CN112453393B - Method for preparing superfine magnetic abrasive material by plasma electrolytic deposition - Google Patents
Method for preparing superfine magnetic abrasive material by plasma electrolytic deposition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112453393B CN112453393B CN202011390385.9A CN202011390385A CN112453393B CN 112453393 B CN112453393 B CN 112453393B CN 202011390385 A CN202011390385 A CN 202011390385A CN 112453393 B CN112453393 B CN 112453393B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/001—Magnets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a superfine magnetic grinding material by plasma electrolytic deposition, which comprises the following steps: mixing iron powder with the particle size of less than 10 mu m into the sodium aluminate electrolyte to form mixed electrolyte; the regulating valve controls the mixed electrolyte to pass through the area between the graphite anode and the copper cathode at a certain flow rate, and a pulse direct-current power supply is applied to the two electrodes; under the action of high voltage, electrolyte between the two electrodes generates discharge plasma, and nanoscale alumina is deposited on the surfaces of iron powder particles to serve as hard abrasive particle phases; through the heat effect, the chemical effect, the diffusion effect and the electrophoresis effect in the plasma electrolytic deposition process, the micron-scale ferromagnetic phase iron powder and the nanometer-scale hard abrasive particle phase aluminum oxide are firmly bonded together, so that the multi-scale micro-fine magnetic abrasive with high sphericity and strong binding power is prepared. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and high efficiency, and can realize the uniform distribution and firm combination of hard abrasive particle phases with different scales and different materials on the surface of the ferromagnetic particle matrix by controlling the components, the concentration and the discharge parameters of the electrolyte.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal matrix composite materials, in particular to a method for preparing a superfine magnetic grinding material by plasma electrolytic deposition.
Background
Magnetic particle finishing is a method in which an abrasive is brought into contact with a workpiece by the action of a magnetic field to generate a certain force, and grinding is performed by relative movement between the workpiece and the abrasive. Compared with the traditional polishing and grinding technology, the magnetic particle finishing processing has been widely applied to the manufacturing industries of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, molds, semiconductors and the like due to the characteristics of unique material removal mechanism, flexible contact processing mode, excellent surface characteristics, extremely small processing stress, convenient automatic control and the like.
As a grinding tool in magnetic particle finishing, the magnetic grinding material plays a decisive role in the processing efficiency and the processing quality. At present, the method for preparing the magnetic abrasive mainly comprises the following steps: mechanical mixing, bonding, sintering, casting, plasma melting, atomization and rapid solidification and the like. Wherein, the mechanical mixing method is a method of directly carrying out finishing processing after uniformly mixing ferromagnetic phase powder (reduced iron powder, iron oxide powder and the like) and abrasive grain phase hard particles (aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, diamond, cubic boron nitride and the like) according to a certain proportion at normal temperature by using grinding fluid or bonding agent (oleic acid, silica gel, polyethylene glycol and the like); the bonding method is that ferromagnetic phase powder and abrasive grain phase hard particles are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion by using a bonding agent (epoxy resin, cyanoacrylate, polyamide resin, sodium silicate and the like) and then are consolidated together, and then the magnetic grinding materials with different grain sizes are obtained through mechanical crushing and screening; the sintering method is based on the powder metallurgy principle, ferromagnetic phase and abrasive particle phase are mixed according to a certain proportion, a proper amount of binder is added to be stirred to be uniform, then the mixture is placed in a press machine to be pressed into a green body with a certain density, the green body is heated after being dried until the specified temperature is reached, the abrasive particle phase is embedded into the flowing molten ferromagnetic phase, and the magnetic abrasive material with good bonding strength and high density is prepared after cooling and crushing; the casting method is a method for melting a ferromagnetic metal matrix at high temperature, reaching a certain overheating temperature, atomizing into tiny droplets under the blowing of high-pressure gas, and then cooling, solidifying and screening to directly obtain the magnetic grinding material, and the method can be divided into an external particle compounding method and an in-situ reaction compounding method, wherein the former method is a method for preparing the magnetic grinding material by uniformly mixing an abrasive particle phase and a molten ferromagnetic phase and blowing the mixture into granules in a high-pressure atmosphere, and the latter method is a method for directly generating the abrasive particle phase in the ferromagnetic matrix through chemical reaction and blowing the granules into granules under the atomizing condition; the plasma fusion method is that ferromagnetic powder and abrasive grain phase particles which are uniformly mixed in advance according to a certain proportion are uninterruptedly sprayed into high-temperature plasma 'flame' generated by the breakdown of inert gas by high-frequency voltage, and then are melted into tiny droplets, and then are cooled and solidified to finally obtain the magnetic grinding material; the atomization rapid solidification method is based on the atomization powder-making principle, high-pressure airflow containing abrasive particle phase particles impacts a molten ferromagnetic phase metal body, at the moment, the molten ferromagnetic phase containing abrasive particle phase hard particles is quickly atomized to form tiny droplets under the action of the high-pressure airflow, and spherical magnetic abrasive materials with long service life and hard particle cutting edges protruding outside are formed after cooling.
However, the mechanical mixing method and the bonding method have uneven distribution and infirm bonding of abrasive grain phases, the sintering method magnetic abrasive has low sphericity and poor uniformity of grain size, the casting method has high requirement on wettability of the abrasive grain phase and the ferromagnetic phase and has inconsistent grain size distribution, the cutting edge of the plasma melting method abrasive grain phase is passivated, and the atomization rapid solidification method has wide range of grain size distribution of magnetic grains, which are different from the ideal form of the magnetic abrasive. In addition, both the mechanical mixing method, the bonding method, the sintering method and the plasma melting and atomizing rapid solidification method have the problems of particle agglomeration of abrasive phase and ferromagnetic phase, and the agglomeration problem is more serious when the particle size is smaller, so that the methods are difficult to prepare small-scale magnetic abrasive materials, especially magnetic abrasive materials containing nano-scale hard abrasive particle phase.
Although the in-situ growth method can generate a fine abrasive phase on a ferromagnetic phase matrix, the abrasive phase is generated by a chemical reaction, and the content and the particle size of the abrasive phase are difficult to control. Patent CN104746054A discloses a method for preparing diamond magnetic abrasive by magnetic control wet method, which combines diamond abrasive particles and ferromagnetic powder together by chemical plating to form magnetic abrasive. In theory, the chemical plating can prepare magnetic abrasive materials with any shape and size, but the method still has the problems of weak bonding between abrasive particle phase and ferromagnetic phase, easy falling off and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a superfine magnetic grinding material by plasma electrolytic deposition, which comprises the steps of mixing iron powder with the particle size of less than 10 mu m into sodium aluminate electrolyte to form mixed electrolyte; the regulating valve controls the mixed electrolyte to pass through the area between the graphite anode and the copper cathode at a certain flow rate, and a pulse direct-current power supply is applied to the two electrodes; under the action of high voltage, electrolyte between the two electrodes generates discharge plasma, and nanoscale alumina is deposited on the surfaces of iron powder particles to serve as a hard abrasive particle phase; through the heat effect, the chemical effect, the diffusion effect and the electrophoresis effect in the plasma electrolytic deposition process, the micron-scale ferromagnetic phase iron powder and the nanometer-scale hard abrasive particle phase aluminum oxide are firmly bonded together, so that the multi-scale micro-fine magnetic abrasive with high sphericity and strong binding power is prepared.
A method for preparing a superfine magnetic grinding material by plasma electrolytic deposition comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing spherical iron powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m, sodium aluminate electrolyte and deionized water together, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring for not less than 30min to obtain mixed electrolyte with the concentrations of the iron powder and the sodium aluminate of 50g/L and 100g/L respectively;
(2) Controlling the mixed electrolyte to pass through the region between the graphite anode and the copper cathode according to the flow of 50L/min by using a flow valve;
(3) Applying a direct current power supply of 250-350V to a graphite anode and a copper cathode, generating discharge plasma between the two electrodes under the action of a high-voltage power supply, accumulating negative charges on one side close to the anode, accumulating positive charges on one side close to the cathode, generating electric adsorption on one side close to the cathode, forming a local micro electric field near the cathode and the cathode, and adsorbing aluminate ions on the surface of the anode to form electric adsorption due to the action of electric field coulomb force;
(4) When the mixed electrolyte passes through a plasma region, the high surface energy of the iron powder enables the mixed electrolyte to form a strong specific adsorption effect on aluminate ions, the adsorption strength of the mixed electrolyte is between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the aluminate ions are deposited on the surface of the iron powder and quickly converted into an alumina abrasive phase with a nano scale under the combined action of the specific adsorption, the electric adsorption and the plasma;
(5) The iron powder passes through the plasma zone in a rotating mode under the combined action of the flow of the mixed electrolyte and the electric field force of two poles, so that the obtained nano-scale alumina abrasive grain phase is uniformly distributed on the surfaces of ferromagnetic iron powder particles;
(6) And filtering the mixed electrolyte and the powder by using a continuous belt type vacuum filter, then putting the filtered mixed electrolyte and the powder into a vacuum drying furnace for drying at 60 ℃, cooling the dried mixed electrolyte after 1 hour, and taking the dried mixed electrolyte out to obtain the superfine magnetic grinding material containing the nanoscale grinding particle phase.
The method for preparing the superfine magnetic grinding material by the plasma electrolytic deposition has the following advantages and effects:
compared with the preparation methods of mechanical mixing, bonding, sintering, plasma melting, atomization and rapid solidification and the like, the method has the advantages that the problem of abrasive particle phase agglomeration is solved, and micron, submicron and even nanometer hard abrasive particle phases can be obtained through the deposition of electrolyte on the surfaces of ferromagnetic phase particles, so that the micron-scale, nanometer-scale and even multi-scale micro-magnetic abrasive is prepared.
Compared with the existing chemical plating preparation method, the electrolytic plasma deposition preparation method is that the electrolyte between two electrodes is utilized to generate discharge plasma, so that the electrolyte is deposited on the surface of ferromagnetic phase particles and forms a hard abrasive phase rapidly; in addition, due to the heat effect, the chemical effect, the diffusion effect and the electrophoresis effect in the plasma discharge process, the hard abrasive particles deposited on the surfaces of the ferromagnetic phase particles are tightly combined with the ferromagnetic phase, and the bonding force of the hard abrasive particles and the ferromagnetic phase is far greater than that of the magnetic abrasive prepared by the composite coating.
According to the method for preparing the superfine magnetic grinding material by plasma electrolytic deposition, iron powder or iron-based alloy powder with different grain sizes can be selected as a ferromagnetic phase according to needs, and electrolytes such as silicate, aluminate and the like are deposited to generate a nano-scale hard grinding particle phase such as alumina, silica and the like, so that the superfine magnetic grinding material with the size of the ferromagnetic phase of several micrometers and the size of the grinding particle phase of nano-scale is finally prepared.
The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost and high in efficiency, and can realize uniform distribution and firm combination of hard abrasive particle phases with different scales and different materials on the surface of the ferromagnetic particle matrix by controlling the components, concentration and discharge parameters of the electrolyte.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a plasma electrolytic deposition for preparing a fine magnetic abrasive.
Fig. 2 is an XRD spectrum of the fine magnetic abrasive prepared by plasma electrodeposition.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for preparing a superfine magnetic grinding material by plasma electrolytic deposition, which has the preferred specific implementation mode that: spherical iron powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m, sodium aluminate electrolyte and deionized water are mixed together and subjected to ultrasonic stirring for 35min to obtain mixed electrolyte with the concentrations of the iron powder and the sodium aluminate of 50g/L and 100g/L respectively. The flow valve is adjusted to control the mixed electrolyte to pass through the area between the graphite anode and the copper cathode at a flow rate of 50L/min. A300V direct current power supply is applied to the graphite anode and the copper cathode, discharge plasma is generated between the two electrodes under the action of a high-voltage power supply, and aluminate ions are adsorbed on the surface of the anode under the action of the coulomb force of an electric field to form electric adsorption. When the mixed electrolyte passes through the plasma zone, the high surface energy of the iron powder forms a strong specific adsorption effect on aluminate ions, the adsorption strength of the iron powder is between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the aluminate ions are deposited on the surface of the iron powder and quickly converted into a nano-scale alumina abrasive phase under the combined action of the specific adsorption, the electric adsorption and the plasma. The flow of the mixed electrolyte and the combined action of electric field forces of two poles enable the iron powder to pass through a plasma zone in a rotating mode, so that the obtained nano-scale alumina abrasive grain phase is uniformly distributed on the surfaces of iron powder particles in a ferromagnetic phase. Filtering the mixed electrolyte and the powder by using a continuous belt type vacuum filter, then drying the mixed electrolyte and the powder in a vacuum drying furnace at 60 ℃, cooling the mixed electrolyte and the powder after 1 hour, and taking the dried mixed electrolyte out to obtain the superfine magnetic abrasive containing the nano-scale alumina abrasive grain phase. The prepared magnetic abrasive is washed with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water and dried in vacuum, and the microstructure and chemical components are measured by using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer, as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The prepared superfine magnetic grinding material has a regular spherical structure, and the nano-scale alumina hard grinding particle phase is uniformly and densely embedded in the superficial layer of the ferromagnetic phase particle matrix and firmly combined with the metal matrix; the magnetic abrasive is prepared by performing phase analysis on the magnetic abrasive, and consists of a matrix phase and an alumina abrasive phase. It is to be understood that the examples described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing fine magnetic abrasive by plasma electrolytic deposition, which is characterized in that through the thermal effect, the chemical effect, the diffusion effect and the electrophoresis effect in the plasma electrolytic deposition process, micron-scale ferromagnetic phase iron powder and nanometer-scale hard abrasive phase alumina are firmly bonded together, so that the multi-scale fine magnetic abrasive with high sphericity and strong binding power is prepared, and the preparation method of the magnetic abrasive is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Mixing spherical iron powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m, sodium aluminate electrolyte and deionized water together, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring for not less than 30min to obtain mixed electrolyte with the concentrations of the iron powder and the sodium aluminate being 50g/L and 100g/L respectively; (2) Controlling the mixed electrolyte to pass through the area between the graphite anode and the copper cathode according to the flow of 50L/min by using a valve of the flow regulating valve; (3) Applying a 250-350V direct current power supply to the graphite anode and the copper cathode, generating discharge plasma between the two electrodes under the action of a high-voltage power supply, accumulating negative charges on one side close to the anode, accumulating positive charges on one side close to the cathode, generating electric adsorption on one side close to the cathode, forming a local micro electric field near the cathode and the cathode, and adsorbing aluminate ions on the surface of the anode to form electric adsorption due to the action of electric field coulomb force; (4) When the mixed electrolyte passes through a plasma region, the high surface energy of the iron powder enables the mixed electrolyte to form a strong specific adsorption effect on aluminate ions, the adsorption strength of the mixed electrolyte is between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the aluminate ions are deposited on the surface of the iron powder and quickly converted into an alumina abrasive phase with a nano scale under the combined action of the specific adsorption, the electric adsorption and the plasma; (5) Under the combined action of the flow of the mixed electrolyte and the electric field force of two poles, the iron powder passes through a plasma zone in a rotating mode, so that the obtained nano-scale alumina abrasive grain phase is uniformly distributed on the surfaces of ferromagnetic phase iron powder particles; (6) And filtering the mixed electrolyte and the powder by using a continuous belt type vacuum filter, then drying the mixed electrolyte and the powder in a vacuum drying furnace at 60 ℃, cooling the mixed electrolyte and the powder after 1 hour, and taking the dried mixed electrolyte out to obtain the superfine magnetic abrasive containing the nanoscale abrasive grain phase.
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| CN113512403A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-10-19 | 山东理工大学 | Preparation method of rapid-setting magnetic abrasive by combining plasma molten metal micro-droplets and hard abrasive powder |
| CN113278401A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-20 | 贵州大学 | Novel magnetic-elastic composite abrasive particle based on silica gel |
| CN114214033B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-06-27 | 绍兴自远磨具有限公司 | Magnetic abrasive for workpiece grinding and preparation process thereof |
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