CN112442636A - High-strength and high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rail - Google Patents
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-strength and high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rails, which consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.42 percent of carbon; 1.5 to 1.8 percent of silicon; 0.2 to 0.4 percent of manganese; 0.15 to 0.2 percent of molybdenum; 1.1 to 1.3 percent of chromium; 0.01 to 0.015 percent of aluminum; ytterbium 0.005-0.008%; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron. The bearing steel is subjected to vacuum treatment by adopting a VD vacuum furnace, so that the gas content in the bearing steel is effectively reduced; in order to achieve higher hardness and toughness, the total content of impurity elements except carbon, silicon, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, aluminum, ytterbium, vanadium and iron is controlled to be below 0.05%, and the content of elements such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen is controlled to be below 0.0005%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rails.
Background
The bearing steel is one of the steel grades with the strictest quality requirement, the most inspection items and the largest production difficulty in all alloy steels, and is mainly used for manufacturing rolling bearings.
The bearing steel mainly used for bearing manufacture in China mainly comprises high-carbon chromium bearing steel such as: g8Cr15, GCr15, GCr15SiMn, GCr18Mo, etc.; medium carbon alloy bearing steels such as: 50CrVA, 55SiMo, 55SiMoV, etc.; carburized bearing steels such as: g20CrNiMoA, G20Cr2Ni4A, and the like. In the using process, the high-carbon chromium bearing steel is easy to crack and lose efficacy when used in a high-speed impact load environment, so that the service life is short; the medium-carbon or carburized bearing steel can avoid cracking failure, but is easy to deform and clamp in the using process to cause operation failure or poor wear resistance, and the service life is not long; in addition, the medium carbon and carburized bearing steel must be carburized or carbonitrided in order to ensure the wear resistance, so that the production period is long and the manufacturing cost is greatly increased.
In order to improve the service conditions of long service life, high rotating speed, impact resistance, alternating load resistance and the like of bearings such as high-speed air-conditioning compressor bearings, automobile gearbox bearings, vibrating screen bearings, high-speed precision machine tool spindle bearings, automobile gearbox bearings, new energy automobiles and various high-speed pumps, the team looks up a large amount of technical data, and according to the characteristics that the bearings of the high-speed air-conditioning compressor, the automobile gearbox bearings, the vibrating screen bearings, the high-speed precision machine tool spindle bearings, the automobile gearbox bearings, the new energy automobiles and various high-speed pumps are high in rotating speed, long in service life, required to bear impact load, and possible outdoor working environment and the like, the mechanical property requirements of the materials required by the bearings are provided:
the composite material has high contact fatigue strength and high compressive strength;
the anti-fatigue and anti-stripping agent has high anti-fatigue and anti-stripping properties;
the bearing has good impact toughness, and can bear impact load during working;
and good dimensional stability is achieved, and the bearing is prevented from being reduced in precision and service life due to dimensional change in the long-term use process.
According to the performance requirements of the materials, the materials which can fully meet the requirements are not found at home, the materials which can meet the requirements are found at foreign countries, but the price is very high, the material cost of the bearing ring is dozens of times or hundreds of times of the price of the original set of bearing, and in order to domesticate the bearing steel materials and reduce the cost, the invention provides the high-strength and high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rails.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides high-strength and high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rails.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rail comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.42 percent of carbon; 1.5 to 1.8 percent of silicon; 0.2 to 0.4 percent of manganese; 0.15 to 0.2 percent of molybdenum; 1.1 to 1.3 percent of chromium; 0.01 to 0.015 percent of aluminum; ytterbium 0.005-0.008%; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
Preferably, the content of each element of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in the bearing steel is less than 0.0005%.
Preferably, in the bearing steel, the total amount of impurity elements other than carbon, silicon, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, aluminum, ytterbium, vanadium and iron is less than 0.05%.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for the high-speed rail sequentially comprises the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out primary smelting of molten steel on scrap steel in an EBT type electric furnace; after the raw materials are melted, spraying coke powder for foaming slag, wherein the slagging height is 550-650mm, and timely flowing slag and supplementing 100-200kg of lime for reducing the phosphorus content during slag tapping to less than or equal to 0.01 percent; boiling the molten steel at 1590-;
secondly, slagging, deoxidizing, desulfurizing and removing impurities in an LF ladle refining furnace with the capacity matched with that of an electric furnace; simultaneously, the ferrosilicon intermediate alloy, the ferromanganese intermediate alloy, the ferromolybdenum intermediate alloy, the ferrochromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum and the ferrovanadium intermediate alloy which are calculated are sequentially added into the steel ladle, and the aluminum wire is required to be continuously added in the process; blowing argon into the steel ladle through a gas permeable brick arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle in the whole refining process to ensure that the molten steel obtains certain stirring kinetic energy to refine the molten steel, controlling the molten steel not to expose a slag surface in the argon blowing process, performing molten steel diffusion deoxidation of top slag by adopting ferrosilicon powder and carbon powder, controlling the temperature at 1500-;
step three, carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel in a VD vacuum furnace, and in the process, avoiding the molten steel from generating large boiling, keeping the vacuum degree less than or equal to 67Pa for 15-20min, and blowing argon for 20-25min to clean and strengthen the molten steel; when the vacuum on the tank side is broken to be more than 98Pa, opening a hydraulic system, lifting a vacuum cover, moving a tank cover vehicle away after the vacuum cover is lifted to the top, closing the hydraulic system, and then measuring the temperature, determining the hydrogen, taking a furnace sample and determining the oxygen; then adding rare earth element ytterbium according to calculated amount; when the temperature of the molten steel is 1280-1350 ℃, casting is started;
step four, casting, namely performing argon full-closed protection casting in the whole casting and later-stage cooling process; in the cooling process, the temperature is first cooled to 910-930 ℃, then the mold is cooled, and a heat-insulating cover is added for slow cooling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the bearing steel is subjected to vacuum treatment by adopting a VD vacuum furnace, so that the gas content in the bearing steel is effectively reduced; in order to achieve higher hardness and toughness, the total content of impurity elements except carbon, silicon, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, aluminum, ytterbium, vanadium and iron is controlled to be below 0.05%, and the content of elements such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen is controlled to be below 0.0005%. By adjusting the trace elements in the bearing steel and controlling impurities, the technical effects of high strength and high toughness are finally achieved.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rail comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the paint consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.38% of carbon; 1.65% of silicon; 0.32% of manganese; 0.17% of molybdenum; 1.25 percent of chromium; 0.012% of aluminum; ytterbium 0.007%; 0.22 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for the high-speed rail sequentially comprises the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out primary smelting of molten steel on scrap steel in an EBT type electric furnace; after the raw materials are melted, spraying coke powder to make foam slag, wherein the slagging height is 620mm, and timely flowing slag and supplementing 150kg of lime to reduce the phosphorus content during slag discharge to be less than or equal to 0.01 percent; boiling the molten steel at 1605 deg.C for 30min, degassing, and tapping in a manner of retaining steel and slag;
secondly, slagging, deoxidizing, desulfurizing and removing impurities in an LF ladle refining furnace with the capacity matched with that of an electric furnace; simultaneously, the ferrosilicon intermediate alloy, the ferromanganese intermediate alloy, the ferromolybdenum intermediate alloy, the ferrochromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum and the ferrovanadium intermediate alloy which are calculated are sequentially added into the steel ladle, and the aluminum wire is required to be continuously added in the process; blowing argon into the steel ladle through a gas permeable brick arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle in the whole refining process to ensure that the molten steel obtains certain stirring kinetic energy to refine the molten steel, controlling the molten steel not to expose a slag surface in the argon blowing process, carrying out molten steel diffusion deoxidation of top slag by adopting ferrosilicon powder and carbon powder, controlling the temperature to be 1520 ℃, and then entering a VD (vacuum distillation) process;
step three, carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel in a VD vacuum furnace, and in the process, avoiding the molten steel from generating large boiling, keeping the vacuum degree less than or equal to 67Pa for 18min, and blowing argon for 22min to clean and strengthen the molten steel; when the vacuum on the tank side is broken to be more than 98Pa, opening a hydraulic system, lifting a vacuum cover, moving a tank cover vehicle away after the vacuum cover is lifted to the top, closing the hydraulic system, and then measuring the temperature, determining the hydrogen, taking a furnace sample and determining the oxygen; then adding rare earth element ytterbium according to calculated amount; when the temperature of the molten steel is 1320 ℃, casting is started;
step four, casting, namely performing argon full-closed protection casting in the whole casting and later-stage cooling process; in the cooling process, firstly, cooling to 928 ℃ at constant temperature, then cooling in a mold, and adding a heat-insulating cover for slow cooling.
Example 2:
a high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rail comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.42% of carbon; 1.5% of silicon; 0.4 percent of manganese; 0.15 percent of molybdenum; 1.3 percent of chromium; 0.01 percent of aluminum; 0.008% of ytterbium; 0.15 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for the high-speed rail sequentially comprises the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out primary smelting of molten steel on scrap steel in an EBT type electric furnace; after the raw materials are melted, spraying coke powder to make foam slag, wherein the slagging height is 650mm, and timely flowing slag and adding 100kg lime to reduce the phosphorus content during slag discharge to be less than or equal to 0.01 percent; boiling the molten steel at 1620 ℃ for 25min, degassing, and tapping in a steel-remaining and slag-remaining mode;
secondly, slagging, deoxidizing, desulfurizing and removing impurities in an LF ladle refining furnace with the capacity matched with that of an electric furnace; simultaneously, the ferrosilicon intermediate alloy, the ferromanganese intermediate alloy, the ferromolybdenum intermediate alloy, the ferrochromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum and the ferrovanadium intermediate alloy which are calculated are sequentially added into the steel ladle, and the aluminum wire is required to be continuously added in the process; blowing argon into the steel ladle through a gas permeable brick arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle in the whole refining process to ensure that the molten steel obtains certain stirring kinetic energy to refine the molten steel, controlling the molten steel not to expose a slag surface in the argon blowing process, carrying out molten steel diffusion deoxidation of top slag by adopting ferrosilicon powder and carbon powder, controlling the temperature at 1550 ℃, and then entering a VD (vacuum distillation) process;
step three, carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel in a VD vacuum furnace, and in the process, avoiding the molten steel from generating large boiling, keeping the vacuum degree less than or equal to 67Pa for 15min, and blowing argon for 25min to clean and strengthen the molten steel; when the vacuum on the tank side is broken to be more than 98Pa, opening a hydraulic system, lifting a vacuum cover, moving a tank cover vehicle away after the vacuum cover is lifted to the top, closing the hydraulic system, and then measuring the temperature, determining the hydrogen, taking a furnace sample and determining the oxygen; then adding rare earth element ytterbium according to calculated amount; when the temperature of the molten steel is 1280 ℃, casting is started;
step four, casting, namely performing argon full-closed protection casting in the whole casting and later-stage cooling process; in the cooling process, firstly, cooling to 930 ℃ at constant temperature, then cooling in a mold, and adding a heat-insulating cover for slow cooling.
Example 3:
a high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rail comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35% of carbon; 1.8% of silicon; 0.2 percent of manganese; 0.2 percent of molybdenum; 1.1% of chromium; 0.015% of aluminum; ytterbium 0.005%; 0.25 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for the high-speed rail sequentially comprises the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out primary smelting of molten steel on scrap steel in an EBT type electric furnace; after the raw materials are melted, spraying coke powder to make foam slag, wherein the slagging height is 550mm, and timely flowing slag and supplementing 200kg of lime to reduce the phosphorus content during slag discharge to be less than or equal to 0.01 percent; boiling the molten steel at 1590 ℃ for 35min, degassing, and tapping in a steel and slag remaining mode;
secondly, slagging, deoxidizing, desulfurizing and removing impurities in an LF ladle refining furnace with the capacity matched with that of an electric furnace; simultaneously, the ferrosilicon intermediate alloy, the ferromanganese intermediate alloy, the ferromolybdenum intermediate alloy, the ferrochromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum and the ferrovanadium intermediate alloy which are calculated are sequentially added into the steel ladle, and the aluminum wire is required to be continuously added in the process; blowing argon into the steel ladle through a gas permeable brick arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle in the whole refining process to ensure that the molten steel obtains certain stirring kinetic energy to refine the molten steel, controlling the molten steel not to expose a slag surface in the argon blowing process, carrying out molten steel diffusion deoxidation of top slag by adopting ferrosilicon powder and carbon powder, controlling the temperature to be 1500 ℃, and then entering a VD (vacuum distillation) process;
step three, carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel in a VD vacuum furnace, and in the process, avoiding the molten steel from generating large boiling, keeping the vacuum degree less than or equal to 67Pa for 20min, and blowing argon for 20min to clean and strengthen the molten steel; when the vacuum on the tank side is broken to be more than 98Pa, opening a hydraulic system, lifting a vacuum cover, moving a tank cover vehicle away after the vacuum cover is lifted to the top, closing the hydraulic system, and then measuring the temperature, determining the hydrogen, taking a furnace sample and determining the oxygen; then adding rare earth element ytterbium according to calculated amount; when the temperature of the molten steel is 1350 ℃, casting is started;
step four, casting, namely performing argon full-closed protection casting in the whole casting and later-stage cooling process; in the cooling process, firstly, cooling to 910 ℃ at constant temperature, then cooling in a mold, and adding a heat-insulating cover for slow cooling.
Comparative example 1:
the rare earth element ytterbium in example 1 was removed, and the remaining proportion and preparation method were unchanged.
The mechanical properties of the bearing steel samples of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were compared and the specific test data are shown in table 1.
Table 1: mechanical property test data for the bearing steel samples of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1;
the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for the high-speed rail is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.42 percent of carbon; 1.5 to 1.8 percent of silicon; 0.2 to 0.4 percent of manganese; 0.15 to 0.2 percent of molybdenum; 1.1 to 1.3 percent of chromium; 0.01 to 0.015 percent of aluminum; ytterbium 0.005-0.008%; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
2. The high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein the contents of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in said bearing steel are all less than 0.0005%.
3. The high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of impurity elements other than carbon, silicon, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, aluminum, ytterbium, vanadium and iron is < 0.05%.
4. The high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rails according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.38% of carbon; 1.65% of silicon; 0.32% of manganese; 0.17% of molybdenum; 1.25 percent of chromium; 0.012% of aluminum; ytterbium 0.007%; 0.22 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
5. The high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rails according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.42% of carbon; 1.5% of silicon; 0.4 percent of manganese; 0.15 percent of molybdenum; 1.3 percent of chromium; 0.01 percent of aluminum; 0.008% of ytterbium; 0.15 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
6. The high-strength high-toughness bearing steel for high-speed rails according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35% of carbon; 1.8% of silicon; 0.2 percent of manganese; 0.2 percent of molybdenum; 1.1% of chromium; 0.015% of aluminum; ytterbium 0.005%; 0.25 percent of vanadium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; copper is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; arsenic is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.001 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.002%; titanium is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; less than or equal to 0.001 percent of calcium and the balance of iron.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2005139485A (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-02 | Nippon Steel Corp | Steel sheet to be hot-formed |
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| CN108220816A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 陈章华 | A kind of low chromium shock resistance high-temperature antiwear alloy steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109825762A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-31 | 浙江天马轴承集团有限公司 | A kind of high-speed high-performance bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106282825A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江天马轴承有限公司 | A kind of high-speed bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108220816A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 陈章华 | A kind of low chromium shock resistance high-temperature antiwear alloy steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109825762A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-31 | 浙江天马轴承集团有限公司 | A kind of high-speed high-performance bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
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