CN112439976A - Detection method for carrying out visual measurement by utilizing welding-like heat input and welding method - Google Patents
Detection method for carrying out visual measurement by utilizing welding-like heat input and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112439976A CN112439976A CN202011270852.4A CN202011270852A CN112439976A CN 112439976 A CN112439976 A CN 112439976A CN 202011270852 A CN202011270852 A CN 202011270852A CN 112439976 A CN112439976 A CN 112439976A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention provides a detection method and a welding method for carrying out visual measurement by utilizing welding-like heat input, wherein the welding method comprises the following steps: obtaining welding-like heat input H, and determining a corresponding fluctuation ratio delta H; and performing welding by taking the similar welding heat input as a welding speed, and visually controlling the welding speed in the range of H +/-delta H. The detection method comprises the following steps: and judging whether the actual measurement type welding heat input is in the qualified interval of the standard type welding heat input or not to evaluate whether the welding heat input is qualified or not. The steps for obtaining the class weld heat input H and the reference class weld heat input H' are as follows: determining standard length S of welding rod, and counting length R of residual welding rod in multiple qualified welding operationsiAnd the length L of the single welding rod fusion covering welding seamiWherein i is less than or equal to n and is a natural number; weld-like heat input
The inventionThe method can detect and weld through visual measurement, is simple and efficient, and can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of detection and welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding and nondestructive testing thereof, in particular to a novel shielded metal arc welding method for realizing visual measurement control by utilizing welding heat input, which can more simply and efficiently detect and evaluate a welding heat input value, and a detection method for carrying out visual measurement on shielded metal arc welding by utilizing the welding heat input.
Background
Welding heat input is a technical indicator of the welding process. Excessive heat input will increase unnecessary power consumption, and welding defects such as undercut are also easily generated. Too low heat input will also cause "lack of fusion" and other weld defects, affecting the strength of the weld, which is not allowed.
At present, the conventional welding heat input detection method needs detection personnel to record the following parameters of the whole welding process of a welding seam: welding voltage, welding current, welding time, welding length and other parameters, and then calculating by a formula to obtain welding heat input. For example: welding heat input is current voltage thermal efficiency coefficient/welding speed. The detection method has the defects of multiple required parameters, large equipment amount, and complex measurement and calculation, so that the working efficiency is low, and the welding quality is directly influenced by the problem that the measurement cannot be directly and timely carried out in normal operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, it is an object of the present invention to provide a shielded metal arc welding detection method and a welding method capable of intuitively and timely measuring at the time of normal welding work.
To achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a shielded metal arc welding method for performing visual measurement control using a welding-like heat input, the shielded metal arc welding method including the steps of: for obtaining shielded metal arc weldingA class weld heat input, H, determining a fluctuation ratio, delta H, corresponding to the class weld heat input; performing shielded metal arc welding with the welding-like heat input as a welding speed, and visually measuring to control the welding speed in a range of H ±. Δ H, wherein the step of obtaining the welding-like heat input of shielded metal arc welding is performed by the sub-steps of: determining standard length S of the welding rod according to the type of the welding rod, and counting the length R of the residual welding rod in the welding operation of the single welding rod qualified arc welding for a plurality of timesiAnd the length L of the single welding rod fusion covering welding seamiWherein i is a natural number not less than 2 and not more than n, and i and n respectively represent the number of times of operation and the total number of times in the multiple times of single-electrode qualified arc welding operation; calculating a welding-like heat input H of the shielded metal arc welding by using an equation 1, wherein the equation 1 is as follows:
in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the n may be greater than or equal to 3.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said fluctuation ratio Δ H may be 10% of the profile weld heat input H.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the arc welding operation may be root welding, bead welding, fill welding, or cap welding.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of visually measuring weld bead arc welding with weld-like heat input, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a reference class welding heat input H' of the shielded metal arc welding, and determining a fluctuation ratio delta H corresponding to the reference class welding heat input; detecting whether the shielded metal arc welding process to be detected is qualified or not according to whether actual measurement type welding heat input in the shielded metal arc welding process to be detected is controlled in a range of H' ± delta H or not, wherein the actual measurement type welding heat input is the ratio of the length which can be cladded by a consumed shielded metal and the length of the consumed shielded metal, and the step of obtaining the reference type welding heat input of the shielded metal arc welding is realized through the following substeps: determining the standard length S of the welding rod according to the type of the welding rod, and counting the qualification of a single welding rod of the type for a plurality of timesResidual wire length R in arc welding operationsiAnd the length L of the single welding rod fusion covering welding seamiWherein i is a natural number not less than 2 and not more than n, and i and n respectively represent the number of times of operation and the total number of times in the multiple times of single-electrode qualified arc welding operation; calculating a reference type welding heat input H' of the shielded metal arc welding by using an equation 2, wherein the equation 2 is as follows:
in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the n may be greater than or equal to 3.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said fluctuation ratio Δ H may be 10% of the reference profile weld heat input H'.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the arc welding operation may be root welding, bead welding, fill welding, or cap welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: on one hand, the method for welding rod arc welding realizes visual measurement control by utilizing the similar welding heat input, the method can directly realize the visual measurement control, the required parameters and equipment amount are greatly reduced, the calculation and the measurement of the similar welding heat input are simple and efficient, and the working efficiency and the welding quality are effectively improved; on the other hand, the detection method for carrying out visual measurement on the welding rod arc welding by utilizing the welding-like heat input is simple and visual, can be evaluated in real time during normal operation, effectively reduces the welding errors and improves the welding quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic flow diagram of the shielded metal arc welding method of the present invention utilizing a weld-like heat input to effect visual measurement control.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of the detection method of the present invention for visual measurement of weld bead arc welding with weld-like heat input.
Figure 3 shows a graph of specific experimental data for example 2.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the inspection method and the welding method of the present invention using visual measurement with welding-like heat input will be described in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic flow diagram of the shielded metal arc welding method of the present invention utilizing a weld-like heat input to effect visual measurement control.
As shown in FIG. 1, one aspect of the present invention provides a shielded metal arc welding method for visual measurement control using a weld-like heat input, the method comprising the steps of:
a welding-like heat input H of the shielded metal arc welding is obtained, and a fluctuation ratio (delta H) corresponding to the welding-like heat input is determined. Here, the weld-like heat input is distinguished from the conventional weld heat input, which can be used as a novel definition to measure the weld heat input. Here, the welding may be root welding, overlay welding, fill welding, or cover welding.
Performing shielded metal arc welding with the weld-like heat input as a welding speed, and visually measuring to control the welding speed in a range of H ±. Δ H. That is, the welding-like heat input is used as the standard of the welding speed to perform the operation, but the normal welding operation can be performed only by ensuring the welding speed within the range of H ±. Δ H. For example, Δ H here may be 10%.
The step of obtaining a weld-like heat input for shielded metal arc welding is achieved by the sub-steps of:
determining standard length S of the welding rod according to the type of the welding rod, and counting the length R of the residual welding rod in the welding operation of the single welding rod qualified arc welding for a plurality of timesiAnd the length L of the single welding rod fusion covering welding seamiWherein i is a natural number not less than 2 and not more than n, and i and n respectively represent the number of times of operation and the total number of times in a plurality of times of single-electrode qualified arc welding operation. Here, for a certain electrode type, the welding should have a fixed standard length S. For example, the qualified arc welding operation refers to what those skilled in the relevant art generally believe in the field of shielded metal arc welding is a qualified welding result. For example, the length of the residual electrode may be substantially the length of a single electrode after it has been substantially completely consumedThe residual length may be the length remaining after partial consumption of the electrode. For example, single electrode fusion weld length means that the length of the consumed electrode is (S-R)i) The length of the weld seam which can be clad is Li. For example, the value of n can be generally more than 3, so that the obtained data is more accurate and stable.
By using
And calculating the welding-like heat input H of the shielded metal arc welding. Here, the welding-like heat input H means the length of a weld bead that can be clad by consuming a unit length of welding rod, and is the result of averaging n times of normal acceptable welding operations. For example, the sum based on this equation is averaged and H takes a value less than 1.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of the detection method of the present invention for visual measurement of weld bead arc welding with weld-like heat input.
As shown in FIG. 2, another aspect of the present invention provides a method for visually measuring weld bead arc welding with a weld-like heat input, the method comprising the steps of:
a reference-class weld heat input H for the shielded metal arc welding is obtained, and a fluctuation ratio (delta H) corresponding to the reference-class weld heat input is determined. Here, the baseline type weld heat input is distinguished from the conventional weld heat input, which can be used as a completely new definition to measure the weld heat input. Here, the welding may be root welding, overlay welding, fill welding, or cover welding. Here, Δ H may be 10%.
And detecting whether the arc welding process of the welding rod to be detected is qualified or not according to whether the actually measured welding heat input in the arc welding process of the welding rod to be detected is controlled in the range of H' +/-delta H or not through visual measurement, wherein the actually measured welding heat input is the ratio of the length which can be clad by the consumed welding rod to the length of the consumed welding rod. Here, the actual measurement type welding heat input means a value of a length of a weld bead which can be clad by a welding rod of a unit length consumed in a single welding. That is, as long as the measured type weld heat input is within Δ H of the reference type weld heat input H', the stick welding process should be detected as acceptable.
The step of obtaining a baseline type weld heat input for shielded metal arc welding is accomplished by the sub-steps of:
determining standard length S of the welding rod according to the type of the welding rod, and counting the length R of the residual welding rod in the welding operation of the single welding rod qualified arc welding for a plurality of timesiAnd the length L of the single welding rod fusion covering welding seamiWherein i is a natural number not less than 2 and not more than n, and i and n respectively represent the number of times of operation and the total number of times in a plurality of times of single-electrode qualified arc welding operation. Here, for a certain electrode type, the welding should have a fixed standard length S. For example, the qualified arc welding operation refers to what those skilled in the relevant art generally believe in the field of shielded metal arc welding is a qualified welding result. For example, the length of the residual electrode may be the length of the residual electrode remaining after substantially complete consumption of a single electrode or the length of the residual electrode remaining after partial consumption of the electrode. For example, single electrode fusion weld length means that the length of the consumed electrode is (S-R)i) The length of the weld seam which can be clad is Li. For example, the value of n can be generally more than 3, so that the obtained data is more accurate and stable.
By using
And calculating to obtain the reference type welding heat input H' of the shielded metal arc welding. Here, the reference type welding heat input H' means a length of a weld bead which can be clad by consuming a unit length of the welding rod, and is a result of averaging n times of normal acceptable welding operations. Here, the summation based on this equation is averaged, and H' takes a value less than 1.
Example 2
Fig. 3 shows a graph of experimental data for this particular example.
As shown in fig. 3, the shielded metal arc welding method, which uses the welding-like heat input to realize the visual measurement control, simply and intuitively controls the welding operation process.
Root welding, surfacing, filling welding or cover welding is determined. Before use, it is usedThe standard length S of the model welding rod is 450mm, after 3 groups of tests, the residual length of the welding rod is R respectively after normal operation welding is finished1＝45mm、R2＝50mm、R3The length of the fusion welding seam of the welding rod is L as 55mm1＝L2＝L3200 mm. According to the formula
The weld-like heat input H was 0.5.
The fluctuation ratio is 10%, the welding-like heat input is used as the welding speed, and the normal speed interval is 0.45-0.55. This experimental data is plotted as figure 3, so the values between the upper and lower lines of the weld-like heat input line should be within the range of normal welding operation. Therefore, when the worker performs welding operation, normal welding operation can be performed only by ensuring the welding speed in the interval, and therefore the welding quality can be obviously improved.
As also shown in fig. 3, on the other hand, the detection method of visual measurement of the weld bead arc welding using the weld-like heat input detects whether the worker's work is acceptable. Root welding, surfacing, filling welding or cover welding is determined. Before use, the standard length S of the used type welding rod is 450mm, after 3 groups of tests, the residual length of the welding rod is R respectively after normal operation welding is finished1＝45mm、R2＝50mm、R3The length of the fusion welding seam of the welding rod is L as 55mm1＝L2＝L3200 mm. According to the formula
The weld-like heat input H' was found to be 0.5.
The fluctuation ratio is 10%, and the value range of the operation detected to be qualified is 0.45-0.55. In a certain operation, the length of the welding rod consumed by one worker is 300mm, the length of the welding seam clad by the length is 120mm, the actually measured welding heat input is 120/300-0.4, and obviously, the welding heat input is not in the qualified value range of 0.45-0.55, so the welding operation is unqualified.
In summary, the method of the invention has the following beneficial effects: on one hand, the method for welding rod arc welding realizes visual measurement control by utilizing the similar welding heat input, the method can directly realize the visual measurement control, the required parameters and equipment amount are greatly reduced, the calculation and the measurement of the similar welding heat input are simple and efficient, and the working efficiency and the welding quality are effectively improved; on the other hand, the detection method for carrying out visual measurement on the welding rod arc welding by utilizing the welding-like heat input is simple and visual, can be evaluated in real time during the welding operation, effectively reduces the welding errors and improves the welding quality.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A shielded metal arc welding method for performing visual measurement control using weld-like heat input, said shielded metal arc welding method comprising the steps of:
obtaining a welding-like heat input H of the shielded metal arc welding, and determining a fluctuation ratio delta H corresponding to the welding-like heat input;
performing shielded metal arc welding with said weld-like heat input as a welding speed, and visually measuring to control the welding speed in a range H ±. Δ H,
the step of obtaining a weld-like heat input for shielded metal arc welding is accomplished by the sub-steps of:
determining standard length S of the welding rod according to the type of the welding rod, and counting the length R of the residual welding rod in the welding operation of the single welding rod qualified arc welding for a plurality of timesiAnd the length L of the single welding rod fusion covering welding seamiWherein i is a natural number not less than 2 and not more than n, and i and n respectively represent the number of times of operation and the total number of times in the multiple times of single-electrode qualified arc welding operation;
the weld-like heat input H of shielded metal arc welding is calculated using equation 1,
the formula 1 is:
2. the shielded metal arc welding method with visual metrology control using weld-like heat input of claim 1 wherein n is greater than or equal to 3.
3. The shielded electrode arc welding method for visual measurement control with welding-like heat input according to claim 1, characterized in that said fluctuation ratio Δ H is 10% of the welding-like heat input H.
4. The shielded metal arc welding method of using weld-like heat input for visual metrology control as in claim 1 wherein the arc welding operation is root welding, bead welding, fill welding or cap welding.
5. A method for visually measuring weld bead arc welding with weld-like heat input, the method comprising the steps of:
obtaining a reference class welding heat input H' of the shielded metal arc welding, and determining a fluctuation ratio delta H corresponding to the reference class welding heat input;
detecting whether the welding rod to be detected is qualified or not according to whether the actually measured welding heat input in the welding rod to be detected arc welding process is controlled in the range of H' ± delta H or not, wherein the actually measured welding heat input is the ratio of the length which can be clad by the consumed welding rod to the length of the consumed welding rod,
the step of obtaining a baseline type weld heat input for shielded metal arc welding is accomplished by the sub-steps of:
determining standard length S of the welding rod according to the type of the welding rod, and counting the length R of the residual welding rod in the welding operation of the single welding rod qualified arc welding for a plurality of timesiAnd the length L of the single welding rod fusion covering welding seamiWherein i is a natural number not less than 2 and not more than n, i and n respectively represent the number of times in the multiple single-wire arc welding operationThe number of operations and total times;
calculating to obtain the reference type welding heat input H' of the shielded metal arc welding by using the formula 2,
the formula 2 is:
6. the method of claim 5, wherein n is greater than or equal to 3.
7. A method of detection of visual measurements of a welding bar arc welding with a welding-like heat input according to claim 5, characterized in that said fluctuation ratio Δ H is 10% of a reference welding-like heat input H'.
8. A method of detecting visual measurement of weld bead arc welding with weld-like heat input according to claim 5, wherein the arc welding operation is root welding, bead welding, fill welding or cap welding.
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| CN209206685U (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-08-06 | 中国核工业二三建设有限公司 | A kind of auxiliary device measuring thermal weld stress |
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Patent Citations (7)
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| JP2003071564A (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-11 | Sakaguchi Kogyo Kk | Simple welding heat input measuring device and welding machine using the welding heat input measuring device |
| WO2013113993A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-08 | Kemppi Oy | Method for adjusting the welding parameters of a welding device |
| CN103464877A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-25 | 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 | Welding-rod electric-arc welding method for welding P690QL1 and Q370R steel |
| CN205927441U (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-08 | 浙江中核设备制造有限公司 | Weld heat input measuring accessories |
| CN106735736A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-31 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of manual welding heat input determines device and method |
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