CN112453310A

CN112453310A - Forging process of energy-saving rear spline shaft

Info

Publication number: CN112453310A
Application number: CN202011195985.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 颜永生
Original assignee: Chongqing Transmission Shaft Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Transmission Shaft Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-30
Filing date: 2020-10-30
Publication date: 2021-03-09
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-30
Also published as: CN112453310B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of transmission shaft production, and discloses an energy-saving forging process for a spline shaft, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials; preparing a blank; (2) heating: heating the blank heating section prepared in the step (1); (3) molding: putting the blank heated in the step (2) into a die and forging; (4) demolding: withdrawing the upper die and ejecting the blank; (5) and (4) checking: and (4) inspecting the product manufactured in the step (4). The energy-saving rear spline transmission shaft forged by the process can reduce the blanking weight, save energy, improve the quality and reduce the cost.

Description

Forging process of energy-saving rear spline shaft

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of transmission shaft production, in particular to a forging process of an energy-saving rear spline shaft.

Background

The transmission shaft is an important part for transmitting power in an automobile transmission system, and the transmission shaft, a gearbox and a drive axle are used for transmitting the power of an engine to wheels so that an automobile generates driving force. The transmission shaft consists of a shaft tube, a telescopic sleeve and a universal joint, and the telescopic sleeve can automatically adjust the change of the distance between the transmission and the drive axle. The universal joint ensures the change of the included angle between two axes of the output shaft of the speed changer and the input shaft of the drive axle and realizes the equal angular speed transmission of the two shafts.

The spline shaft is one of mechanical transmission, and has the structure that a longitudinal key groove is arranged on the outer surface of the shaft, and a rotating part sleeved on the shaft is also provided with a corresponding key groove which can keep rotating synchronously with the shaft. The spline shaft can longitudinally slide on the shaft while rotating, and can be applied to automobile power transmission shaft systems, steering mechanisms and the like. The rear spline shaft is an important component of the transmission shaft. The rear spline shaft is generally produced by a forging technology, and in the prior art, when the rear spline shaft is forged, the whole rear spline shaft needs to be heated, so that the energy consumption is high, and the cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an energy-saving rear spline shaft forging process, and the energy-saving rear spline transmission shaft forged by the process can reduce the blanking weight, save energy, improve the quality and reduce the cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the energy-saving forging process of the rear spline shaft comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing materials; preparing a blank;

(2) heating: heating the blank heating section prepared in the step (1);

(3) molding: putting the blank heated in the step (2) into a die and forging;

(4) demolding: withdrawing the upper die and ejecting the blank;

(5) and (4) checking: and (4) inspecting the product manufactured in the step (4).

Further, the temperature of heating in step (2) is 1100-.

Further, the heating temperature in the step (2) is 1130-.

Further, the blank in the step (1) is round steel with the diameter of 38 mm.

Further, the step (3) is completed through forging equipment, the forging equipment comprises a rack, a hydraulic structure and a forging rod, the hydraulic structure is fixedly connected with the upper end of the rack, the forging rod is vertically matched with the rack in a sliding mode and driven by the hydraulic structure, a die is arranged on the lower portion of the rack and comprises a lower backing plate and a forming lower die, and the lower backing plate is fixedly connected with the forming lower die; the lower molding die is provided with a die cavity and also comprises an ejector rod communicated with the die cavity.

And (3) before the blank is placed into the die, uniformly spraying cooling lubricating liquid into the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity by using a spray gun.

Further, in the step (3), the adding end of the blank is upward when the blank is put in.

Further, in the step (3), after the blank is placed into the forming lower die, the blank is pressed down to the lower die by using a flat die, so that the top surface of the blank is lower than the end surface of the lower die, and then the flat die is taken out.

Furthermore, an ejection channel is arranged in the middle of the lower die base plate for molding, and the ejector rod is positioned in the ejection channel and is in sliding fit with the ejection channel.

Furthermore, a communication hole is formed in the middle of the lower backing plate and is communicated with the ejection channel; the frame is provided with an ejection hydraulic cylinder, and the output end of the ejection hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the communicating hole and is connected with the ejector rod.

The principle and the beneficial effect of this scheme of adoption lie in: the energy-saving rear spline transmission shaft produced by the process cancels the integral heating mode, only heats the rear spline shaft big head, directly adopts 38 round steel for the rod part of the rear longer part, cancels the rod part drawing slope, reduces the blanking weight, saves the energy, improves the quality and reduces the cost. When this scheme of adoption production moreover, pole portion does not have the tapering, makes things convenient for machine to add the process clamping.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-saving spline shaft forging apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the forging die of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-saving spline shaft forging apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a slide bar according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a sleeve according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a perspective view of a punch ring according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the die comprises a lower backing plate 1, a stud 2, a screw 3, an ejector rod 4, a nut 5, a forming lower die 6, a connecting plate 7, a forming lower backing plate 8, a through hole 9, a die cavity 10, a frame 11, a hydraulic structure 12, a forging rod 13, an upper die 14, an accommodating cavity 15, an ejection hydraulic cylinder 16, a base 17, a sliding rod 18, a sliding groove 19, a chute 20, a fixing plate 21, a sleeve 22, a first limiting block 23, a fixing ring 24, a limiting ring 25, a connecting rod 26, a flat die 27, a stamping ring 28 and a second limiting block 29.

Example one

The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: an energy-saving forging process for a spline shaft comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing materials; preparing a blank;

(2) heating: heating the blank heating section prepared in the step (1) by adopting a four-station intermediate frequency heating furnace; the heating temperature is 1100 ℃;

(3) molding: putting the blank heated in the step (2) into a die and forging; before the blank is put into a die, a spray gun is used for uniformly spraying cooling and lubricating liquid into an upper forming die cavity and a lower forming die cavity; when the blank is put into the container, the adding end of the blank faces upwards; after the blank is put into the lower forming die, the blank is pressed down to the lower die by a flat die, so that the top surface of the blank is lower than the end surface of the lower die, and then the flat die is taken out; lowering the upper die to forge and form, wherein the pressure during forging is not more than 20 MPa;

(4) demolding: withdrawing the upper die and ejecting the blank;

Example two

The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the heating temperature in step (2) in this embodiment is 1130 ℃.

EXAMPLE III

This example differs from example one in that the heating temperature in step (2) in this example is 1230 ℃.

Example four

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the energy-saving forging apparatus for a spline shaft after energy saving in the present embodiment includes a frame 11, a base 17, a hydraulic structure 12 and a forging rod 13, and the hydraulic structure 12 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the frame 11. The base 17 is fixedly connected with the frame 11; the forging bar 13 is vertically slidably engaged with the frame 11 and the forging bar 13 is driven by the hydraulic structure 12. The hydraulic structure in this embodiment is a common hydraulic structure in the prior art, and for example, a hydraulic cylinder or the like may be used, and the specific structure and the connection manner with the forging rod 13 are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein again. The lower part of the frame 11 is provided with a die, the die comprises an upper die 14, a lower cushion plate 1 and a forming lower die 6, the lower cushion plate 1 and the forming lower die 6 are fixedly connected, and the lower cushion plate 1 is fixedly connected with a base 17 through bolts. The upper die 14 is welded to the forging bar.

The number of the fixing parts is a plurality of, and the number of the fixing parts is three in this embodiment, and the three fixing parts are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the lower molding die 6. A connecting plate 7 is arranged on the periphery of the lower forming die 6, and the connecting plate 7 and the lower forming die 6 can be connected in a welding mode; the cross section of the connecting plate 7 is circular. Specifically, the fixing portion comprises a stud 2 and a nut 5, the connecting plate 7 is provided with connecting holes, and the connecting holes are evenly formed in the circumferential direction of the connecting plate 7. One end of the stud 2 penetrates through the connecting hole and is in threaded connection with the lower backing plate 1, and the other end of the stud 2 is in threaded connection with the nut 5.

The forming device further comprises a forming lower die base plate 8, and the forming lower die base plate 8 is located between the forming lower die 6 and the lower backing plate 1. And the lower die base plate 8 is fixedly connected with the lower base plate 1 through the socket head cap screws 3. The forming lower die base plate 8 is arranged to improve the bearing strength of the forming lower die 6, the middle of the forming lower die base plate 8 is provided with an ejection channel, the ejection channel is communicated with the die cavity 10, and the middle of the lower base plate is provided with a through hole 9.

Referring to fig. 3, a mold cavity 10 is opened inside the lower molding die 6, the mold in this embodiment further includes a top bar 4 communicated with the mold cavity 10, and the top bar 4 is located in the ejection channel and horizontally and slidably engaged with the ejection channel. The ejector rod 4 is in a convex shape, specifically, the ejector rod 4 comprises a fixed block and a rod body, and the fixed block and the rod body are integrally formed; the fixed block is abutted against the lower backing plate 1, and the cross sectional area of the fixed block is larger than that of the through hole 9. One end of the rod body, which is far away from the fixed block, faces the die cavity 10, and the central line of the rod body is superposed with the axis of the through hole 9.

When forging energy-conserving back integral key shaft, the forging equipment of this scheme of adoption only needs heat the tip of back integral key shaft, then places the back integral key shaft after will heating in the die cavity 10 of mould, then starts hydraulic structure 12 drive and forges pole 13 downstream and drive go up mould 14 downstream and can accomplish the forging to back integral key shaft. After the forging is finished, the ejector rod 4 is applied with force through the through hole 9, and the rear spline shaft is ejected out by the ejector rod 4. Because the rear spline shaft right-hand member is not heated, when doing full work through ejector pin 4, also can not lead to rear spline shaft right-hand member to warp. The forging equipment of this scheme of adoption compares in forging equipment among the prior art, because only need forge the tip of back integral key shaft, the mould carries out the part of processing shorter to the back integral key shaft, and 4 ejecting distances of ejector pin also corresponding shorten, can be applicable to current energy-conserving back integral key shaft's forging technology.

EXAMPLE five

As shown in fig. 4, the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that in the present embodiment, an accommodating cavity is formed in the middle of a base 17, an ejection hydraulic cylinder 16 is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the ejection hydraulic cylinder 16 is fixed at the bottom of the accommodating cavity 15 by bolts. An output shaft of the ejection hydraulic cylinder 16 can pass through the communication hole 9 and is connected to the carrier rod 4.

After the forging is finished, the ejection hydraulic cylinder 16 is started, and the piston rod of the ejection hydraulic cylinder 16 extends out and penetrates through the through hole 9 to push the ejector rod 4, so that the purpose of ejecting the rear spline shaft is achieved, and the operation is convenient.

EXAMPLE six

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the difference between the present embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the forging apparatus further includes a support rod (not shown), the support rod is fixedly connected to the base 17, and the support rod is vertically disposed. The middle part of the support rod is welded with a sliding rod 18, the sliding rod 18 passes through a sleeve 22, and the lower end of the sliding rod 18 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 21. In this embodiment, a sleeve 22 is further included, and the sleeve 22 is sleeved outside the sliding rod 18 and is in sliding fit with the sliding rod 18. The outer side of the sliding rod 18 is provided with a vertical sliding chute 19 and a chute 20, and the lower end of the sliding chute 19 is communicated with the lower end of the chute 20. The inner wall of the sleeve 22 is provided with a protrusion which can be clamped in the sliding groove 19 or the chute 20 and is in sliding fit with the sliding groove 19 or the chute 20. The lower end of the sleeve 22 is welded with a fixed ring, the sliding rod 18 is also sleeved with a pressure spring, and two ends of the pressure spring are respectively connected with the fixed ring 24 and the fixed plate 21. The outer wall of the sleeve 22 is welded with a connecting rod 26, the lower end of the connecting rod 26 is welded with a flat die 27, and the outer wall of the sleeve 22 is also welded with a limit ring 25. The outer wall welding of sleeve 22 upper end has first stopper 23, and the quantity of first stopper 23 is two and radially sets up along sleeve 22. Also included in this embodiment is a punch ring 28, with the slide rod 18 passing through the sleeve 22, and the punch ring 28 being connected to the forged rod 13. The inner wall of the stamping ring 28 is welded with second limiting blocks 29, and the number of the second limiting blocks 29 is two and is arranged along the radial direction of the stamping ring 28.

In the original state, the protrusion is caught in the slide groove 19 and the first stopper 23 and the second stopper 29 are vertically overlapped. During forging, the hydraulic structure 12 drives the forging rod 13 to slide downward. Because forged bar 13 is connected to punch ring 28, punch ring 28 slides downward as forged bar 13 slides downward. Because of the action of the first stopper 23 and the second stopper 29, the stamping ring 28 drives the sleeve 22 to slide downwards, at this time, the protrusion slides along the sliding groove 19, and the pressure spring is compressed. In the process, the flat die 27 presses the blank material to enter the lower die, and when the protrusion slides to the lower end of the chute 19, the protrusion enters the chute 20, and then under the action of the pressure spring, the protrusion slides upwards along the chute 19, that is, the sleeve 22 rotates to stagger the first limiting block 23 and the second limiting block 29, that is, the sleeve 22 rotates and slides upwards, so that the flat die 27 and the upper die 14 are staggered by an angle. The forging rod 13 continues to move downward to forge the blank without the flat die 27 interfering with the forging of the blank by the upper die 14. In this embodiment, the processes of pressing the blank by the flat die 27 and forging the upper die 14 can be automatically realized.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy-saving forging process of a rear spline shaft is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing materials; preparing a blank;

(2) heating: heating the blank heating section prepared in the step (1);

(3) molding: putting the blank heated in the step (2) into a die and forging;

(4) demolding: withdrawing the upper die and ejecting the blank;

2. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of heating in the step (2) is 1100-1250 ℃.

3. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: the heating temperature in the step (2) is 1130-.

4. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 3, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the blank in the step (1) is round steel with the diameter of 38 mm.

5. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 4, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the step (3) is completed through forging equipment, the forging equipment comprises a rack, a hydraulic structure and a forging rod, the hydraulic structure is fixedly connected with the upper end of the rack, the forging rod is vertically matched with the rack in a sliding mode and driven by the hydraulic structure, a die is arranged on the lower portion of the rack and comprises a lower backing plate and a forming lower die, and the lower backing plate is fixedly connected with the forming lower die; the lower molding die is provided with a die cavity and also comprises an ejector rod communicated with the die cavity.

6. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 5, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: and (3) before the blank is placed into the die, uniformly spraying cooling lubricating liquid into the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity by using a spray gun.

7. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 6, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the adding end of the blank is upward when the blank is placed.

8. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 7, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: and (3) after the blank is placed into the forming lower die, pressing the blank down to the lower die by using a flat die to enable the top surface of the blank to be lower than the end surface of the lower die, and then taking out the flat die.

9. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 8, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: an ejection channel is arranged in the middle of the lower molding die base plate, and the ejector rod is located in the ejection channel and is in sliding fit with the ejection channel.

10. The forging process of the energy-saving rear spline shaft according to claim 9, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the middle part of the lower backing plate is provided with a communication hole which is communicated with the ejection channel; the frame is provided with an ejection hydraulic cylinder, and the output end of the ejection hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the communicating hole and is connected with the ejector rod.