CN112458342A - Novel nickel-based material for petrochemical valve rod and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Novel nickel-based material for petrochemical valve rod and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel nickel-based material for a petrochemical valve rod, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 0.10 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, 20.0 to 23.0 percent of Cr, 0.60 to 1.50 percent of Al, less than or equal to 2.0 percent of Fe, 10.0 to 13.0 percent of Co, 0.20 to 0.60 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities. The invention also provides a preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod, which comprises the following steps: raw material preparation, vacuum smelting, electroslag remelting, forging and heat treatment. The invention optimally designs the components and the process of the existing nickel-based alloy, particularly can increase the hardness and the strength of the valve rod by increasing the content of the cobalt element, improves the high-temperature strength of the alloy, and prolongs the service life of the valve rod in a high-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-temperature alloy materials, in particular to a novel nickel-based material for a petrochemical valve rod and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a high-alloying iron-based, nickel-based or cobalt-based austenite metal material which can bear larger complex stress at a high temperature of more than 600 ℃ and has surface stability.
The nickel-based alloy has good high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, excellent fatigue resistance and creep resistance, excellent fracture performance and excellent structural stability, and is an irreplaceable key material for modern national defense construction and national economic development.
However, the nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod in the prior art has insufficient hardness and wear resistance at high temperature and short service life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a novel nickel-based material for a petrochemical valve rod and a preparation process thereof, which are used for solving the problems of insufficient hardness and abrasion resistance of the existing petrochemical valve rod material at high temperature.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel nickel-based material for petrochemical valve rods comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 0.10 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, 20.0 to 23.0 percent of Cr, 0.60 to 1.50 percent of Al, less than or equal to 2.0 percent of Fe, 10.0 to 13.0 percent of Co, 0.20 to 0.60 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the nickel-based material for the novel petrochemical valve rod comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.07 to 0.09 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 21.0 to 22.0 percent of Cr, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Al, less than or equal to 1.8 percent of Fe, 11.0 to 12.0 percent of Co, 0.30 to 0.50 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod, which comprises the following steps:
preparing S1 raw material: the preparation of the whole new material is adopted, the blending range value of each element of the blending is controlled, the control of elements easy to burn and consume electroslag is ensured to be qualified, and all materials are polished on the surface and baked according to a process baking system for use.
S2 vacuum smelting: the vacuum degree in the melting period is less than 5Pa, the vacuum degree in the refining period is less than or equal to 5Pa, at least two times of high-temperature instantaneous refining and one time of low-temperature long-time refining are adopted, the steel is heated to 1520 ℃ for 1-2 minutes, the furnace is shaken and stirred for 3-5 minutes, the steel temperature is reduced to 1460 ℃ (in a steel forming film punching state), the refining time is more than or equal to 25 minutes, the refining temperature is 1500 ℃, the tapping temperature is 1540 ℃, 210Kg of electrode is poured, the feeding in the later period of pouring is sufficient, and the mold mark is broken and removed after the pouring is.
S3 electroslag remelting: cutting and repairing shrinkage cavity, grinding surface oxide to remove impurities, and reproducing after acceptance inspection is qualified, wherein the slag system is prepared by the following steps: CaF2：AL2O3：CaO：TiO2= 70: 15: 10: 5, voltage: 55-60V, smelting current: 5000-6000A.
S4 forging: a steel ingot heating system: charging the materials at a temperature lower than 400 ℃, slowly raising the temperature to 800 ℃, preserving the heat for 1.5h, raising the temperature to 1150-plus-1180 ℃, preserving the heat for more than 3h, beginning forging temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, tempering and burning for more than 60 min, air cooling after forging, detecting the flaw by 100%, and forging specification phi 80 x 2000 mm.
S5 heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is as follows: 1120 ℃ and 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling by water, and turning the polished rod phi 70 x 1900 mm.
Preferably, in the preparation of S1 raw material, the nickel plate must be baked at 780 ℃ for more than 4h, Cr at 400 ℃ for more than 2h, and Si at 700 ℃ for more than 4 h.
Preferably, when S2 vacuum smelting feeding, adding small pure iron and small nickel plates into 1/4 of bottom, adding 0.025% bottom carbon, placing Nb and Cr at the middle upper part of the crucible, covering the upper part with Ni plates, executing according to the vacuum smelting process, adding Ni-Mg0.05% in refining, strictly separating small materials such as Al, Ti and the like, processing in batches in sequence, and controlling the components.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention optimally designs the components and the process of the existing nickel-based alloy, particularly can increase the hardness and the strength of the alloy by increasing the content of the cobalt element, improves the high-temperature strength of the alloy, and prolongs the service life of the valve rod in a high-temperature environment. By adopting a vacuum smelting and electroslag remelting duplex smelting method, the purity of the alloy can be improved, impurity inclusion can be reduced, the alloy can be fully degassed, and the metallographic structure and the chemical components are uniform.
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Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a novel nickel-based material for petrochemical valve rods.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the objects, structures, features and functions of the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel nickel-based material for petrochemical valve rods comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 0.10 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, 20.0 to 23.0 percent of Cr, 0.60 to 1.50 percent of Al, less than or equal to 2.0 percent of Fe, 10.0 to 13.0 percent of Co, 0.20 to 0.60 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the nickel-based material for the novel petrochemical valve rod comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.07 to 0.09 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 21.0 to 22.0 percent of Cr, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Al, less than or equal to 1.8 percent of Fe, 11.0 to 12.0 percent of Co, 0.30 to 0.50 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
The nickel-based material for the novel petrochemical valve rod has the following functions of elements:
c, the carbon element can improve the strength and the wear resistance of the alloy within a certain content range, and the carbon content is designed to be 0.05-0.10 percent, so that the high-temperature performance of the alloy can be improved.
Si element can improve the ductility and tensile strength of the alloy and has the deoxidation function, and the invention designs the content of Si to be not more than 0.70 percent, can improve the high-temperature strength of the alloy and reduce the content of impurities.
Mn can improve the wear resistance and tensile strength of the alloy, and has the function of separation and deoxidation, the manganese content is designed to be not more than 0.70 percent, the high-temperature strength of the alloy can be improved, and the impurity content is reduced.
P, S, two fatal and unavoidable harmful elements which are difficult to dissolve in the alloy, can generate low melting point and eutectic compounds with nickel and chromium, are precipitated from grain boundaries and are gathered on the grain boundaries along with the solidification of the alloy, and the grain boundaries become brittle, thereby influencing the plasticity and the heat strength of the alloy. Therefore, the contents thereof are set at P: less than or equal to 0.012 percent. S: less than or equal to 0.008 percent.
Cr and Cr are key elements for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy. The protective oxide film formed by the alloy at high temperature mainly consists of CrO; the CrO-based oxide film is compact and has strong adhesion, so that the alloy can be used at high temperature for a long time. The invention designs the chromium content to be 20.0-23.0%, which can improve the high temperature resistance of the alloy.
Al can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy and improve the age hardening, and the aluminum content is designed to be 0.60-1.50 percent, so that the high-temperature performance of the alloy can be improved, and the service life of the alloy in a high-temperature environment can be prolonged.
Fe can improve the resistance of the alloy to a high-temperature environment, reduce the alloy cost and control the thermal expansion, and the invention designs the content of Fe to be not higher than 2.0 percent and can improve the high-temperature resistance of the alloy.
Co element can increase the hardness and strength of the alloy and improve the high-temperature strength of the alloy, and the cobalt content is designed to be 10.0-13.0 percent, so that the service life of the alloy in a high-temperature environment can be prolonged.
Ti, titanium and carbon are combined, so that intercrystalline corrosion caused by chromium carbide precipitation during heat treatment can be reduced, and the titanium content is designed to be 0.20-0.60%, so that the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the alloy can be improved.
Ni is taken as a parent body in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to form an austenite matrix, the intercrystalline corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved along with the increase of the nickel content, and the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity in an alkaline solution can be reduced by increasing the nickel content.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod, which comprises the following steps:
preparing S1 raw material: the method is characterized in that the method is prepared by adopting a novel material, the addition range value of each element of the material is controlled, the control of elements easy to burn and consume in electroslag is ensured to be qualified, all materials are polished and baked for use according to a process baking system, a nickel plate is baked at 780 ℃ for more than 4h, Cr is baked at 400 ℃ for more than 2h, Si is baked at 700 ℃ for more than 4h, clean water is removed, and the quality of the alloy is ensured.
S2 vacuum smelting: adding 1/4 at the bottom by using small pure iron and small nickel plates, adding 0.025% bottom carbon, placing Nb and Cr at the middle upper part of a crucible, covering the upper part by using a Ni plate, performing according to a vacuum smelting process, adding Ni-Mg0.05% in refining, strictly separating small materials such as Al, Ti and the like, processing in batches in sequence, controlling the components, reducing the vacuum degree in a melting period to be less than 5Pa, reducing the vacuum degree in a refining period to be less than or equal to 5Pa, adopting not less than two times of high-temperature instantaneous refining and one time of low-temperature long-time refining, raising the temperature of steel to 1520 ℃ for 1-2 minutes, stirring in a rocking furnace for 3-5 minutes, reducing the temperature of the steel to 1460 ℃ (just film-forming and film-punching state), reducing the refining time to be more than or equal to 25 minutes, reducing the refining temperature to 1500 ℃, tapping temperature to 1540 ℃, pouring 210Kg electrodes, fully.
S3 electroslag remelting: cutting and repairing shrinkage cavity, grinding surface oxide to remove impurities, and reproducing after acceptance inspection is qualified, wherein the slag system is prepared by the following steps: CaF2：AL2O3：CaO：TiO2= 70: 15: 10: 5, voltage: 55-60V, smelting current: 5000-6000A.
S4 forging: a steel ingot heating system: charging the materials at a temperature lower than 400 ℃, slowly raising the temperature to 800 ℃, preserving the heat for 1.5h, raising the temperature to 1150-plus-1180 ℃, preserving the heat for more than 3h, beginning forging temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, tempering and burning for more than 60 min, air cooling after forging, detecting the flaw by 100%, and forging specification phi 80 x 2000 mm.
S5 heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is as follows: 1120 ℃ and 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling by water, and turning the polished rod phi 70 x 1900 mm.
The invention optimizes the components and the process of the prior nickel-based alloy, adopts a vacuum smelting and electroslag remelting duplex smelting method, and can improve the purity of the alloy, reduce impurity inclusion, ensure that the alloy is degassed fully and has uniform metallographic structure and chemical components.
Example 1:
in the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod in the embodiment 1 of the invention, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 0.07% of C, 0.50% of Si, 0.50% of Mn, 0.008% of P, 0.005% of S, 21.0% of Cr, 0.80% of Al, 1.8% of Fe, 11.0% of Co, 0.30% of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
The preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod comprises the following steps:
preparing S1 raw material: the method is characterized in that the method is prepared by adopting a novel material, the addition range value of each element of the material is controlled, the control of elements easy to burn and consume in electroslag is ensured to be qualified, all materials are polished and baked for use according to a process baking system, a nickel plate is baked at 780 ℃ for more than 4h, Cr is baked at 400 ℃ for more than 2.1h, Si is baked at 700 ℃ for 4.2h and then used, clean water is removed, and the quality of the alloy is ensured.
S2 vacuum smelting: adding 1/4 at the bottom by using small pure iron and small nickel plates, adding 0.025% bottom carbon, placing Nb and Cr at the middle upper part of a crucible, covering the upper part by using a Ni plate, performing according to a vacuum smelting process, adding Ni-Mg0.05% in refining, strictly separating small materials such as Al, Ti and the like, processing in batches in sequence, controlling the components, wherein the vacuum degree in a melting period is 4.5 Pa, the vacuum degree in a refining period is 5Pa, performing high-temperature instantaneous refining and low-temperature long-time refining at least twice, raising the temperature of steel to 1520 ℃ for 1-2 minutes, stirring in a furnace for 3 minutes, reducing the temperature of the steel to 1460 ℃ (just forming a film and punching state), refining for 25 minutes, refining temperature of 1500 ℃, tapping temperature of 1540 ℃, pouring 210Kg of electrode, fully supplementing shrinkage in the later period of pouring, and breaking the air and taking out a mold mark after finishing the pouring for 15 minutes.
S3 electroslag remelting: cutting and repairing shrinkage cavity, grinding surface oxide to remove impurities, and reproducing after acceptance inspection is qualified, wherein the slag system is prepared by the following steps: CaF2：AL2O3：CaO：TiO2=70：15：10：5, voltage: 55V, smelting current: 5000A.
S4 forging: a steel ingot heating system: charging below 400 ℃, slowly heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, then heating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 3.2h, beginning forging temperature to 1150 ℃, final forging temperature to 950 ℃, tempering and burning for 65 min, air cooling after forging, detecting flaw by 100%, and forging specification phi 80 x 2000 mm.
S5 heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is as follows: 1120 ℃ and 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling by water, and turning the polished rod phi 70 x 1900 mm.
Example 2:
in the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod in the embodiment 2 of the invention, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 0.09% of C, 0.40% of Si, 0.40% of Mn, 0.008% of P, 0.005% of S, 21.5% of Cr, 1.10% of Al, 1.6% of Fe, 11.5% of Co, 0.40% of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
The preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod comprises the following steps:
preparing S1 raw material: the method is characterized in that the method is prepared by adopting a novel material, the addition range value of each element of the material is controlled, the control of elements easy to burn and consume in electroslag is ensured to be qualified, all materials are polished and baked for use according to a process baking system, a nickel plate is baked for more than 4h at 780 ℃, Cr is baked for 2.2h at 400 ℃, Si is baked for 4.5h at 700 ℃, clean water is removed, and the quality of the alloy is ensured.
S2 vacuum smelting: adding 1/4 at the bottom by using small pure iron and small nickel plates, adding 0.025% bottom carbon, placing Nb and Cr at the middle upper part of a crucible, covering the upper part by using a Ni plate, performing according to a vacuum smelting process, adding Ni-Mg0.05% in refining, strictly separating small materials such as Al, Ti and the like, processing in batches in sequence, controlling the components, wherein the vacuum degree in a melting period is 4.5 Pa, the vacuum degree in a refining period is 4.6Pa, performing high-temperature instantaneous refining and one-time low-temperature long-time refining not less than two times, raising the temperature of steel to 1520 ℃ for 2 minutes, stirring in a furnace for 4 minutes, reducing the temperature of steel to 1460 ℃ (just film-forming and film-punching state), refining for 28 minutes, refining temperature 1500 ℃, tapping temperature 1540 ℃, pouring 210Kg of electrode, fully supplementing shrinkage in the later period of pouring, and breaking the air and taking out of a mold mark after finishing.
S3 electroslag remelting: cutting shrinkage cavity repairing deviceGrinding surface oxides to remove impurities, and performing production after acceptance inspection, wherein the slag system is prepared by the following steps: CaF2：AL2O3：CaO：TiO2= 70: 15: 10: 5, voltage: 58V, smelting current: 5500A.
S4 forging: a steel ingot heating system: charging below 400 ℃, slowly heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, further heating to 1170 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5h, beginning forging temperature 1180 ℃, end forging temperature 950 ℃, tempering, further sintering for 65 min, air cooling after forging, detecting flaw by 100%, and forging specification phi 80 x 2000 mm.
S5 heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is as follows: and keeping the temperature at 1140 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling by water, and turning a polished rod phi 70 x 1900 mm.
Example 3:
in the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod in the embodiment 3 of the invention, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 0.10% of C, 0.70% of Si, 0.70% of Mn, 0.012% of P, 0.008% of S, 23.0% of Cr, 1.50% of Al, 2.0% of Fe, 12.0% of Co, 0.60% of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
The preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod comprises the following steps:
preparing S1 raw material: the method is characterized in that the method is prepared by adopting a novel material, the addition range value of each element of the material is controlled, the control of elements easy to burn and consume in electroslag is ensured to be qualified, all materials are polished and baked for use according to a process baking system, a nickel plate is baked for more than 4h at 780 ℃, Cr is baked for 2.5h at 400 ℃, Si is baked for 5h at 700 ℃, clean water is removed, and the quality of the alloy is ensured.
S2 vacuum smelting: adding 1/4 at the bottom by using small pure iron and small nickel plates, adding 0.025% bottom carbon, placing Nb and Cr at the middle upper part of a crucible, covering the upper part by using a Ni plate, performing according to a vacuum smelting process, adding Ni-Mg0.05% in refining, strictly separating small materials such as Al, Ti and the like, processing in batches in sequence, controlling the components, wherein the vacuum degree in a melting period is 4.8 Pa, the vacuum degree in a refining period is 5Pa, performing high-temperature instantaneous refining and one-time low-temperature long-time refining not less than two times, raising the temperature of steel to 1520 ℃ for 2 minutes, shaking a furnace, stirring for 5 minutes, reducing the temperature of steel to 1460 ℃ (the temperature in a just-film-forming and film-punching state), refining for 30 minutes, refining temperature 1500 ℃, tapping temperature 1540 ℃, pouring 210Kg of electrode, fully supplementing shrinkage in the later period of pouring, and breaking the mold after finishing the.
S3 electroslag remelting: cutting and repairing shrinkage cavity, grinding surface oxide to remove impurities, and reproducing after acceptance inspection is qualified, wherein the slag system is prepared by the following steps: CaF2：AL2O3：CaO：TiO2= 70: 15: 10: 5, voltage: 60V, smelting current: 6000A.
S4 forging: a steel ingot heating system: charging the materials at a temperature lower than 400 ℃, slowly raising the temperature to 800 ℃, preserving the heat for 1.5h, raising the temperature to 1150-1180 ℃, preserving the heat for more than 3h, beginning forging temperature to 1200 ℃, finishing forging temperature to 1000 ℃, tempering, burning for 70 min, air cooling after forging, performing flaw detection for 100%, and forging specification phi 80 x 2000 mm.
S5 heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is as follows: 1150 deg.c, heat preservation for 2 hr, water cooling, and turning to polish rod phi 70 x 1900 mm.
In conclusion, the invention provides a novel nickel-based material for petrochemical valve rods and a preparation process thereof, the components and the process of the conventional nickel-based alloy are optimally designed, the hardness and the strength of the alloy can be increased by increasing the content of cobalt, the high-temperature strength of the alloy is improved, and the service life of the alloy in a high-temperature environment is prolonged. By adopting a vacuum smelting and electroslag remelting duplex smelting method, the purity of the alloy can be improved, impurity inclusion can be reduced, the alloy can be fully degassed, and the metallographic structure and the chemical components are uniform.
The present invention has been described in relation to the above embodiments, which are only exemplary of the implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Rather, it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a novel nickel base material for petrochemical valve rod which characterized in that: the nickel-based material for the novel petrochemical valve rod comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 0.10 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, 20.0 to 23.0 percent of Cr, 0.60 to 1.50 percent of Al, less than or equal to 2.0 percent of Fe, 10.0 to 13.0 percent of Co, 0.20 to 0.60 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
2. The novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the nickel-based material for the novel petrochemical valve rod comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.07 to 0.09 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 21.0 to 22.0 percent of Cr, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Al, less than or equal to 1.8 percent of Fe, 11.0 to 12.0 percent of Co, 0.30 to 0.50 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.
3. The preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, comprising the following steps:
preparing S1 raw material: preparing by adopting a new material, controlling the blending range value of each element of the blending material, ensuring that the elements easy to burn and consume electroslag are controlled to be qualified, polishing the surfaces of all materials, and baking according to a process baking system;
s2 vacuum smelting: the vacuum degree in the melting period is less than 5Pa, the vacuum degree in the refining period is less than or equal to 5Pa, at least two times of high-temperature instantaneous refining and one time of low-temperature long-time refining are adopted, the steel is heated to 1520 ℃ for 1-2 minutes, the furnace is shaken and stirred for 3-5 minutes, the steel temperature is reduced to 1460 ℃ (in a steel film forming state), the refining time is more than or equal to 25 minutes, the refining temperature is 1500 ℃, the tapping temperature is 1540 ℃, 210Kg of electrodes are cast, the feeding in the later casting period is full, and the mold mark is removed after the casting is finished for 15 minutes;
s3 electroslag remelting: cutting and repairing shrinkage cavity, grinding surface oxide to remove impurities, and reproducing after acceptance inspection is qualified, wherein the slag system is prepared by the following steps: CaF2：AL2O3：CaO：TiO2= 70: 15: 10: 5, voltage: 55-60V, smelting current: 5000-6000A;
s4 forging: a steel ingot heating system: charging at a temperature lower than 400 ℃, slowly raising the temperature to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, raising the temperature to 1150-plus-1180 ℃, preserving heat for more than or equal to 3h, beginning forging temperature being more than or equal to 1150 ℃, final forging temperature being more than or equal to 950 ℃, tempering and burning for more than or equal to 60 min, air cooling after forging, detecting flaws at 100%, and forging specification phi 80 x 2000 mm;
s5 heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is as follows: 1120 ℃ and 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling by water, and turning the polished rod phi 70 x 1900 mm.
4. The preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod as claimed in claim 3, wherein the nickel-based material comprises the following steps: in the preparation of the S1 raw material, the nickel plate must be baked for more than 4h at 780 ℃, Cr is baked for more than 2h at 400 ℃, and Si is baked for more than 4h at 700 ℃ for use.
5. The preparation process of the novel nickel-based material for the petrochemical valve rod as claimed in claim 3, wherein the nickel-based material comprises the following steps: when the S2 vacuum smelting feeding is carried out, small pure iron and small nickel plates are added into the bottom of 1/4, 0.025 percent bottom carbon is added, Nb and Cr are placed at the middle upper part of the crucible, the upper part of the crucible is covered by a Ni plate, the vacuum smelting process is carried out, refining is carried out, Ni-Mg0.05 percent is added, small materials such as Al, Ti and the like are strictly separated and processed in batches in sequence, and the components are controlled.
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