CN112447085A - Design method of open type radio direction finding experiment platform - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of an open type radio direction finding experiment platform, which comprises the following steps: step S1, acquisition of direction finding signal: the ADF-700 receives signals transmitted by the ground NDB station through a loop antenna and a vertical antenna to realize automatic orientation. If the experimental platform receives the NDB station signal like the ADF, there are two problems — (1) the student needs to make the antenna by oneself: tests prove that the loop antenna and the vertical antenna with the frequency range meeting the requirements are difficult to manufacture. The open radio direction finding experiment platform designed by the invention can flexibly design experiment items according to the characteristics of the experiment platform and the requirements of course teaching outline in practical teaching, teachers can design different experiment items for different teaching classes according to own teaching arrangement, and even can design experiment items with the same content but different difficulty requirements for students at different levels in the class, so that the open radio direction finding experiment platform can play a good role in difference teaching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of college electrical experiments, in particular to a design method of an open type radio direction finding experiment platform.
Background
ADFs (Automatic orientation Finder) contain two parts, an "ADF receiver" which is an onboard device and an "NDB (Non-Directional Beacon) station" which is a ground-based device. The ADF receiver receives radio wave signals of the ground NDB station, and calculates the relative azimuth angle between the aircraft nose direction and the ground NDB station, so as to calculate the aircraft heading. ADF is an important auxiliary orienting device for civil aircraft.
The ADF-700 automatic orientation machine is a receiver of a Coriolis (Collins)700 automatic orientation system, adopts a combined annular/vertical antenna and a digital processing technology, and has higher precision and reliability. The whole machine comprises a tuner A1, a frequency synthesizer A2, a backboard A3, and an input/output (I/O) interfacePort a4, processor a5, preprocessor a6, interconnect circuit a7, and power supply A8. The working frequency is 190-. When receiving incoming wave signals, the two loop antennas (sine antenna and cosine antenna) are orthogonally arranged, and the amplitudes of induced voltages generated on the two antennas are related to the included angle between the antennas and the incoming wave direction and have a phase difference of 90 degrees. Setting the amplitude of the signal voltage to be A, the relative azimuth angle between the airplane and the ground radio station to be theta, and the carrier angular frequency of the received ground radio station signal to be omegacThen sine antenna induction signal V1＝Asinθcosωct, cosine antenna induction signal V2＝Acosθcosωct, thus, the relative azimuth angle θ of the aircraft and the ground station is converted into the modulation factor of the sine-cosine antenna signal. At this time, if the sine and cosine antenna signals are directly superposed and resolved, the relative azimuth angle θ can be resolved, but since the directional patterns of the sine and cosine antenna are all in a shape of "8", the resolved result may generate a 180 ° directional error. Therefore, in ADF-700, two antenna signals are sent to the balanced modulator separately, and are subjected to low frequency (in ADF-700, ω)m96Hz) sine and cosine signals, then synthesizing two paths of signals to synthesize a signal V5＝Acosωctcos(ωmt-theta) so that the relative azimuth angle theta of the aircraft and ground station is converted into the phase angle of the composite signal. The signal is compared with a vertical antenna signal V with a phase shift of 90 DEG7＝Bcosωct is superposed, and then audio signals and azimuth signals with 180-degree orientation errors eliminated can be obtained through coherent detection, processor resolving and phase discrimination. The audio output is sent to the power amplifier and then to the sound output, the phase discriminator output is sent to the processor, and the azimuth angle theta is calculated-1(V12/V11) And then applied to the azimuth indicating system via an ARINC429 bus.
At present, the following problems often exist in the teaching of electrical basic experiments in colleges and universities:
(1) the number of verification experiments is large, and the number of designability and comprehensive experiments is small. The purpose of the verification experiment is to standardize the experiment operation of students and deepen the understanding of the experiment principle; the design experiment requires students to complete the design of functional circuits by using students, and the knowledge application capability is improved; the comprehensive experiment integrates a plurality of knowledge points, and examines the ability of students to comprehensively utilize the professional institute to solve the actual problem. At present, most of the teaching of electrical basic experiments in colleges and universities have the problems of more verification experiments and less design and comprehensive experiments. Taking the teaching material 'circuit analysis basic experiment' of civil aviation university as an example, 20 times in total, seven experimental projects are provided, wherein one experimental project is a design experiment, and the rest are all verification experiments. The experimental project settings of analog circuit, digital circuit and high-frequency electronic circuit courses are different from the experimental project settings of analog circuit, digital circuit and high-frequency electronic circuit courses. Compared with designability and comprehensive experiments, the content of thinking of students in brain is much less in a verification experiment, even under the influence of the thought to be tried, a part of students can still obtain correct experiment results without understanding the experiment principle, and the experiment teaching target cannot be achieved.
(2) The experimental contents are boring and tasteless, and students are not interested. In the verification experiment, the experiment principle to be verified is given, the experiment content and the experiment steps are fixed, and therefore the fact that students must complete experiment operation as required under a fixed frame is determined, and experiment data are recorded. The confirmatory experimental results are only a correct and a wrong score, and the student knows what the correct results should be before the experiment. If such experiments are too many, the students will inevitably feel boring and tasteless and lose the interest of the experiments over time.
(3) The comprehensive application of multi-course knowledge is hardly reflected. The current experimental project setting is that one experimental project relates to knowledge points in a course (such as kirchhoff law verification, thevenin theorem verification, series resonance phenomenon research and the like), the intersection of the knowledge points among a plurality of experimental projects in the same course is little, and the intersection and comprehensive application of the knowledge points among a plurality of courses cannot be mentioned. In the actual work after the graduation of students, the problems faced by the students, such as design, research and development or maintenance and repair, are necessarily comprehensive and are not solved by course knowledge of circuits, analog electricity, digital electricity, high frequency, single-chip microcomputer and the like. Just for this ability to solve the actual engineering problem with the comprehensive application of multi-course knowledge, students are not fully exercised during school.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the experimental teaching, the application document provides a thought of combining the electric professional basic experiment with the civil aviation airborne equipment, namely designing and developing an open type radio direction finding experimental platform based on a Coriolis ADF-700 type automatic orientation machine, and supporting different types of electric basic experiment projects of multiple courses for students.
The present invention is directed to a design method of an open radio direction finding experimental platform, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a design method of an open type radio direction finding experiment platform comprises the following steps:
step S1, acquisition of direction finding signal: for an ADF receiver, the relative azimuth angle between an airplane and a ground NDB station is set to be theta, the signal voltage amplitude of a ground radio station is set to be A, and the carrier angular frequency is set to be omegacThen sine antenna induction signal V1＝Asinθcosωct, cosine antenna induction signal V2＝Acosθcosωct, vertical antenna induced signal V7＝Bcosωct；
Step S2, reception of direction-finding signal: the direction-identifying signal receiving module is used for carrying out amplification, frequency mixing, phase shifting, superposition and other processing on signals of the annular antenna and the vertical antenna, and finally outputting a signal V8 to the tuner;
step S3, tuner design: the ADF-700 tuner adopts the technology of 'superheterodyne' and 'second mixing' — firstly, an input signal is up-converted to 15MHz, and after intermediate frequency amplification and filtering, the second frequency conversion is carried out to 3.6MHz, and then the detection processing is carried out;
step S4, frequency synthesizer design: the ADF-700 frequency synthesizer adopts a 'phase-locked frequency synthesis technology' -a frequency selecting knob controls a frequency divider to divide the oscillation frequency of a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the output of the frequency divider is locked on a reference frequency through a phase-locked loop so as to indirectly control the frequency output of the voltage-controlled oscillator;
step S5, design of orientation indicator: the azimuth indicator of the experimental platform outputs phase discrimination to a detector in a tuner, the phase discrimination output is sent to a single chip microcomputer after analog-to-digital conversion, and the relative direction is indicated through a liquid crystal screen or a motor after processing;
step S6, power module design: the power supply module converts external 220V alternating current into a direct current power supply required by the experiment platform;
step S7, circuit switching device design: four fixing holes are arranged around each module of the experiment platform and used for fixing a circuit board independently designed by students, two ends of each module lead out input and output terminals to form ports, a double-pole double-throw three-gear switch is installed beside each port, the input and output terminals of the student circuit board are fixed behind the experiment platform, and the switch selects a reference circuit to gate a functional circuit of the experiment platform, or gate a functional circuit designed by a user, or suspend in the air;
step S8, designing the layout of the experimental platform: the reference circuit is divided into six parts of direction-finding signal acquisition, direction-finding signal reception, a tuner, a frequency synthesizer, an azimuth indicator and a direct-current power supply, and each part can be divided into a plurality of sub-modules according to the circuit function.
Preferably, the experimental platform first intermediate frequency and the second intermediate frequency in step S3 use 10.7MHz and 455KHz commonly used for civil receivers.
Preferably, the single chip microcomputer in the step S5 is an STM32 single chip microcomputer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the open radio direction finding experimental platform designed by the open radio direction finding experimental platform design method is composed of a reference circuit and an open design. The reference circuit comprises all circuit modules of 'fixed loop antenna automatic orientation without a goniometer', and can demonstrate 'radio direction finding' process; the open design part supports students to adjust circuit parameters on the basis of a reference circuit and is connected with an independently designed circuit function module to realize radio direction finding. Basic experiments and professional characteristics are well combined, experimental projects of different types and different difficulty levels are supported, learning interest of students is effectively stimulated, and application capability of professional knowledge is improved;
2. the experimental platform supports verification, design and comprehensive experimental projects of a plurality of courses such as circuit analysis foundation, analog electronic technology, digital electronic technology, high-frequency electronic circuit, practice course and the like. In actual teaching, experimental projects can be flexibly designed according to the characteristics of an experimental platform and by combining the requirements of the course teaching outline. The teacher can design different experimental projects for different teaching classes according to own teaching arrangement, and even can design the experimental projects with the same content but different difficulty requirements for students of different levels in the class, so that the teacher can play a good role of 'difference teaching', namely giving full honor to the basis of each student, and providing sufficient space for the development of each student.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an ADF-700 automatic orienter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the generation of a direction-finding signal in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit switching device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of an open radio direction-finding experimental platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a design flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a design method of an open type radio direction finding experiment platform comprises the following steps:
step S1, acquisition of direction finding signal: the ADF-700 receives signals transmitted by the ground NDB station through a loop antenna and a vertical antenna to realize automatic orientation. If the experimental platform receives the NDB station signal like the ADF, there are two problems — (1) the student needs to make the antenna by oneself: tests prove that the annular antenna and the vertical antenna with the frequency ranges meeting the requirements are difficult to self-control, the effect is not ideal enough even if the self-control is successful, and the design and the manufacture of the antenna are not in the investigation range by referring to the basic experiment teaching outline; (2) the direction finding accuracy is difficult to judge: as an experimental platform, the accuracy and the error of radio direction finding must be judged by referring to a standard. If the ground NDB station signal is received, only the direction finding result or theoretical measurement result of a real ADF receiver can be used as a standard, and in experimental teaching, the method is unrealistic or very tedious.
Comprehensively considering, determining that the experimental platform does not receive the ground NDB station signal, and acquiring the direction-identifying signal (the schematic block diagram is shown in figure 2) in the following way
The principle analysis shows that for the ADF receiver, the relative azimuth angle between the airplane and the ground NDB station is theta, the signal voltage amplitude of the ground radio station is A, and the carrier angular frequency is omegacThen sine antenna induction signal V1＝Asinθcosωct, cosine antenna induction signal V2＝Acosθcosωct, vertical antenna induced signal V7＝Bcosωct. If these three signals are directly generated and sent to the signal input ends of the sine antenna, the cosine antenna and the vertical antenna, the signal receiving function of the antenna can be replaced. A function signal generator module is designed, and inputs are a relative azimuth angle theta, a signal amplitude A and an angular frequency omegacAdjustable and three-way signal output V1、V2And V7。
The relative azimuth angle theta is the input quantity of the module and the input quantity of the whole experimental platform. After the students measure the azimuth angle on the experimental platform, the students can directly compare the azimuth angle with the input signal to determine the direction-finding precision, so that the experimental result can be conveniently judged. Therefore, the 'antenna design' exceeding the requirement of the teaching outline can be converted into the 'function signal generator design' meeting the requirement of the teaching outline, the complexity of the system is effectively reduced, errors and interference possibly brought by antenna receiving are avoided, and the usability and the reliability of the system are improved;
step S2, reception of direction-finding signal: the reception module amplifies, mixes, shifts, and superimposes signals from the loop antenna and the vertical antenna, and finally outputs a signal V8 to the tuner, as shown in fig. 1. After the processing, the relative azimuth angle is transferred to the phase of the signal, and the problem of 180-degree orientation error caused by only using the loop antenna for orientation is solved. The direction-identifying signal receiving module is composed of a plurality of sub-modules such as a balance modulator, an adder, a high-frequency small signal amplifier, a phase shifter and the like, and each module is in a knowledge range required to be mastered by a teaching outline and is suitable for students to design and manufacture;
step S3, tuner design: in order to improve the gain and enhance the anti-interference capability, the ADF-700 tuner adopts the technology of superheterodyne and quadratic mixing, namely firstly up-converting an input signal to 15MHz, carrying out intermediate frequency amplification and filtering, then carrying out quadratic conversion to 3.6MHz, and then carrying out detection processing. Investigations have shown that 15MHz if amplifiers have no civil components available, and that the components are self-made unsuitable for most students. Comprehensively considering, the first intermediate frequency and the second intermediate frequency of the experimental platform adopt 10.7MHz and 455KHz commonly used by a civil receiver, the two frequency points have civil intermediate frequency amplifiers with high cost performance, and a large number of reference circuits and applicable elements can provide abundant data for teaching;
step S4, frequency synthesizer design: the ADF-700 frequency synthesizer adopts a 'phase-locked frequency synthesis technology' -a frequency selecting knob controls a frequency divider to divide the oscillation frequency of a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the output of the frequency divider is locked on a reference frequency through a phase-locked loop so as to indirectly control the frequency output of the voltage-controlled oscillator. The technology originated in the 50's of the 20 th century, and compared with the earlier analog frequency synthesis technology, the technology has good selectivity and is easy to control. In the 20 th century and the 70 th era, direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology appeared, the frequency resolution is higher, the response speed is faster, and most of frequency synthesizers adopt digital frequency synthesis at present. However, in consideration of the teaching principle of the experimental platform, the experimental platform reference circuit continues to use the phase-locked frequency synthesis technology consistent with ADF-700, but encourages students to manufacture own frequency synthesis modules by using the DDS technology and access the experimental platform to complete direction finding;
step S5, design of orientation indicator: the azimuth indicator of the experimental platform outputs phase discrimination to a detector in a tuner, the phase discrimination output is sent to an STM32 single chip microcomputer after analog-to-digital conversion, and the relative direction is indicated through a liquid crystal screen or a motor after processing;
step S6, power module design: the power supply module converts external 220V alternating current into a direct current power supply required by the experimental platform, not only can meet the power supply requirement of a reference circuit, but also provides common power supply output terminals such as common terminals (COM), + -3.3V, + -5V, + -12V, 24V and the like, and is convenient for students to independently design modules for use;
step S7, circuit switching device design: due to the 'openness' design requirement, each functional module in the experiment platform reference circuit supports the student to access into the independently designed circuit to replace the corresponding module in the original reference circuit. The method firstly requires the reference circuit to be wired and typeset according to 'circuit modules', and secondly, the circuit modules designed by students can be conveniently connected with the front circuit module and the rear circuit module in the reference circuit, so as to achieve the purpose of verifying the functions of the modules. To realize this function, a circuit switching device needs to be designed
Four fixing holes are formed around each module of the experiment platform and used for fixing a circuit board which is independently designed by students. The input and output terminals are led out from two ends of each module to form a port. A double-pole double-throw three-gear switch is arranged beside each port, the input and output terminals of the student circuit board are fixed behind the experiment platform, the switch selects a functional circuit of the experiment platform in the reference circuit, or selects a functional circuit designed by a user, or is suspended, and the schematic diagram of the device is shown in fig. 3;
step S8, designing the layout of the experimental platform: in consideration of the requirement of 'openness', in order to realize replacement of circuit modules, a reference circuit of the experiment platform is designed in a modularized mode and is arranged in a modularized mode. As mentioned above, the reference circuit is divided into six parts of direction-identifying signal acquisition, direction-identifying signal receiving, a tuner, a frequency synthesizer, an azimuth indicator and a direct current power supply, each part can be divided into a plurality of sub-modules according to circuit functions, each sub-module can be replaced by a circuit switching device through modular layout, in order to ensure signal stability, the reference circuit is printed on a whole circuit board, and the wiring is typeset and wired in different areas, so that the reference circuit is clear and easy to read, safe and easy to use. The layout of each module of the experimental platform is shown in figure 4.
The following table is an exemplary experimental project designed for each course based on the experimental platform and combined with an experimental teaching outline of a college and university. All experimental items have verified feasibility during the experimental testing phase. It can be seen that the design and comprehensive experimental projects tightly surround the teaching outline, and the number is obviously increased
Table 1 experimental item list supported by experimental platform
The open radio direction finding experimental platform designed by the open radio direction finding experimental platform design method follows the basic principle of ADF-700 receiver 'goniometer-free fixed loop antenna automatic orientation', and consists of a 'reference circuit' and an 'open design'. The reference circuit comprises all circuit modules of 'fixed loop antenna automatic orientation without a goniometer', and can demonstrate 'radio direction finding' process; the open design part supports students to adjust circuit parameters on the basis of a reference circuit and is connected with an independently designed circuit function module to realize radio direction finding. The basic experiment and the professional characteristics are well combined, experimental projects of different types and different difficulty levels are supported, the learning interest of students is effectively stimulated, and the application capability of professional knowledge is improved.
The platform integrates most professional courses of electric professions, takes 'radio direction finding' as a main line, easily realizes the development of verification experiments, in-class design experiments and cross-course comprehensive experiments, can design experiment items with difficulty and comprehensive levels according to course arrangement, guides students from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep and gradually improves experimental practice capability, teachers can flexibly design experiment items with the same content and different difficulties according to personal teaching plans, adapts to students with different levels of levels, easily realizes 'difference teaching', and at the beginning of professional learning of students, teachers can complete professional learning with definite targets through explanation of module circuit design and introduction of system function composition to cultivate engineering thinking of the students, students can timely 'use by learning', fundamentally get through barriers between 'theory' and 'practice', all experimental items are summarized as the implementation of "radio direction finding". In four years of university, different experiment courses and different experiment projects are developed aiming at the same equipment in different links and different angles, and the same experiment target, namely the anatomical learning mode, can enable students to fully understand the principle of the equipment, develop good habits of deeply analyzing and researching problems, and accordingly, radiation effect is formed, and interest in learned professions is stimulated.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A design method of an open type radio direction finding experiment platform is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, acquisition of direction finding signal: for the ADF receiver, the relative azimuth angle between the airplane and the ground NDB station is theta, the signal voltage amplitude of the ground radio station is A, and the carrier angular frequency is omegacThe sine antenna induction signal is V1＝Asinθcosωct, cosine antenna induced signal is V2＝Acosθcosωct, vertical antenna induced signal is V7＝Bcosωct；
Step S2, reception of direction-finding signal: the direction-identifying signal receiving module is used for amplifying, mixing, phase-shifting and superposing signals of the annular antenna and the vertical antenna, and finally outputting a signal V8 to the tuner;
step S3, tuner design: firstly, up-converting an input signal to 15MHz, carrying out intermediate frequency amplification and filtering, carrying out secondary frequency conversion to 3.6MHz, and then carrying out detection processing;
step S4, frequency synthesizer design: the frequency-selecting knob controls the frequency divider to divide the frequency of the oscillation frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the output of the frequency divider is locked on the reference frequency through the phase-locked loop;
step S5, design of orientation indicator: the azimuth indicator of the experimental platform firstly discriminates phase of the output of a detector in the tuner, the output of the phase discrimination is sent to the singlechip after analog-to-digital conversion, and the relative direction is indicated through a liquid crystal screen or a motor after the processing;
step S6, power module design: the power supply module converts external 220V alternating current into a direct current power supply required by the experiment platform;
step S7, circuit switching device design: four fixing holes are arranged around each module of the experimental platform, input and output terminals are led out from two ends of each module to form ports, and a double-pole double-throw three-gear switch is arranged beside each port;
step S8, designing the layout of the experimental platform: the reference circuit is divided into six parts of a direction-finding signal acquisition, a direction-finding signal reception, a tuner, a frequency synthesizer, an azimuth indicator, and a direct-current power supply, and each part divides sub-modules according to the circuit function.
2. The design method of the open radio direction finding experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the experimental platform first intermediate frequency and the second intermediate frequency in the step S3 adopt 10.7MHz and 455KHz commonly used by civil receivers.
3. The design method of the open radio direction finding experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the singlechip in the step S5 is an STM32 singlechip.
4. The design method of the open radio direction finding experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the experimental platform reference circuit in step S4 follows the phase-locked frequency synthesis technique consistent with ADF-700.
5. The design method of the open radio direction finding experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power supply module in step S6 converts the external 220V ac power into common terminal output terminals of ± 3.3V, ± 5V, ± 12V, 24V.
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| CN117690329A (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-03-12 | 深圳风向标教育资源股份有限公司 | Training platform for developing power battery management system and layout method thereof |
| CN117690329B (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-05-03 | 深圳风向标教育资源股份有限公司 | Training platform for developing power battery management system and layout method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210305 |