CN1124510C - 使用包含光隔离器的光学衰减器的光学通讯系统 - Google Patents

使用包含光隔离器的光学衰减器的光学通讯系统 Download PDF

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CN1124510C
CN1124510C CN98811754A CN98811754A CN1124510C CN 1124510 C CN1124510 C CN 1124510C CN 98811754 A CN98811754 A CN 98811754A CN 98811754 A CN98811754 A CN 98811754A CN 1124510 C CN1124510 C CN 1124510C
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magnetic field
intensity
optoisolator
attenuator
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CN1285930A (zh
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金性准
黄星泽
尹秀永
金贞美
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/093Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators

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Abstract

一种使用包含光隔离器的光学衰减器的光学通讯系统。光学衰减器包括:带法拉第旋转器的光隔离器,旋转器中的偏振旋转角依所加磁场的强度而变;用以产生磁场的磁场发生器,由电流强度控制所述磁场的强度,并将所得磁场加给光隔离器;给所述磁场发生器提供电流并控制电流强度的电源。按照这种方式,使光信号受到衰减。因此,由于其尺寸小,易于将本光学衰减器安装在系统上,并且通过只控制电流的强度,即可改变衰减的程度。

Description

使用包含光隔离器的光学衰减器的光学通讯系统
本发明涉及一种使用光隔离器的光学衰减器和包含这种衰减器的光学通讯系统。具体地说,涉及一种光学衰减器,它通过给光隔离器一个磁场变化衰减光束,还涉及包含这种衰减器的光学通讯系统。
光学衰减器被广泛地应用于光学通讯中。在各种光学组件中,光学衰减器是一种重要的部件。特别是在光传输过程中经接收入口引进的信号很强,以致在超过探测器的灵敏度的情况下,可与一个包含衰减器的接收敏感区相适应地控制光信号的强度。
图1是表示普通光学衰减器结构的方框图。参照图1,所述光学衰减器包括第一光纤100、第一透镜102、衰减板104、第二透镜106和第二光纤108。
首先,经第一透镜102使第一光纤100传送的输入光信号回归为平行光束,并入射于衰减板104上。衰减板104根据它的位置被涂敷成不同的衰减水平,并依其转动的角度具有不同的衰减水平。通过衰减板104的光信号被第二透镜106聚焦,并输出至第二光纤108。
然而,为转动衰减板104需要特定的电机,以自动控制衰减板104。在这种情况下,衰减器就变得较大,其成本也会增加。特别是当必须把衰减器安装在比如交换器等系统上时,因为衰减器的尺寸的缘故,难于直接安装在一个支架上,这就需要一个特殊的安装装置。
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种使用光隔离器的光学衰减器,它能通过给所述光隔离器加一个磁场,根据磁场强度控制隔离的程度,以电磁方式控制衰减器的衰减水平;还提供一种包含这种衰减器的光学通讯系统。
于是,为实现上述目的,提供一种使用光隔离器的光学衰减器,它控制输入光信号的强度,所述光学衰减器包括:带法拉第旋转器的光隔离器,所述旋转器中的偏振旋转角依所加磁场的强度而变,为的是根据该偏振旋转角改变光信号的隔离程度并输出经衰减的光信号;用以产生磁场的磁场发生器,由电流强度控制所述磁场的强度,并将所产生的磁场加给所述光隔离器;还包括给所述磁场发生器提供电流并控制电流强度的电源。
为实现上述目的,提供一种光学通讯系统,它包括光发射器、第一和第二光学衰减器,以及光接收器,而且它还通过用所述第一光学衰减器控制光发射器输出光信号的功率,以及通过用所述第二光学衰减器控制要由光接收器接收的光信号的功率,防止对所述光接收器的损害,其中所述第一和第二光学衰减器包括:一个带法拉第旋转器的光隔离器,所述旋转器中的偏振旋转角依所加磁场的强度而变,为的是根据该偏振旋转角改变光信号的隔离程度并输出经衰减的光信号;用以产生磁场的磁场发生器,由电流强度控制所述磁场的强度,并将所产生的磁场加给所述光隔离器,并将所产生的磁场加给所述光隔离器;还包括给所述磁场发生器提供电流并控制电流强度的电源。
图1表示普通光学衰减器的结构;
图2是本发明使用光隔离器的光学衰减器的方框图;
图3是图2的光隔离器的方框图;
图4是本发明包含使用光隔离器之光学衰减器的光学通讯系统的方框图。
参照图2,一种光学衰减器包括一个电磁铁,它能利用磁芯204和线圈206在光隔离器200上形成磁场。电源202与线圈206相连,并对线圈206供给电流。磁芯204的作用在于加大线圈206所形成的磁通量。
下面根据上述结构说明本发明的工作情况。首先,输入光信号经光纤输入端(未示出)进来,受到光隔离器200的阻挡。电源202产生的电信号通过改变线圈206的磁场控制光隔离器200的隔离程度。可将所述隔离程度理解为输出光信号相对于输入光信号的衰减情况。也即当把电源202产生的电信号加给磁芯204和线圈206时,入射到光隔离器200上的输入光信号按照该光隔离器的衰减程度被衰减。
在有如上述那样工作的光学衰减器中,衰减比率可在0.5dB至50dB之间。
图3是图2的光隔离器200的方框图。所述光隔离器使光能够以很小的损耗从入射端口被传送到出射端口,并防止具有较高损耗的逆向传送和光复合,从而稳定地保持系统的工作。例如,在由激光二极管发出的光源沿着光传输的方向传送时,在光纤互相连接的连接器中或者在被连接到各种其它装置的情况下由于回传光而产生反射噪声的地方产生反射光。光隔离器就能避免上述问题,而且在由于反射光产生这些问题的速度不小于1Gbps的光纤通讯中以及高灵敏度传感器中尤其是必须的。
图3的光隔离器包括第一准直器300、第一双折射元件302、法拉第旋转器304、第二双折射元件306和第二准直器308。金红石或方解石是适于作为第一和第二双折射元件材料的。第一双折射元件302是作为起偏器工作的,而第二双折射元件306是作为检偏器工作的。原理是只有一个方向的特定偏振光通过,而与上述偏振光垂直的偏振光不能通过。起偏器和检偏器之间的基本参数是所述通过的偏振光对与该通过之偏振光垂直的偏振光的衰减比率。
法拉第旋转器304使入射光的偏振面转过45°。由法拉第旋转器304的后端使旋转45°的光沿相反方向被反射,并重新进入它,然后再转过45°。于是,使光线总共转过90°。因而旋转90°的反射波受到偏振器的阻挡。当把磁场沿传送方向加给磁光材料时,法拉第旋转器304利用法拉第效应产生法拉第旋转。所述法拉第效应是在光通过磁光材料时,光的偏振面旋转。
所述光隔离器的性能由前进插入损失和返回隔离确定。由于在元件接合处的反射,以及偏振器和旋转器的不合格,所述光隔离器总是有约1dB的插入损失和大约30dB的隔离的。
下面描述图3光隔离器的工作情况。第一准直器300会聚并准直第一光纤和激光二极管(未示出)发射的光。由第一双折射元件302将准直后的光分成偏振方向互相垂直的两束光,该两束光通过不同的路径,被入射于法拉第旋转器304上。金红石或方解石是适于作为所述双折射元件材料的。在保持偏振方向互相垂直的情况下,射入法拉第旋转器304的光沿现有偏振光的方向被转过45°。当改变偏振方向的光束再次通过第二双折射元件306时,两束光合为一束。然后,该两束光受到第二准直器308的准直,经准直的光束进入第二光纤(未示出)。在此,法拉第旋转器304使所述光隔离器保持恒定的磁场,使偏振(方向)可改变45°。但如果在光隔离器附近产生磁场,则包含法拉第旋转器的磁铁的磁场受到影响。另外,法拉第旋转器按照磁场的强度改变偏振(方向)的转动角度,有如下述方程式(1)所示:
                   θ=VBI                       …(1)其中θ是转过的角度,V是常数,B是磁场强度,I是作用长度。
当如方程式(1)所示那样由外部磁场改变偏振(方向)时,会使因第二双折射元件306而互相垂直偏振的光束的路径改变,因此而改变经第二准直器308入射于第二光纤上的光量。也就是说,磁场强度随外部电信号(电流)的强度变化,并且所述光隔离器的损耗特性按照磁场强度的变化而不同。
图4是本发明包含使用光隔离器之光学衰减器的光学通讯系统的方框图。参照图4,所述光学通讯系统包含光发射器400、使用光隔离器的第一光学衰减器402、使用光隔离器的第二光学衰减器404以及光接收器406。
入射于光发射器400上的光信号的功率受到使用光隔离器的第一光学衰减器402的调整,以提供系统所需的输出功率。经传输通道将一较强的光信号传给使用光隔离器的第二光学衰减器404,并受到该光学衰减器404的衰减,以防止对光接收器406的损害。
当传送波分复用(WDM)光信号时,在光发射器和光接收器以及光增/减复用器中实行通道的增减的情况下,所述使用光隔离器的光学衰减器控制光的功率。
按照本发明,将磁芯和线圈安置在光隔离器上,施加于线圈上的电流受到控制,以调整光隔离器上形成的磁场的强度,从而控制光信号的隔离。按照这种方式,使光信号受到衰减。因此,可以实现光衰减器,因其尺寸小,而且由于可以通过只控制电流强度而改变衰减的程度,以致对诸如灰尘、温度和潮湿等外界因素不敏感,所以易于将它安装在系统上。另外,由于使用电机转动光学衰减器的衰减板,电流是以电的方式受到控制,而非以机械方式去控制,所以容易实现光学衰减器与系统的接合。

Claims (1)

1.一种光学通讯系统,它包括光发射器、第一和第二光学衰减器,以及光接收器,它还通过用所述第一光学衰减器控制光发射器输出光学信号的功率,以及通过用所述第二光学衰减器衰减要由光接收器接收的光信号的功率,防止对所述光接收器的损害,其特征在于所述两个光学衰减器中的每一个包括:
一个带法拉第旋转器的光隔离器,所述旋转器中的偏振旋转角依所加磁场的强度而变,为的是根据该偏振旋转角改变光信号的隔离程度并输出经衰减的光信号;
一个安置在所述隔离器周围的线圈,以便将一个被产生的磁场加给所述隔离器,用以产生磁场强度受到电流强度控制的磁场;
给所述线圈提供电流并控制电流强度的电源。
CN98811754A 1997-12-09 1998-12-08 使用包含光隔离器的光学衰减器的光学通讯系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1124510C (zh)

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US6441944B1 (en) 2002-08-27
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CA2312933C (en) 2004-11-23
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