CN112444396B - Turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining performance test and comprehensive variable working condition calculation - Google Patents
Turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining performance test and comprehensive variable working condition calculation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for optimizing the sliding pressure of steam turbine includes such steps as choosing a main steam pressure as reference under a load condition of unit, performing comprehensive thermodynamic performance test, measuring the parameters of steam turbine and thermodynamic system, calculating the heat consumption rate of steam turbine, regulating the main steam pressure, calculating the high-pressure cylinder efficiency, regulating stage efficiency, first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the steam inlet flow of steam turbine driven by water pump, correcting the main steam pressure, high-pressure cylinder efficiency, regulating stage efficiency, first-stage steam extraction efficiency and steam inlet flow of steam turbine driven by water pump, calculating to obtain the corrected steam turbine heat consumption rate, and then obtaining that the lowest working condition of the heat rate of the steam turbine is the optimal working condition and the corresponding main steam pressure is the optimal main steam pressure under the load working condition. The method can accurately determine the optimal main steam pressure and the energy-saving effect, and has stronger practicability and operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of operation of steam turbines in thermal power plants, and particularly relates to a steam turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining performance tests and comprehensive variable working condition calculation.
Background
The method mainly comprises the steps of optimizing main steam pressure, when the main steam pressure changes, the influence of the change of the cycle thermal efficiency of a unit on the economy of the unit is opposite to the influence of the change of relative internal efficiency and the change of power consumption of a water supply pump, and under the same load working condition, when the main steam pressure is reduced, the cycle thermal efficiency of the unit is reduced, but at the same time, the opening of a main steam regulating valve is increased, the throttling loss of the main steam regulating valve is reduced, the relative internal efficiency of the steam turbine is increased, and the power consumption of the water supply pump is correspondingly reduced. Therefore, under the same load working condition, when the difference between the sum of the relative efficiency improvement amount of the steam turbine caused by the change of the main steam pressure and the power consumption change amount of the feed water pump and the cycle heat efficiency reduction amount of the unit is the maximum value, the corresponding main steam pressure is the most economic pressure under the load. In order to realize economic operation of the unit, the main steam pressure of the unit under different load working conditions needs to be optimized and optimized, and the main steam pressure with the best economical efficiency is found.
The traditional sliding pressure optimization method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out comparison analysis through performance tests, respectively carrying out the performance tests under different main steam pressures under the same load working condition, measuring and calculating the heat consumption rates of the steam turbines under different main steam pressures, comparing, and finding out the main steam pressure corresponding to the working condition with the lowest heat consumption rate of the steam turbines to be the optimal main steam pressure. The traditional steam turbine performance test method has the major problems that a performance test has a large error, the most accurate special instrument which is verified is adopted according to the national standard of the steam turbine performance test, the existing best test method is used, the uncertainty of the steam turbine heat consumption rate test result is not more than 0.3% (corresponding to the heat consumption value of about 21-24 kJ/(kW & h)), however, the field actual performance test is often influenced by the problems of measurement condition limitation, the unit self-unknown leakage rate and the like, and the performance test error often reaches about 0.5% (corresponding to the heat consumption value of about 35-40 kJ/(kW & h)) and is even higher. When the heat consumption rates of the steam turbines under different main steam pressures are compared, the actual deviation of the two under partial working conditions is about 20 kJ/(kW.h), and the actual deviation is smaller than the test error, so that the optimal main steam pressure cannot be accurately found by using a performance test method. Meanwhile, production managers of a power plant often pay more attention to the deviation between the heat consumption rate corresponding to the optimal main steam pressure working condition and the actual operation main steam pressure working condition of the unit, and the traditional performance test method is difficult to accurately obtain the deviation value of the heat consumption rate and the actual operation main steam pressure working condition of the unit, so that the optimization effect is difficult to evaluate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining performance test and comprehensive variable working condition calculation, which can accurately optimize the turbine sliding pressure, find out the optimal main steam pressure under each load working condition and accurately calculate the optimization effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for optimizing the sliding pressure of the steam turbine by combining the performance test with the comprehensive variable working condition calculation comprises the following steps of:
1) under a certain load working condition of the unit, selecting a certain main steam pressure as a reference working condition, carrying out a comprehensive thermal performance test on the steam turbine, measuring parameters of the steam turbine and a thermal system according to a steam turbine performance test method, and calculating the heat consumption rate and high-pressure cylinder efficiency of the steam turbine, the regulation stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the steam inlet flow of the steam turbine driven by a water supply pump;
2) keeping the generating load of the unit unchanged, adjusting the main steam pressure, respectively measuring and calculating the main steam pressure, the high-pressure cylinder efficiency, the regulating stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the steam inlet flow of a water feeding pump driven steam turbine under different main steam pressure working conditions, and correcting and calculating the main steam pressure, the high-pressure cylinder efficiency, the regulating stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the steam inlet flow of the water feeding pump driven steam turbine by using a comprehensive variable working condition calculation method of the steam turbine with the reference of the performance test reference working condition of the steam turbine to obtain the heat consumption rates of the corrected steam turbine corresponding to the different main steam pressure working conditions;
3) comparing the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine in the step 1) with the heat consumption rate of the corrected steam turbine in the step 2), wherein the lowest working condition of the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine is the optimal working condition, and the corresponding main steam pressure is the optimal main steam pressure under the load working condition.
The invention is further improved in that a certain main steam pressure is set for the actual operation of the unit before optimization.
A further improvement of the invention is that the thermodynamic system parameters include: the pressure, the temperature and the flow of the steam inlet and the steam outlet of each cylinder, the steam extraction of each stage, the steam inlet of the heater, the water drainage of the heater, the water inlet and the water outlet of the water feeding pump, the water inlet and the water outlet of the condensate pump and the steam inlet and the steam outlet of the steam turbine driven by the water feeding pump.
The invention is further improved in that the following performance indexes are also calculated in step 1): the efficiency of the middle pressure cylinder, the efficiency of the low pressure cylinder, the efficiency of each stage of steam extraction port, the pressure loss of the communicating pipe of the middle and low pressure cylinders, the pressure loss of a reheating system, the pressure loss of each stage of steam extraction and the performance of each stage of heater.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step 2), during correction calculation, the medium-pressure cylinder efficiency, the low-pressure cylinder efficiency, the steam extraction port efficiency of each stage, the pressure loss of the communicating pipe of the medium-low pressure cylinder, the pressure loss of the reheating system, the steam extraction pressure loss of each stage and the performance of the heater of each stage are kept unchanged from the reference working condition.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step 2), the adjustment interval of the main steam pressure of the subcritical unit is 1MPa, and the adjustment interval of the main steam pressure of the supercritical or super-supercritical unit is 1.5-2 MPa.
The invention is further improved in that the difference value between the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine corresponding to the actual operation design pressure of the steam turbine and the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine under the optimal working condition is used for saving energy for optimization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the key factors of the influence of the main steam pressure change of the steam turbine on the thermodynamic system of the unit under the same load working condition are mainly reflected in the main steam pressure change, the regulation stage efficiency change, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency change, the high-pressure cylinder efficiency change, the power consumption change of a water feeding pump and the steam inlet flow change of the water feeding pump driving steam turbine, at the moment, the middle pressure cylinder efficiency, the low pressure cylinder efficiency, the steam extraction port efficiency of each stage, the steam extraction pressure loss and the performances of other main and auxiliary machines are basically unchanged, the influence of other main steam pressure working conditions on the key factors is corrected and calculated by using a steam turbine comprehensive variable working condition calculation method by taking a certain main steam pressure working condition performance test as a reference, the steam turbine heat consumption rate under different main steam pressure working conditions can be obtained, and the lowest steam turbine heat consumption rate and the optimal main steam pressure can be found by comparison. The method can effectively avoid the influence of the performance test error of the steam turbine on the determination of the optimal main steam pressure, and can accurately calculate the heat consumption rate deviation amount of the steam turbine under different main steam pressures to obtain the optimal energy-saving effect. The invention combines the traditional steam turbine performance test method with the steam turbine comprehensive variable working condition calculation method, the comprehensive variable working condition calculation takes a certain main steam pressure working condition performance test as a reference, the reference working condition has corresponding errors in the absolute value of the heat consumption rate under the influence of measurement errors, unit unknown leakage rate and the like, but the errors do not influence the relative deviation when the heat consumption rates are compared under different main steam pressure working conditions; when key factors are corrected and calculated under different main steam pressure working conditions, although the accuracy of the main steam pressure, the regulation stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency, the high-pressure cylinder efficiency and the power consumption of a water supply pump are also influenced by measurement errors, compared with a traditional steam turbine performance test, the number of measurement points related to the key factors is very small, the optimized and contrasted heat consumption of the steam turbine is influenced by the relative change of the key factors, and the influence of the measurement errors and more uncertain factors on the heat consumption of the steam turbine can be effectively avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The comprehensive variable working condition calculation of the steam turbine is mainly a variable working condition correction calculation method based on a Friedel formula, can analyze and calculate the influence of the change of a certain parameter of a steam turbine thermodynamic system on the thermodynamic performance of a unit, and is commonly used for diagnosis analysis, optimization transformation analysis and the like of the steam turbine thermodynamic system.
Under a certain load working condition of the unit, selecting a certain main steam pressure (generally selecting the actual operation set pressure before the unit is optimized) as a reference working condition, carrying out a comprehensive thermal performance test on the steam turbine, measuring main parameters of the steam turbine and a thermal system according to a traditional steam turbine performance test method, wherein the main parameters comprise corresponding pressure, temperature and flow of steam inlet and exhaust of each cylinder, steam extraction of each stage, steam inlet of a heater, drainage of the heater, water inlet and outlet of a water feed pump, water inlet and outlet of a condensate pump, water inlet and outlet of the water feed pump driving the steam turbine and the like, and part of measuring points can be simplified or omitted according to the type of the unit and the installation condition of the field measuring points. Analyzing and calculating the heat consumption rate and the efficiency of a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the efficiency of a regulating stage, the efficiency of a first-stage steam extraction, the steam inlet flow of the steam turbine driven by a feed pump and other main performance indexes (other main performance indexes comprise the efficiency of a medium-pressure cylinder, the efficiency of a low-pressure cylinder, the efficiency of steam extraction openings of all stages, the pressure loss of a communicating pipe of a medium-low pressure cylinder, the pressure loss of a reheating system, the pressure loss of extracted steam of all stages, the performance of heaters of all stages and the like).
Keeping the generating load of the unit unchanged, adjusting the main steam pressure (the main steam pressure adjustment interval of a subcritical unit is about 1MPa, the main steam pressure adjustment interval of a supercritical (supercritical) unit is about 1.5-2 MPa, determining the adjustment times by combining the configuration mode of a regulating valve, the opening sequence and the allowable pressure adjustment range of the unit), respectively measuring and calculating the main steam pressure, the efficiency of a high-pressure cylinder, the efficiency of a regulating stage, the efficiency of a first-stage steam extraction and the steam inlet flow of a water supply pump driven steam turbine under different main steam pressure working conditions, and correcting and calculating the main steam pressure, the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder, the efficiency of the regulating stage, the efficiency of the first-stage steam extraction, the steam inlet flow of the water supply pump driven steam turbine and other key factors such as the main steam pressure, the efficiency of the high-pressure cylinder, the efficiency of the regulating stage, the efficiency of the first-stage steam extraction and the steam inlet flow of the water supply pump driven steam turbine by the steam pump by using the turbine performance test reference working condition as the steam test reference working condition of the turbine, wherein other main performance indexes comprise the efficiency of a medium-pressure, the efficiency of the low-pressure cylinder, the medium-pressure, the low-pressure, the steam-pressure-and-pressure-and-pressure-and-pressure-and-pressure-and-pressure-and-pressure measuring devices, The efficiency of each stage of steam extraction port, the pressure loss of a communicating pipe of the medium-low pressure cylinder, the pressure loss of a reheating system, the pressure loss of each stage of steam extraction, the performance of each stage of heater and other parameters) are considered to be kept unchanged under the same reference working condition, and the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine corresponding to different main steam pressure working conditions is obtained.
The adjustment interval of the main steam pressure is only used for reference, actually, the main steam pressure is larger than the main steam pressure, the main steam pressure can be lower than the main steam pressure, and the interval is determined according to the adjustment times after the maximum value and the minimum value are preliminarily determined by combining the configuration mode of the main steam governor.
And comparing the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine obtained by the performance test reference working condition of the steam turbine with the heat consumption rates of the corrected steam turbines corresponding to different main steam pressure working conditions, wherein the working condition with the lowest heat consumption rate of the steam turbine is the optimal working condition, and the corresponding main steam pressure is the optimal main steam pressure under the load working condition. And the difference value between the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine corresponding to the actual operation design pressure before the optimization of the steam turbine and the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine under the optimal working condition is the optimized energy-saving quantity.
Application effects
The method for optimizing the sliding pressure of the steam turbine by combining the performance test and the comprehensive variable working condition calculation solves the problems that the error of the performance test of the steam turbine is large and the optimal main steam pressure cannot be accurately found and the optimal energy saving amount cannot be accurately obtained in the traditional method. The method has clear thought, finds the key factors of the influence of the main steam pressure change on the thermal performance of the unit, can accurately find the optimal main steam pressure and can also accurately calculate the optimized energy-saving amount, and has strong practicability and strong operability.
Example analysis
Taking a 420MW load working condition of a certain 600MW supercritical unit as an example, in normal operation, in order to reduce the throttling loss of the main steam throttle, the opening degree of the main steam throttle is set to be larger, the main steam pressure is lower, and the throttle optimization analysis is carried out on the load working condition.
The main steam pressure of the power plant is set to be 15.7MPa under the load of 420MW, a comprehensive thermal performance test of the steam turbine is carried out by taking the working condition as a reference, the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine is 7796kJ/kWh, and the thermal performance indexes of high-pressure cylinder efficiency, regulation stage efficiency, first-stage steam extraction efficiency, steam inlet flow of a water supply pump driven steam turbine, other cylinder efficiency, steam extraction pressure loss, heater performance and the like are obtained.
Keeping the load of a unit to be 420MW basically unchanged, respectively adjusting the main steam pressure to 16.8MPa, 18.5MPa and 19.7MPa, respectively measuring the corresponding high-pressure cylinder efficiency, regulating stage efficiency, first-stage steam extraction efficiency and feed water pump drive steam turbine steam admission flow, keeping other performance indexes unchanged with the reference working condition, and correcting and calculating the influence of the main steam pressure, the high-pressure cylinder efficiency, the regulating stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the feed water pump drive steam turbine steam admission flow change on the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine by using a comprehensive variable working condition calculation method to obtain the corresponding heat consumption rates of the steam turbine, namely 7800kJ/kWh, 7784kJ/kWh and 7766kJ/kWh respectively, wherein the lowest heat consumption rate of the steam turbine is 7766kJ/kWh, the optimal main steam pressure is 19.7MPa, and the energy saving is realized by reducing the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine by 30kJ/kWh compared with the current operation mode after optimization.
Claims (7)
1. The method for optimizing the sliding pressure of the steam turbine by combining the performance test with the comprehensive variable working condition calculation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) under a certain load working condition of the unit, selecting a certain main steam pressure as a reference working condition, carrying out a comprehensive thermal performance test on the steam turbine, measuring parameters of the steam turbine and a thermal system according to a steam turbine performance test method, and calculating the heat consumption rate and high-pressure cylinder efficiency of the steam turbine, the regulation stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the steam inlet flow of the steam turbine driven by a water supply pump;
2) keeping the generating load of the unit unchanged, adjusting the main steam pressure, respectively measuring and calculating the main steam pressure, the high-pressure cylinder efficiency, the regulating stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the steam inlet flow of the water feeding pump driven steam turbine under different main steam pressure working conditions, and correcting and calculating the main steam pressure, the high-pressure cylinder efficiency, the regulating stage efficiency, the first-stage steam extraction efficiency and the steam inlet flow of the water feeding pump driven steam turbine by using a comprehensive variable working condition calculation method of the steam turbine with the reference working condition of the steam turbine performance test as a reference to obtain the heat consumption rates of the corrected steam turbine corresponding to different main steam pressure working conditions;
3) comparing the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine in the step 1) with the heat consumption rate of the corrected steam turbine in the step 2), wherein the lowest working condition of the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine is the optimal working condition, and the corresponding main steam pressure is the optimal main steam pressure under the load working condition.
2. The turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining performance testing and comprehensive variable working condition calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that a certain main steam pressure is set for actual operation before unit optimization.
3. The turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining performance testing and comprehensive variable condition calculation according to claim 1, wherein thermodynamic system parameters comprise: the pressure, the temperature and the flow of the steam inlet and the steam outlet of each cylinder, the steam extraction of each stage, the steam inlet of the heater, the water drainage of the heater, the water inlet and the water outlet of the water feeding pump, the water inlet and the water outlet of the condensate pump and the steam inlet and the steam outlet of the steam turbine driven by the water feeding pump.
4. The turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining performance test and comprehensive variable working condition calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that the following performance indexes are further calculated in step 1): the efficiency of the middle pressure cylinder, the efficiency of the low pressure cylinder, the efficiency of each stage of steam extraction port, the pressure loss of the communicating pipe of the middle and low pressure cylinders, the pressure loss of a reheating system, the pressure loss of each stage of steam extraction and the performance of each stage of heater.
5. The method for optimizing the sliding pressure of the steam turbine by combining the performance test with the comprehensive variable working condition calculation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), during the correction calculation, the efficiency of the intermediate pressure cylinder, the efficiency of the low pressure cylinder, the efficiency of the steam extraction port of each stage, the pressure loss of the communicating pipe of the intermediate and low pressure cylinders, the pressure loss of the reheating system, the pressure loss of the steam extraction of each stage and the performance of the heater of each stage are kept unchanged from the reference working condition.
6. The turbine sliding pressure optimization method combining the performance test and the comprehensive variable working condition calculation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the adjustment interval of the main steam pressure of the subcritical unit is 1MPa, and the adjustment interval of the main steam pressure of the supercritical or super-supercritical unit is 1.5-2 MPa.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy savings for the optimization is provided by the difference between the turbine heat rate corresponding to the actual operating design pressure of the turbine and the turbine heat rate corresponding to the optimal operating condition.
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