CN112439156A - Foam fire prevention and extinguishing material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Foam fire prevention and extinguishing material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112439156A CN112439156A CN202011292642.5A CN202011292642A CN112439156A CN 112439156 A CN112439156 A CN 112439156A CN 202011292642 A CN202011292642 A CN 202011292642A CN 112439156 A CN112439156 A CN 112439156A
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- Prior art keywords
- foam fire
- extinguishing material
- fire prevention
- foaming agent
- foam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/08—Rock dusting of mines; Depositing other protective substances
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire prevention and extinguishing materials, and particularly relates to a foam fire prevention and extinguishing material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a foam fire prevention and extinguishing material which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4-0.8 part of foaming agent, 0.1-0.2 part of nano metal framework material and 100 parts of water; the foaming agent is a mixture of dodecyl sodium salt and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate. The foam fire prevention and extinguishing material provided by the invention has good foamability and stability, can cover float coal in a goaf in a large area and plug coal-rock body cracks, isolates oxygen, and achieves the effects of enhancing fire prevention, heat insulation and flame retardance. The results of the embodiment show that the foaming times of the foam fire-preventing and extinguishing material provided by the invention are 9-15 times, and the half-life period is 3-4 hours.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire prevention and extinguishing materials, and particularly relates to a foam fire prevention and extinguishing material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of the main natural disasters in mine production, seriously threatens the personal safety of underground workers and causes great economic loss to the nation. The fire extinguishing technologies adopted at home and abroad at present mainly comprise preventive grouting, inert gas injection, gel injection and the like, which play an important role in guaranteeing the safety production of coal mines, but have some defects. If slurry in preventive grouting only flows to a place with low terrain, the slurry cannot cover the medium and high coal bodies; inert gas is injected, so that the air is easy to diffuse along with air leakage and is difficult to stay in a fire area; high gel injection, small flow, difficult large-area use and higher cost. In order to overcome the defects, a three-phase foam injection fire extinguishing technology is provided, the technology can well cover coal in a fire area to prevent spontaneous combustion of the coal, but the foam stabilization time of the existing three-phase foam injection foam material, such as fly ash three-phase foam or yellow mud three-phase foam, is short, the foam can be broken in 2-3 hours generally, and the water retention capacity is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a foam fire prevention and extinguishing material, which has good stability and water retention capacity, can be diffused in a large area in a goaf, can cover and plug low, medium and high float coals, and can efficiently prevent spontaneous combustion of coal in the mine goaf.
The invention provides a foam fire prevention and extinguishing material which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4-0.8 part of foaming agent, 0.1-0.2 part of nano metal framework material and 100 parts of water;
the foaming agent is a mixture of dodecyl sodium salt and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the dodecyl sodium salt to the alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate is 1: 0.6-1.5.
Preferably, the sodium dodecyl salt comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
Preferably, the average particle size of the nano metal framework material is 15-25 nm.
Preferably, the nano metal framework material comprises nano aluminum oxide or nano aluminum hydroxide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
and mixing the foaming agent, the nano metal framework material and water to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Preferably, the mixing comprises the steps of:
carrying out first mixing on a foaming agent and water to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
and carrying out second mixing on the foaming agent aqueous solution and the nano metal framework material to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Preferably, the first mixing is performed under stirring;
the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min, and the stirring time is 1-2 min.
Preferably, the second mixing is performed under stirring;
the rotating speed of the stirring is 1900-2100 r/min, and the time is 5-10 min.
The invention also provides the application of the foam fire-preventing and fire-extinguishing material in the technical scheme or the foam fire-preventing and fire-extinguishing material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in the prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine goaf.
The invention provides a foam fire prevention and extinguishing material which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4-0.8 part of foaming agent, 0.1-0.2 part of nano metal framework material and 100 parts of water; the foaming agent is a mixture of dodecyl sodium salt and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate. The invention uses the nanometer metal framework material as the foam fire-fighting material, and utilizes the nanometer metal framework material to be uniformly dispersed in the foam system to form a network framework structure on the outer wall of the foam, thereby prolonging the liquid discharge time of the foam liquid film and achieving the effect of increasing the stability of the foam; in addition, even after the foam is broken, the nano metal framework material is used as a good flame retardant material, can be uniformly attached to the surface of a coal body to block coal-rock body cracks, prevents oxygen from entering the coal body, blocks oxidation heat release of the coal, and achieves the purpose of continuously inhibiting spontaneous combustion of the coal. The invention adopts dodecyl sodium salt and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate as foaming agents, wherein the dodecyl sodium salt is taken as an anionic surfactant, the polarity head of the dodecyl sodium salt is negatively charged and can be adsorbed on the surface of a nano metal framework material with positive charge, and the nonpolar hydrocarbon chain faces outwards, so that the hydrophilicity of the nano metal framework material is weakened, the nano metal framework material is changed into surface active particles, and the surface active particles are adsorbed on a gas/liquid interface to play roles in foaming and stabilizing foam; when water is hard water, the alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and part of calcium ions and magnesium ions in the hard water form metastable micelles, and the residual calcium ions and magnesium ions in the hard water are gathered around the micelles, so that the influence of the calcium ions and the magnesium ions on the foaming performance is avoided, and the foaming performance and the foam stabilizing performance of the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material are improved. The foam fire-fighting material provided by the invention has better foam stabilizing performance under the combined action of the foaming agent and the nano metal framework material, so that the foam fire-fighting material has better water retention capacity and is beneficial to efficient fire prevention and extinguishing. The results of the embodiment show that the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material provided by the invention has a foaming multiple of 9-15 times and a half-life period of 3-4 hours, and has good foamability and stability.
After the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material is conveyed to a fire point of a goaf through a mine grouting pipeline, large-area goaf float coal can be covered and coal and rock body cracks can be plugged, and the good fire resistance and plugging property of the nanometer metal framework material are utilized to isolate oxygen, so that the effects of fire prevention, heat insulation and flame retardance are enhanced.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the foaming agent, the nano metal framework material and water to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, has low requirements on industrial conditions, and is beneficial to industrial production.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a foam fire prevention and extinguishing material which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4-0.8 part of foaming agent, 0.1-0.2 part of nano metal framework material and 100 parts of water;
the foaming agent is a mixture of dodecyl sodium salt and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate.
In the present invention, all the raw materials are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The foam fire prevention and extinguishing material provided by the invention comprises 100 parts of water, the type of the water is not particularly limited, and in the embodiment of the invention, underground water is specifically adopted, and the underground water is hard water.
Based on the mass part of the water, the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material provided by the invention comprises 0.4-0.8 part of foaming agent, preferably 0.5-0.7 part, and more preferably 0.6 part; the foaming agent is a mixture of dodecyl sodium salt and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate. In the present invention, the sodium dodecyl salt preferably includes sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. In the invention, the mass ratio of the dodecyl sodium salt to the alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate is preferably 1: 0.6-1.5, and more preferably 1: 1.
In the invention, the dodecyl sodium salt is used as an anionic surfactant, the polarity head of the dodecyl sodium salt is negatively charged, the dodecyl sodium salt can be adsorbed on the surface of a nano metal framework material with positive charge (the nano metal framework material can adsorb cations in a solution and is positively charged), and a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain faces outwards, so that the hydrophilicity of the nano metal framework material is weakened, the nano metal framework material is changed into surface active particles, and the surface active particles are adsorbed on a gas/liquid interface, and the foaming and foam stabilizing effects are achieved. In the invention, the alpha-sodium olefin sulfonate and part of calcium ions and magnesium ions in hard water form metastable micelles, and the residual calcium ions and magnesium ions in hard water are gathered around the micelles, so that the influence of the calcium ions and the magnesium ions on the foaming performance of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material is avoided, the foaming and foam stabilizing performance and the hard water resistance (salt tolerance) of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material are improved, the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material forms uniform and fine foam, and the fire extinguishing performance of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material is favorably improved.
Based on the mass part of the water, the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material provided by the invention comprises 0.1-0.2 part of nano metal framework material, and preferably 0.15 part. In the invention, the average particle size of the nano metal framework material is preferably 15-25 nm, and more preferably 18-20 nm. The nano metal framework material preferably comprises nano aluminum oxide or nano aluminum hydroxide. In the invention, the particle size of the nano metal framework material is larger, and the nano metal framework material is not easy to be adsorbed on a gas/liquid interface and is not beneficial to forming uniform and fine foam; even if the nano metal framework material with larger grain diameter is adsorbed on the gas/liquid interface, the nano metal framework material is easy to fall off, because the nano metal framework material with larger grain diameter has larger gravity, the bearing capacity of the bubbles is exceeded, the bubbles are easy to break, and the stability of the foam is not facilitated. The particle size of the nano metal framework material can influence the foaming property of the foam fire-fighting material, and simultaneously can reduce the stability and the water retention capacity of the foam.
In the invention, when the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material covers the surface of coal or the cracks of the coal-rock mass, the nano metal framework material is uniformly dispersed in the foam system and filled in the gaps of the foam liquid film, so that the stability of foam is increased, even if the foam breaks down the nano metal framework material as a good flame retardant material, the nano metal framework material can be uniformly attached to the surface of the coal-fire coal rock mass, oxygen is isolated from entering the coal mass, the oxidation and heat release of coal are blocked, and the effect of continuously inhibiting the spontaneous combustion of coal is achieved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
and mixing the foaming agent, the nano metal framework material and water to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
In the present invention, the mixing is preferably performed according to the following steps:
carrying out first mixing on a foaming agent and water to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
and carrying out second mixing on the foaming agent aqueous solution and the nano metal framework material to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
According to the invention, a foaming agent and water are subjected to first mixing to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution. In the invention, the first mixing is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 100-200 r/min, more preferably 130-150 r/min, and the stirring time is preferably 1-2 min, more preferably 1.3-1.5 min.
After the foaming agent aqueous solution is obtained, the foaming agent aqueous solution and the nano metal framework material are subjected to second mixing to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material. In the invention, the second mixing is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 1900-2100 r/min, more preferably 2000-2050 r/min, and the stirring time is preferably 5-10 min, more preferably 6-8 min.
In the invention, the nano metal framework material and the dodecyl sodium salt in the foaming agent have electrostatic attraction effect in the second mixing process, so that the nano metal framework material becomes surface active particles and is adsorbed on a gas/liquid interface to play the roles of foaming and stabilizing bubbles.
Through the step-by-step mixing, the nano metal framework material can be fully absorbed in the foam liquid film, the effect of uniform distribution is achieved, the nano metal framework material is prevented from precipitating, and the foamability and the stability of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material are further improved.
The invention also provides the application of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material in the technical scheme or the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in the prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine goaf.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Stirring 0.2kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.2kg of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 100kg of underground water at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 1min to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
0.1kg of nano alumina with the average particle size of 18nm and the foaming agent aqueous solution are stirred for 6min at the rotating speed of 1900r/min to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Example 2
Stirring 0.3kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.3kg of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 100kg of underground water at the rotating speed of 150r/min for 1.5min to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
0.15kg of nano aluminum hydroxide with the average particle size of 20nm and the foaming agent aqueous solution are stirred for 8min at the rotating speed of 2000r/min to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Example 3
Stirring 0.4kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.4kg of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 100kg of underground water at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 1min to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
0.2kg of nano alumina with the average particle size of 25nm and the foaming agent aqueous solution are stirred for 10min at the rotating speed of 2100r/min to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Comparative example 1
0.3kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.3kg of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 100kg of underground water are stirred for 8min at the rotating speed of 2000r/min to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Comparative example 2
Stirring 0.6kg of polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether and 100kg of underground water at the rotating speed of 150r/min for 1.5min to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
0.2kg of nano alumina with the average particle size of 20nm and the foaming agent aqueous solution are stirred for 10min at the rotating speed of 2000r/min to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Comparative example 3
Stirring 0.6kg of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 100kg of underground water at the rotating speed of 150r/min for 2min to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
0.2kg of nano aluminum hydroxide with the average particle size of 20nm and the foaming agent aqueous solution are stirred for 8min at the rotating speed of 2000r/min to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Detecting the foaming times and half-lives of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing materials prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 according to GB 27897-2001; testing the viscosity values of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing materials prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 by using a viscometer; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance data of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Examples | Multiple of foaming (times) | Half-life period (min) | Viscosity number under flow (mPa. s) |
| Example 1 | 9 | 188 | 597 |
| Example 2 | 15 | 235 | 654 |
| Example 3 | 15 | 193 | 693 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8 | 50 | 320 |
| Comparative example 2 | 5 | 120 | 536 |
| Comparative example 3 | 6 | 85 | 561 |
The results in Table 1 show that the foam materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 have low expansion ratio and short half-life period, and the foam fire-extinguishing material prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the invention has high expansion ratio of 9 to 15 times and good foaming performance; meanwhile, the half-life period of the foam generated by the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material prepared in the embodiment 1-3 is more than 188min, which shows that the foam has good stability and thus has good water retention capacity; the viscosity of the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material prepared in examples 1 to 3 was 597 to 693mpa · s in a flowing state, and the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material had good flowing diffusibility.
When the newly-collected second-ore 111300 fully mechanized caving face is pushed for 70m, the thickness of a coal bed at the upper part of the face is changed, a large amount of coal remains in a goaf, the pushing speed of the face is low, CO appears at corners in 2018, 9, 15 and 15 days, the concentration of the CO is about 24ppm, and after ten days, the CO at the upper corners is still maintained at 24-30 ppm. Grouting fire prevention and extinguishing measures are adopted in the mining area, CO continues to rise after the measures are adopted, and the CO rises to 100ppm in 2018, 10 months and 1 day. And judging that the goaf has a coal spontaneous combustion trend according to the CO concentration rising condition. Aiming at the situation, the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material provided by the invention is injected into the mining area to replace a grouting process. After the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material provided by the invention is injected, the CO concentration of the upper corner is reduced to be below 24ppm on the 5 th day, which shows that the high-temperature fire source point of the goaf is inhibited and the re-ignition phenomenon does not occur.
After the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material provided by the invention is conveyed to a fire point of a goaf through a mine grouting pipeline, the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material can be diffused in the goaf in a large area, and can cover and block low, medium and high-altitude float coals, so that the spontaneous combustion of the coal in the mine goaf can be effectively prevented.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A foam fire prevention and extinguishing material comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 0.4-0.8 part of foaming agent, 0.1-0.2 part of nano metal framework material and 100 parts of water;
the foaming agent is a mixture of dodecyl sodium salt and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate.
2. The foam fire prevention and extinguishing material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate is 1:0.6 to 1.5.
3. The foam fire prevention and extinguishing material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sodium dodecyl salt comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
4. The foam fire prevention and extinguishing material according to claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the nano metal skeleton material is 15 to 25 nm.
5. The foam fire prevention and extinguishing material according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the nano metal framework material comprises nano aluminum oxide or nano aluminum hydroxide.
6. A method for preparing the foam fire prevention and extinguishing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
and mixing the foaming agent, the nano metal framework material and water to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the mixing comprises the steps of:
carrying out first mixing on a foaming agent and water to obtain a foaming agent aqueous solution;
and carrying out second mixing on the foaming agent aqueous solution and the nano metal framework material to obtain the foam fire preventing and extinguishing material.
8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the first mixing is performed under stirring;
the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min, and the stirring time is 1-2 min.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second mixing is performed under stirring;
the rotating speed of the stirring is 1900-2100 r/min, and the time is 5-10 min.
10. The foam fire-preventing and extinguishing material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the foam fire-preventing and extinguishing material prepared by the preparation method as defined in any one of claims 6 to 9 is applied to the prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine goaf.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011292642.5A CN112439156A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Foam fire prevention and extinguishing material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011292642.5A CN112439156A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Foam fire prevention and extinguishing material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112439156A true CN112439156A (en) | 2021-03-05 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115089908A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-23 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, preparation method and application |
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| CN107670214A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-09 | 深圳市保国特卫机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of extinguishing chemical and preparation method thereof |
| CN108126293A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-06-08 | 田秋珍 | A kind of compound protein fire foam |
| CN110812771A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽理工大学 | Foam fire prevention and extinguishing material and preparation method and application thereof |
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2020
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| DE10003793A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-09-06 | Febbex Ag Steinsel | Process and extinguishing agent for extinguishing an oil and / or fat fire |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115089908A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-23 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, preparation method and application |
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