CN112448169A - Electromagnetic wave absorbing structure - Google Patents
Electromagnetic wave absorbing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112448169A CN112448169A CN202011293044.XA CN202011293044A CN112448169A CN 112448169 A CN112448169 A CN 112448169A CN 202011293044 A CN202011293044 A CN 202011293044A CN 112448169 A CN112448169 A CN 112448169A
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920007790 polymethacrylimide foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 103
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electromagnetic wave absorbing structure, which comprises: the wave absorbing device comprises a metal floor and k layers of wave absorbing modules which are sequentially arranged on the metal floor; the ith wave absorbing module comprises an ith foam substrate and an ith film unit, and the ith film unit is arranged on the ith foam substrate; the ith thin film unit comprises p2The XmXn resistance films are arranged on the ith layer of foam substrate in an array manner; the (i + 1) th thin film unit comprises q2And the x m x n resistance films are arranged on the (i + 1) th layer of foam substrate in an array, and q is more than p, and q and p are positive integers more than or equal to 1. The electromagnetic wave-absorbing structure disclosed by the invention can meet the requirements of low cost, light weight, low profile and high efficiency ultra-wideband wave absorption at 0.08-0.15 lambda0High-efficiency wave absorption within 10 octaves is realized under the section height of the initial working frequency, the absorption rate is more than 90%, and the ultra-wide frequency bands such as 30-300MHz, 300MHz-3GHz or 3-30GHz can be effectively covered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic materials, in particular to an electromagnetic wave absorbing structure.
Background
The wave-absorbing structure is a structure capable of effectively absorbing incident electromagnetic waves and scattering and attenuating the incident electromagnetic waves, different wave-absorbing structure design methods can realize different electromagnetic wave losses, but the purpose is to reduce the number of interference electromagnetic waves, and the design goal is to be as thin, light, wide and strong as possible, that is, the wave-absorbing structure is thinner in thickness, lighter in weight, wider in wave-absorbing band and stronger in absorption effect. The coating type wave-absorbing structure usually adopts magnetic materials such as ferrite, metal micro powder and the like as an absorbent, has the advantages of small thickness, wide wave-absorbing frequency band and the like, but has large density and heavy mass. The pyramid and the multilayer board which are made of the structural wave-absorbing material filled with foam, sponge and the like have the advantages of high absorption efficiency, light weight, wide absorption bandwidth and the like, but the section height is large. The resonant wave-absorbing structure designed based on the metamaterial concept has the advantages of simple design, high absorptivity and the like, can realize flexible regulation and control of electromagnetic waves, and is developed rapidly in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. Compared with the same design index, the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is not as thin and wide as a coating type wave-absorbing structure, but has more advantages in the aspects of light and strength, but is not as strong and wide as a pyramid and foam flat plate wave-absorbing structure, but has more advantages in the aspect of thinness, so that the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure integrates multiple indexes, realizes the thinness, lightness, width and strength of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure as much as possible, and becomes the key research and development of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide an electromagnetic wave absorbing structure, so as to meet the requirements of low cost, light weight, low profile and high efficiency ultra-wideband wave absorption at the same time.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electromagnetic wave absorbing structure, including:
the wave absorbing structure comprises a metal floor and k layers of wave absorbing modules sequentially arranged on the metal floor, wherein k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1;
the ith wave absorbing module comprises an ith foam substrate and an ith film unit, wherein the ith film unit is arranged on the ith foam substrate, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k;
the ith thin film unit comprises p2X m x n resistive films, p2The XNth resistance film arrays are arranged on the ith layer of foam substrate, wherein the XNth resistance film arrays are the number of resistance films arranged in the first layer of film units, and p is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1;
the (i + 1) th thin film unit comprises q2X m x n resistance films, q2An x m x n array of resistive films disposed on the (i + 1) th foam baseWherein q is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and q > p.
Optionally, when k is 3, 1 resistive film is arranged in the first layer of film unit, 4 resistive films are arranged in the second layer of film unit, and 9 resistive films are arranged in the third layer of film unit; or 1 resistance film is arranged in the first layer film unit, 4 resistance films are arranged in the second layer film unit, and 16 resistance films are arranged in the third layer film unit.
Optionally, when k is 4, 1 resistive film is arranged in the first layer of film unit, 4 resistive films are arranged in the second layer of film unit, 9 resistive films are arranged in the third layer of film unit, and 16 resistive films are arranged in the fourth layer of film unit; or 1 resistance film is arranged in the first layer film unit, 4 resistance films are arranged in the second layer film unit, 16 resistance films are arranged in the third layer film unit, and 25 resistance films are arranged in the fourth layer film unit.
Optionally, the sheet resistances of the film elements of the respective layers are different.
Optionally, each layer of the wave absorbing module is square.
Optionally, the material of each layer of the foam substrate is a foamed foam or a polymethacrylimide foam.
Optionally, the material of the resistance thin film is ITO, carbon black paste or graphene thin film.
Optionally, each layer of wave absorbing module is a lossy resonant structure.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the electromagnetic wave-absorbing structure disclosed by the invention can meet the requirements of low cost, light weight, low profile and high efficiency ultra-wideband wave absorption at 0.08-0.15 lambda0The section height of the wave absorbing material can realize high-efficiency wave absorption within 10 octaves, the absorption rate is more than 90 percent, even 99 percent, and the wave absorbing material can effectively cover 30-300MHz, 300MHz-3GHz frequency bands or ultra-wide frequency bands such as 3-30GHz, wherein lambda0The wavelength corresponding to the initial operating frequency point.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave absorption structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first layer of thin film units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second thin film unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third layer of thin film units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a fourth layer of thin film unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows | S in the frequency band of 0.25-3.5GHz in example 1 of the present invention11The | parameter is plotted along with the change of frequency, and the-10 dB reflection absorption bandwidth corresponds to 90% absorption bandwidth;
FIG. 7 shows | S in the frequency band of 1-16GHz in example 2 of the present invention11The | parameter is plotted along with the change of frequency, and the-10 dB reflection absorption bandwidth corresponds to 90% absorption bandwidth;
FIG. 8 shows | S in the frequency band of 1-40GHz in example 3 of the present invention11The | parameter is plotted as a function of frequency, with-10 dB reflected absorption bandwidth corresponding to 90% absorption bandwidth.
The floor comprises 1-third layer film units, 2-third layer foam substrates, 3-second layer film units, 4-second layer foam substrates, 5-first layer film units, 6-first layer foam substrates and 7-metal floors.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic wave absorbing structure, which meets the requirements of low cost, light weight, low profile and high efficiency ultra-wideband wave absorption at the same time.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention discloses an electromagnetic wave absorbing structure, which comprises: the wave absorbing structure comprises a metal floor and k layers of wave absorbing modules sequentially arranged on the metal floor, wherein k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the ith wave absorbing module comprises an ith foam substrate and an ith film unit, wherein the ith film unit is arranged on the ith foam substrate, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k; the ith thin film unit comprises p2X m x n resistive films, p2The XNth resistance film arrays are arranged on the ith layer of foam substrate, wherein the XNth resistance film arrays are the number of resistance films arranged in the first layer of film units, and p is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the (i + 1) th thin film unit comprises q2X m x n resistance films, q2And x m x n resistance thin film arrays are arranged on the (i + 1) th layer of foam substrate, wherein q is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and q is greater than p.
The invention can realize the array type periodic arrangement of p on the ith layer of foam substrate2And x m x n resistance films to realize the periodic characteristics of each layer of film unit. In addition, the metal floor is sequentially provided with the plurality of wave-absorbing modules, so that the wave-absorbing modules in all layers have fractal characteristics.
The resistance films in each layer of wave-absorbing module are square and have a lossy resonance structure, and the physical size of the resistance films directly determines the resonance frequency point. In addition, each layer of wave-absorbing module is arranged into a square structure, which is beneficial to realizing horizontal polarization insensitivity of the wave-absorbing material. In addition, the resistance thin film in each layer of wave-absorbing module can also be an effective resonance structure such as a circle, a polygon and the like.
The foam substrates of the invention are made of foam or polymethacrylimide foam, and the dielectric constant of the foam substrates is close to that of air.
The resistance film in the invention is made of a lossy material with specific sheet resistance, and can be a film-shaped material which provides specific conductivity or specific sheet resistance, such as ITO, carbon black slurry, a graphene film and the like. The film units of different layers are made of the lossy materials with different sheet resistances, and the sheet resistance value of the wave absorbing layer which is closer to the free space is larger and is close to the characteristic impedance 377ohm/sq of air.
As shown in fig. 1, when k is 3, the electromagnetic wave absorbing structure of the present invention includes: the wave absorbing structure comprises a metal floor 7, and a first layer of wave absorbing module, a second layer of wave absorbing module and a third layer of wave absorbing module which are sequentially arranged on the metal floor 7; the first layer of wave absorbing module comprises a first layer of foam substrate 6 and a first layer of film unit 5, wherein the first layer of film unit 5 is arranged on the first layer of foam substrate 6; the second layer of wave absorbing module comprises a second layer of foam substrate 4 and a second layer of film unit 3, and the second layer of film unit 3 is arranged on the second layer of foam substrate 4; the third layer of wave-absorbing module comprises a third layer of foam substrate 2 and a third layer of film unit 1, and the third layer of film unit 1 is arranged on the third layer of foam substrate 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the first layer film unit 5 includes 1 resistive film, and the array is disposed on the first layer foam substrate.
As shown in fig. 3, the second layer film unit 3 includes 4 resistive films, and the array is disposed on the second layer foam substrate.
As shown in fig. 4, the third layer of film units 1 includes 9 or 16 resistive films, and the array is disposed on the third layer of foam substrate, so for the electromagnetic wave-absorbing structure with three layers of film units, the number of the resistive films periodically disposed in the three layers of film units is sequentially 1: 4: 9 or 1: 4: and 16, in the two combination methods, the sizes of the uppermost structures which are equally divided by 9 or 16 are close, and the working frequency points are close.
When k is 4, the electromagnetic wave absorbing structure further comprises: a fourth layer of wave-absorbing module, wherein when the third layer of thin film unit 1 adopts the 9 resistance mode designs in fig. 4, the 16 resistance mode arrays in fig. 5 can be designed as a fourth layer of thin film unit; when the third layer film unit 1 adopts 16 resistance mould designs in fig. 5, the fourth layer film unit adopts 25 resistance mould arrays to be arranged on the fifth layer foam substrate.
As shown in fig. 2-4, W1, W2, W3 and W4 are lengths of the first layer film unit, the second layer film unit, the third layer film unit and the fourth layer film unit, respectively, g1, g2, g3 and g4 are distances from boundaries of the resistive films of the layers to boundaries of the foam substrates of the layers, h1, h2 and h3 are thicknesses of the foam substrates of the layers, g2_1 is a row or column spacing between 4 film units of the second layer, g3_1 and g3_2 are row or column spacings between 9 film units of the third layer, and g4_1, g4_2 and g4_3 are row or column spacings between 16 films of the fourth layer, row-column spacings of the layers are suggested to be the same, and the parameters in the following figures are not repeated.
Example 1:
when the three-layer film unit is as follows: 22：32When the resistance film is provided, the specific dimensional parameters are (s unit: mm): W1-W2-W3-250 mm, g 1-g 2-g 3-14 mm, g1_ 1-g 2_ 1-g 2_ 2-g 3_ 1-g 3_ 2-g 3_ 3-28 mm, and h 1-h 2-h 3-40 mm. The sheet resistance s1 of the first layer film unit is 90ohm/sq, the sheet resistance s2 of the second layer film unit is 210ohm/sq, and the sheet resistance s3 of the third layer film unit is 255 ohm/sq. In the case of a normal incidence TE or TM wave, this example has the wave-absorbing properties as shown in fig. 7. Has a reflection coefficient of-10 dB or less in the whole frequency band of 0.3-3GHz, wherein the reflection coefficient of-15 dB or less in the whole frequency band of 0.4-2GHz, and has a cross-sectional height of 0.12 lambda0。
Example 2:
when the three-layer film unit is as follows: 22：32When the resistance film is provided, the specific dimensional parameters are (s unit: mm): W1-W2-W3-80 mm, g 1-g 3-3 mm, g1_ 1-g 2_ 1-g 2_ 2-6 mm, and h 1-h 2-h 3-8 mm. The sheet resistance s1 of the first layer film unit is 120ohm/sq, the sheet resistance s2 of the second layer film unit is 190ohm/sq, and the sheet resistance s3 of the third layer film unit is 377 ohm/sq. In the case of a normal incidence TE or TM wave, this example has the wave-absorbing properties as shown in fig. 6. Has a reflection coefficient of less than-10 dB in the whole frequency band of 1.2-14GHz, and a section height of 0.1 lambda0。
Example 3:
when the four-layer film unit is as follows: 22：32:42When the resistance film is provided, the specific dimensional parameters are (s unit: mm): w1, W2, W3, W4, 25mm, g1, g2, g3, g4, 0.5mm, g1_1, g2_1, g3_1, g3_2, g4_1, g4_2, g4_3, 1mm, h1, h2, h3, h4, 4 mm. The sheet resistance s1 of the first layer film unit is 90ohm/sq, the sheet resistance s2 of the second layer film unit is 210ohm/sq, the sheet resistance s4 of the third layer film unit is 350ohm/sq, and the sheet resistance s4 of the fourth layer film unit is 377 ohm/sq. In the case of a normal incidence TE or TM wave, this example has the wave-absorbing properties as shown in fig. 8. Has a reflection coefficient of about-20 dB in the whole frequency band of 2.5-38GHz, and the section height is 0.14 lambda0。
The invention discloses an electromagnetic wave-absorbing structure which is formed by stacking wave-absorbing modules with different periodic characteristics, wherein the periodic characteristic of each layer of wave-absorbing structure has certain fractal characteristic. Different from the same wave-absorbing structure stacking in patent CN102724856A, pyramid type stacking and single-layer multi-structure nesting design disclosed in the existing documents, the invention makes more full use of space, the film units with different sizes can absorb waves in different frequency bands, and the capacitive coupling between the film units in adjacent layers and the film units in the same layer can be greatly improved by adopting the design method that each layer is of a periodic structure, so that the coupling between the film units working in different frequency bands and different sizes is realized, and the ultra-wideband wave absorption is realized under the condition of low profile. Under the condition of slightly increasing the height of the section, the absorption efficiency of the invention is improved by increasing the layer number of the wave-absorbing structure. E.g., 0.1 λ0Can realize 90% absorptivity (reflection absorption) in 10 octaves range<-10dB)，0.15λ0Can realize 99% absorptivity (reflection absorption) in 10 octaves range<-20dB)。
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electromagnetic wave absorbing structure, characterized in that, electromagnetic wave absorbing structure includes:
the wave absorbing structure comprises a metal floor and k layers of wave absorbing modules which are sequentially arranged on the metal floor, wherein k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1;
the ith wave absorbing module comprises an ith foam substrate and an ith film unit, wherein the ith film unit is arranged on the ith foam substrate, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k;
the ith thin film unit comprises p2X m x n resistive films, p2The XNth resistance film arrays are arranged on the ith layer of foam substrate, wherein the XNth resistance film arrays are the number of resistance films arranged in the first layer of film units, and p is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1;
the (i + 1) th thin film unit comprises q2X m x n resistance films, q2And x m x n resistance thin film arrays are arranged on the (i + 1) th layer of foam substrate, wherein q is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and q is greater than p.
2. The electromagnetic wave absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein when k is 3, 1 resistive thin film is disposed in the first layer thin film unit, 4 resistive thin films are disposed in the second layer thin film unit, and 9 resistive thin films are disposed in the third layer thin film unit; or 1 resistance film is arranged in the first layer film unit, 4 resistance films are arranged in the second layer film unit, and 16 resistance films are arranged in the third layer film unit.
3. The electromagnetic wave absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein when k is 4, 1 resistive thin film is disposed in the first layer thin film unit, 4 resistive thin films are disposed in the second layer thin film unit, 9 resistive thin films are disposed in the third layer thin film unit, and 16 resistive thin films are disposed in the fourth layer thin film unit; or 1 resistance film is arranged in the first layer film unit, 4 resistance films are arranged in the second layer film unit, 16 resistance films are arranged in the third layer film unit, and 25 resistance films are arranged in the fourth layer film unit.
4. An electromagnetic wave absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein sheet resistances of the film elements of the respective layers are different.
5. The electromagnetic wave absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein each layer of wave absorbing modules is square.
6. The electromagnetic wave absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein the foam substrate of each layer is made of foam or polymethacrylimide foam.
7. The electromagnetic wave absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein the resistive film is made of ITO, carbon black paste, or graphene film.
8. The electromagnetic wave absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein each layer of wave absorbing modules is a lossy resonant structure.
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| CN202011293044.XA CN112448169A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Electromagnetic wave absorbing structure |
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| CN202011293044.XA CN112448169A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Electromagnetic wave absorbing structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113013637A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Adjustable double-layer gap type periodic wave absorbing device filled with plasma |
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| WO1994024724A1 (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1994-10-27 | Chomerics, Inc. | Broadband electromagnetic energy absorber |
| GB9613205D0 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1996-08-28 | Secr Defence | Electro-magnetic radiation isolator |
| US6225939B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2001-05-01 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Impedance sheet device |
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| CN107342462A (en) * | 2017-07-02 | 2017-11-10 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Array antenna with Stealth |
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2020
- 2020-11-18 CN CN202011293044.XA patent/CN112448169A/en active Pending
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113013637A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Adjustable double-layer gap type periodic wave absorbing device filled with plasma |
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