bath 1, and may be fixed at any position of the anode of the ceramic anode plating bath 1. In addition, the plurality of ceramic barrels 8 of the present invention means that at least 1 ceramic barrel is included.
The installation steps of the ceramic anode plating bath of the invention are as follows:
a. preparing a required ceramic anode 5, anolyte and a ceramic anode auxiliary tank 4;
b. fixing a plurality of ceramic barrels 8 in the ceramic anode 5 at the anode of a common plating bath (can be arranged on the bath walls at two sides of the anode of the common plating bath, also can be arranged in the middle of the anode of the common plating bath or at other positions), forming a ceramic anode plating bath by combining the common plating bath, and then connecting the ceramic barrels 8 with the ceramic anode auxiliary bath 4 by using an anode pipeline 6;
c. ceramic anolyte is filled into a ceramic barrel 8 of a ceramic anode 5, and a circulating pump is started to circulate with a ceramic anode auxiliary tank 4;
d. the flying target filled with the plating metal is put into a ceramic barrel 8 of the ceramic anode 5, and the conduction conditions of all the parts are checked to ensure good conduction;
e. putting the product into the electroplating bath and electrifying to finish the electroplating process.
EXAMPLE 2 ceramic bucket in ceramic Anode plating bath
The ceramic barrel in the ceramic anode electroplating bath is Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic of the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of nickel oxide, 50 parts of ferric oxide, 20 parts of titanium oxide, 15 parts of titanium powder, 1 part of organic binder, 3 parts of yttrium oxide and 6 parts of copper oxide. The organic binder is polyvinyl alcohol.
Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The preparation method of the ceramic comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, and then drying the raw materials at 110 ℃ for 4 hours in vacuum.
(2) Uniformly mixing iron oxide and nickel oxide, placing the mixture into a ball mill, adding 3wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, carrying out ball milling for 1-2h, then adding titanium oxide, carrying out ball milling for 2h, then adding 200wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ball milling for 10h to obtain ceramic slurry. Wherein the ball milling speed is 320r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1; the 3wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol means that the mass of the absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 3% of the mass sum of the iron oxide and the nickel oxide; the 200wt% of the absolute ethyl alcohol means that the mass of the absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 200% of the total mass of the ferric oxide, the nickel oxide and the titanium oxide.
(3) Drying the ceramic slurry at 110 ℃ for 8-10h, cooling, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
(4) And (3) placing the dried and sieved powder into a high-temperature sintering furnace, carrying out normal-pressure high-temperature sintering in the air atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, then grinding, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic powder.
(5) Uniformly mixing the ceramic powder, titanium powder, yttrium oxide and copper oxide, adding an organic binder and 300wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ball milling for 12 hours to obtain ceramic anode slurry; and drying the ceramic anode slurry at 120 ℃ for 3-4h, cooling, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic anode powder. The 300wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol means that the mass of the absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 300% of the total mass of the ceramic powder, the yttrium oxide and the copper oxide.
(6) Putting ceramic anode powder into hot-pressing mould with required shapeIn the method, inert gas is used as protective gas, sintering is carried out at the temperature of 110-1200 ℃ under the pressure of 2-3MPa, the heat preservation time is 4h, the sintering is carried out after the sintering is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace, the sintering is taken out, and then coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and cleaning are carried out to prepare the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
EXAMPLE 3 ceramic bucket in ceramic Anode plating bath
The ceramic barrel in the ceramic anode electroplating bath is Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic of the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of nickel oxide, 30 parts of ferric oxide, 10 parts of titanium oxide, 20 parts of titanium powder, 3 parts of organic binder, 6 parts of yttrium oxide and 3 parts of copper oxide. The organic binder is polymethyl methacrylate and stearic acid, and the mass ratio of the two kinds of binder is 3: 1.
Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic was prepared in the same manner as in example 2, with specific reference to example 2.
EXAMPLE 4 ceramic bucket in ceramic Anode plating bath
The ceramic barrel in the ceramic anode electroplating bath is Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic of the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of nickel oxide, 40 parts of ferric oxide, 30 parts of titanium oxide, 5 parts of titanium powder, 2 parts of organic binder, 4 parts of yttrium oxide and 5 parts of copper oxide. The organic binder is stearic acid and methyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the two binders is 1: 1.
Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic was prepared in the same manner as in example 2, with specific reference to example 2.
EXAMPLE 5 ceramic bucket in ceramic Anode plating bath
The ceramic barrel in the ceramic anode electroplating bath is Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic of the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of nickel oxide, 45 parts of ferric oxide, 20 parts of titanium oxide, 10 parts of titanium powder, 2 parts of organic binder and yttrium oxide5 parts and 5 parts of copper oxide. The organic binder is an organosilane.
Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The ceramic was prepared in the same manner as in example 2, with specific reference to example 2.
Comparative example 1 NiFe2O4Ceramic barrel
NiFe2O4The preparation method of the ceramic barrel comprises the following steps:
(1) the nickel oxide and iron oxide raw materials are weighed according to the weight parts in the example 5, and then the raw materials are dried for 4 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 110 ℃.
(2) Uniformly mixing iron oxide and nickel oxide, placing the mixture in a ball mill, adding 3wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, carrying out ball milling for 1-2h, adding organosilane, carrying out ball milling for 2h, adding 200wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ball milling for 10h to obtain ceramic slurry. Wherein the ball milling speed is 320r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1.
(3) Drying the ceramic slurry at 110 ℃ for 8-10h, cooling, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
(4) Putting the powder into a hot-pressing die with a required shape, sintering at the temperature of 110-1200 ℃ under the pressure of 2-3MPa by taking inert gas as protective gas, keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, taking out, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and cleaning to obtain the T-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
Comparative example 2 TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic barrel
TiO2-NiFe2O4The preparation method of the ceramic barrel comprises the following steps:
(1) the raw materials are weighed according to the parts by weight in the above example 5: nickel oxide, iron oxide and titanium oxide, and then the raw material was vacuum dried at 110 ℃ for 4 h.
(2) Uniformly mixing iron oxide and nickel oxide, placing the mixture into a ball mill, adding 3wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, carrying out ball milling for 1-2h, then adding titanium oxide, carrying out ball milling for 2h, then adding 200wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ball milling for 10h to obtain ceramic slurry. Wherein the ball milling speed is 320r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1.
(3) Drying the ceramic slurry at 110 ℃ for 8-10h, cooling, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
(4) Putting the powder into a hot-pressing die with a required shape, sintering at the temperature of 110-1200 ℃ under the pressure of 2-3MPa by taking inert gas as protective gas, keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, taking out, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and cleaning to obtain the TiO2-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
Comparative example 3 Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic barrel
Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The preparation method of the ceramic barrel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the raw materials are weighed according to the parts by weight in the above example 5: nickel oxide, iron oxide, titanium powder and titanium oxide, and then vacuum-drying the raw materials at 110 ℃ for 4 hours.
(2) Uniformly mixing iron oxide and nickel oxide, placing the mixture into a ball mill, adding 3wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, carrying out ball milling for 1-2h, then adding titanium oxide and titanium powder, carrying out ball milling for 2h, then adding 200wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ball milling for 10h to obtain the ceramic slurry. Wherein the ball milling speed is 320r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1.
(3) Drying the ceramic slurry at 110 ℃ for 8-10h, cooling, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
(4) Putting the ceramic anode powder into a hot-pressing die with a required shape, sintering at the temperature of 110-1200 ℃ under the pressure of 2-3MPa by taking inert gas as protective gas, keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, taking out, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and cleaning to obtain the Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
Comparative example 4 Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic barrel
Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The raw material composition and the preparation method of the ceramic barrel were the same as those of example 5, except that copper oxide was not added in comparative example 4 and the other components and the operation steps were not changed from those of example 5.
Comparative example 5 Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4Ceramic barrel
Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4The raw material composition and the preparation method of the ceramic barrel were the same as those of example 5, except that no yttria was added in comparative example 4, and the other components and the operation steps were not changed.
The ceramic barrels prepared according to the above examples 2 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to mechanical property, conductivity and corrosion resistance tests (electrolyte composition: 90wt% Na)3AlF6、5wt% CaF2And 5wt% Al2O3Electrolysis temperature 960 c, electrolysis time 8 h), the test results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of testing the properties of the ceramic pail
| Flexural strength/MPa | Fracture toughness/MPa.m1/2 | Conductivity/106S·cm-1 | Corrosion Rate/10-3g·cm-2·h-1 | Annual corrosion depth/cm. y-1 | |
| Example 2 | 164.5 | 9.6 | 78.4 | 0.824 | 1.225 |
| Example 3 | 157.2 | 10.2 | 65.8 | 0.719 | 1.072 |
| Example 4 | 176.8 | 10.8 | 80.7 | 0.613 | 0.938 |
| Example 5 | 182.3 | 11.3 | 85.6 | 0.517 | 0.756 |
| Comparative example 1 | 95.4 | 3.4 | 22.5 | 6.258 | 12.589 |
| Comparative example 2 | 110.9 | 4.8 | 38.5 | 4.729 | 6.015 |
| Comparative example 3 | 128.4 | 6.9 | 52.1 | 3.218 | 5.275 |
| Comparative example 4 | 145.6 | 8.5 | 61.8 | 2.765 | 4.484 |
| Comparative example 5 | 135.7 | 7.9 | 58.4 | 1.258 | 2.037 |
According to the detection results of the comparative tests, the ceramic barrel used by the ceramic anode has excellent mechanical property and conductivity, can isolate metal ions dissolved from plating metal in the ceramic barrel, but does not influence the free movement of charges in a plating tank of the ceramic anode, has excellent corrosion resistance, prolongs the service life of the ceramic anode, and reduces the production cost; titanium oxide is added into the ceramic barrel material, so that the bending strength, the electric conductivity and the corrosion resistance of the ceramic barrel are improved; the titanium powder is added into the ceramic barrel material, so that the bending strength and the electrical conductivity of the ceramic barrel are greatly improved; the yttrium oxide is added into the ceramic barrel material, so that the bending strength of the ceramic barrel is greatly improved, and the conductivity of the ceramic barrel is improved; the copper oxide is added into the ceramic barrel material, so that the corrosion resistance of the ceramic barrel is greatly improved.
The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the application as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is to be protected by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (8)
1. A ceramic anode plating bath comprises a plurality of common plating baths (2), plating solution, plating metal and plating auxiliary baths (3), wherein the plating metal and the plating solution are arranged in the common plating baths (2), it is characterized by also comprising a ceramic anode plating bath (1), an anode pipeline (6) and a ceramic anode auxiliary bath (4), the common plating bath (2) and the ceramic anode plating bath (1) are connected with the electroplating auxiliary bath (3) through connecting pipes (7), a ceramic anode (5) and plating solution are arranged in the ceramic anode plating tank (1), the ceramic anode (5) is fixed at the anode of the ceramic anode plating bath (1), the ceramic anode is characterized in that the ceramic anode (5) is provided with a plurality of ceramic barrels, the ceramic barrels (8) are connected with the ceramic anode auxiliary tank (4) through anode pipelines (6), and anolyte and plating metal are arranged in the ceramic barrels (8).
2. The ceramic anode plating bath according to claim 1, wherein the anode pipe (6) is provided with a circulation pump.
3. The ceramic anode plating bath as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic barrel (8) is fixed on both side walls at the anode of the ceramic anode plating bath (1).
4. According to claim 1The ceramic anode electroplating bath is characterized in that the ceramic barrel is Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
5. The ceramic anode plating bath of claim 4, wherein the Ti/TiO is2-NiFe2O4The ceramic is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of nickel oxide, 30-50 parts of ferric oxide, 10-30 parts of titanium oxide, 5-20 parts of titanium powder, 1-3 parts of organic binder, 3-6 parts of yttrium oxide and 3-6 parts of copper oxide.
6. The ceramic anode plating bath of claim 5, wherein the Ti/TiO is2-NiFe2O4The preparation method of the ceramic comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, and then drying the raw materials at 110 ℃ for 4 hours in vacuum;
(2) uniformly mixing iron oxide and nickel oxide, placing the mixture in a ball mill, adding 3wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, carrying out ball milling for 1-2h, then adding titanium oxide, carrying out ball milling for 2h, then adding 200wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ball milling for 10h to obtain ceramic slurry; wherein the ball milling speed is 320r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1;
(3) drying the slurry at 110 deg.C for 8-10h, cooling, and sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain powder;
(4) placing the dried and sieved powder in a high-temperature sintering furnace, carrying out normal-pressure high-temperature sintering in the air atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, then grinding, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic powder;
(5) uniformly mixing the ceramic powder, titanium powder, yttrium oxide and copper oxide, adding an organic binder and 300wt% of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ball milling for 12 hours to obtain ceramic anode slurry, drying the ceramic anode slurry at 120 ℃ for 3-4 hours, cooling, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic anode powder;
(6) placing ceramic anode powder into hot pressing mold with required shape, and placing under 2-3MP with inert gas as shielding gasa, sintering at the temperature of 110-1200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, taking out, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and cleaning to obtain Ti/TiO2-NiFe2O4A ceramic.
7. The ceramic anode plating bath as claimed in claim 5, wherein the organic binder is one or more selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, stearic acid, methylcellulose, and organic silane.
8. A ceramic anode plating bath according to claim 1 for zinc plated, copper plated, tin plated, aluminum plated and gold plated products.
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