CN112437478A - Efficient MAC protocol based on variable time slots - Google Patents
Efficient MAC protocol based on variable time slots Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a design of a high-efficiency MAC protocol based on variable time slots, which mainly comprises the following steps: establishing a system model: the nodes are anchored in a certain sea area at random, N member nodes and a cluster head node N form a cluster, and the member nodes send collected data to the cluster head node through an underwater acoustic link; the cluster head node locally maintains a propagation delay table through information interaction with the member nodes, the propagation delay from each member node to the cluster head node is in the table, the network performs hour-hand synchronization, and in the subsequent data transmission process, the network periodically performs hour-hand synchronization and the cluster head node maintains the propagation delay table; defining a parallel transmission condition, a parallel transmission node, an optimal parallel transmission condition and a time slot ending condition; and the cluster head node selects the size of each time slot and the nodes which can be transmitted simultaneously in each time slot according to a parallel transmission node selection mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater wireless sensor network communication, and relates to an MAC protocol based on variable time slots.
Background
The MAC protocol can allow multiple nodes to perform data transmission on the same channel without collision, and the MAC protocol can be roughly divided into two types: a competitive MAC protocol and a non-competitive MAC protocol. TDMA, FDMA, CDMA are 3 typical non-contention based MAC protocols. TDMA, time division multiple access multiplexing, divides time into time slots, each node being assigned to one time slot for the reception and transmission of data, the nodes communicating only in the respective time slot and entering a sleep state in the other time slots. However, TDMA requires strict time-clock synchronization, which is difficult to implement in large-scale networks. FDMA is frequency division multiple access multiplexing, which is to divide a frequency band into a plurality of sub-frequency bands, and each node communicates on each sub-frequency band respectively. CDMA, i.e., code division multiple access, multiplexing, but the near-far problem limits its application in underwater networks. The underwater wireless sensor network uses sound waves for communication, the propagation speed of sound velocity under water is only 1500m/s, and is 5 orders of magnitude lower than the speed of electromagnetic waves used by a land wireless sensor network, and the characteristic causes long propagation delay of the underwater wireless sensor network. In addition, in the traditional MAC protocol, only one node is allowed to send information in one time slot, which causes a large amount of time slot waste, reduces the throughput of the network and increases the end-to-end delay. An efficient MAC protocol based on variable time slots has therefore been designed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of overlong time slot caused by long propagation delay faced by an underwater infinite sensor network, the invention provides a high-efficiency MAC protocol based on variable time slot. The invention not only reduces the waste of time slot, but also increases the concurrent transmission performance of the network, greatly reduces the end-to-end delay of the network and improves the throughput of the network. The technical scheme is as follows:
a design for a variable slot based high efficiency MAC protocol, comprising the steps of:
(1) the nodes are randomly deployed underwater, N member nodes and a cluster head node N form a cluster, the member nodes are uniformly distributed in the transmission range of the cluster head node, in the initialization stage of the network, the cluster head node locally maintains a propagation delay table through information interaction between the cluster head node and the member nodes, the propagation delay from each member node to the cluster head node is arranged in the table, the network performs hour-hand synchronization, and in the subsequent data transmission process, the network periodically performs hour-hand synchronization and the cluster head node maintains the propagation delay table;
(2) for N member nodes N1，N2，…，NnWith a corresponding propagation delay of t1>t2>…>tnThe following definitions are first given:
definition 1: parallel transmission conditions: when node NiAfter a certain time slot starts to transmit data, ti-tj>TDReferred to as node NjThe parallel transmission condition of (1);
definition 2: parallel transmission node: when node NiAfter determining that data is sent in a certain time slot, the node meeting the parallel transmission condition can be used as the node NiThe parallel transmission node of (1). Note that in our invention, node NiThe number of the parallel transmission nodes is only one, when the node NiAfter the parallel transmission node is determined, other nodes meeting the parallel transmission condition cannot be called as NiA parallel transmission node of (1);
definition 3: optimal parallel transmission conditions: when node NiAfter the data is sent at the beginning of the time slot, if there are more than one data satisfying parallel transmissionThe node with the condition is selected as the node N with the maximum propagation delayiA parallel transmission node of (1);
definition 4: the time slot end condition is as follows: when node NiAfter the data is sent at the beginning of the time slot, the rest nodes do not meet the parallel transmission condition;
(3) and the cluster head node selects the size of each time slot and the nodes which can be transmitted simultaneously in each time slot according to a parallel transmission node selection mechanism. When m nodes do not transmit data after the k-1 time slot of one round of communication is finished, redefining the m nodes as N according to the propagation delay with the cluster head node1，N2，…，NmThe corresponding propagation delay is t1>t2>…>tm. The cluster head node selects a node for parallel transmission in the kth time slot according to a parallel transmission node selection mechanism;
(4) the cluster head node determines the length of each time slot and a node set which can be transmitted in parallel in each time slot according to the propagation delay of each member node and a parallel transmission node mechanism, the cluster head node adds the information into a scheduling packet and broadcasts the information to a network at a certain moment, and each member node transmits data to the cluster head node in parallel according to the received scheduling information. Wherein, the time of broadcasting the scheduling information by the cluster head node is taken as the standard, Tmax+TOAfter the time, the data transmission starts, i.e. the first time slot is opened, and each member node transmits data at the start of each time slot according to the scheduling information. Wherein, TmaxFor maximum propagation delay in the network, TOThe transmission delay of the packet is scheduled.
The invention provides a high-efficiency MAC protocol based on variable time slots, wherein a cluster head node determines the length of the time slot and a node for transmitting data simultaneously in the time slot according to the propagation delay of a member node and the cluster head node, thereby improving the throughput and the channel utilization rate of a network.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the implementation process of the MAC protocol designed by the present invention, the following detailed description is made on the drawings involved in the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a network topology and application scenario applicable to the MAC protocol designed by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the concurrent transmission node selection mechanism.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention provides a high-efficiency MAC protocol based on variable time slots, wherein a cluster head node determines the length of a time slot and a node for simultaneously transmitting data in the time slot according to the propagation delay of a member node and the cluster head node, and allows a plurality of nodes to transmit data in a shorter time slot, thereby improving the throughput and the channel utilization rate of a network.
The provided high-efficiency MAC protocol is directed at a single-hop wireless sensor network communication scene based on a cluster structure, namely, nodes are anchored in a certain sea area at random, N member nodes and a cluster head node N form a cluster, the member nodes are uniformly distributed in the transmission range of the cluster head node, the cluster is deployed in an area needing to be detected, the member nodes send collected data to the cluster head node through an underwater acoustic link, the cluster head node forwards the data to a water surface gateway node through the underwater acoustic link after processing the data, and the gateway node transmits the data to a ground base station through a satellite link. When one cluster cannot cover the whole area, a plurality of clusters are used for detecting the area needing to be detected. In a single cluster, the member nodes transmit information back to the cluster head according to the scheduling of the cluster head nodes after collecting the information. The specific operational flow is for a single cluster.
The specific operation flow of the invention is as follows:
(1) the nodes are randomly deployed underwater, N member nodes and a cluster head node N form a cluster, the member nodes are uniformly distributed in the transmission range of the cluster head node, in the initialization stage of the network, the cluster head node locally maintains a propagation delay table through information interaction between the cluster head node and the member nodes, the propagation delay from each member node to the cluster head node is arranged in the table, the network performs hour-hand synchronization, and in the subsequent data transmission process, the network periodically performs hour-hand synchronization and the cluster head node maintains the propagation delay table;
（2）for N member nodes N1，N2，…，NnWith a corresponding propagation delay of t1>t2>…>tnThe following definitions are first given:
definition 1: parallel transmission conditions: when node NiAfter a certain time slot starts to transmit data, ti-tj>TDReferred to as node NjThe parallel transmission condition of (1);
definition 2: parallel transmission node: when node NiAfter determining that data is sent in a certain time slot, the node meeting the parallel transmission condition can be used as the node NiThe parallel transmission node of (1). Note that in our invention, node NiThe number of the parallel transmission nodes is only one, when the node NiAfter the parallel transmission node is determined, other nodes meeting the parallel transmission condition cannot be called as NiA parallel transmission node of (1);
definition 3: optimal parallel transmission conditions: when node NiAfter the data is sent at the beginning of the time slot, if a plurality of nodes meeting the parallel transmission condition exist, the node with the maximum propagation delay is selected as the node NiA parallel transmission node of (1);
definition 4: the time slot end condition is as follows: when node NiAfter the data is sent at the beginning of the time slot, the rest nodes do not meet the parallel transmission condition;
(3) and the cluster head node selects the size of each time slot and the nodes which can be transmitted simultaneously in each time slot according to a parallel transmission node selection mechanism. When m nodes do not transmit data after the k-1 time slot of one round of communication is finished, redefining the m nodes as N according to the propagation delay with the cluster head node1，N2，…，NmThe corresponding propagation delay is t1>t2>…>tm. And the cluster head node selects the node for parallel transmission in the kth time slot according to a parallel transmission node selection mechanism.
Time slot length: the length of the k-th time slot is t1+TD；
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the parallel transfer node selection mechanism:
1. let i =1, node NiFirstly, determining that data can be transmitted at the beginning of the k-th time slot;
2. when N is presentiDetermining whether a time slot ending condition is met or not when data is transmitted at the kth time slot, if so, the remaining nodes cannot transmit data at the beginning of the kth time slot, and ending the parallel transmission node selection mechanism; if the time slot ending condition is not met, starting the next step;
3、i=i+1；
4. judging whether i is less than or equal to m, if so, judging the node NiWhether the optimal parallel transmission condition is satisfied, if so, NiDetermining to transmit data at the kth time slot, returning to the step 2, and returning to the step 3 if the data is not met; if i is larger than m, no node can transmit data in the kth time slot, and the parallel transmission node selection mechanism is finished;
(4) the cluster head node determines the length of each time slot and a node set which can be transmitted in parallel in each time slot according to the propagation delay of each member node and a parallel transmission node mechanism, the cluster head node adds the information into a scheduling packet and broadcasts the information to a network at a certain moment, and each member node transmits data to the cluster head node in parallel according to the received scheduling information. Wherein, the time of broadcasting the scheduling information by the cluster head node is taken as the standard, Tmax+TOAfter the time, the data transmission starts, i.e. the first time slot is opened, and each member node transmits data at the start of each time slot according to the scheduling information. Wherein, TmaxFor maximum propagation delay in the network, TOThe transmission delay of the packet is scheduled.
Claims (1)
1. A design for a variable slot based high efficiency MAC protocol, comprising the steps of:
(1) the nodes are randomly deployed underwater, N member nodes and a cluster head node N form a cluster, the member nodes are uniformly distributed in the transmission range of the cluster head node, in the initialization stage of the network, the cluster head node locally maintains a propagation delay table through information interaction between the cluster head node and the member nodes, the propagation delay from each member node to the cluster head node is arranged in the table, the network performs hour-hand synchronization, and in the subsequent data transmission process, the network periodically performs hour-hand synchronization and the cluster head node maintains the propagation delay table;
(2) for N member nodes N1，N2，…，NnIts corresponding propagation delay from the cluster head node is t1>t2>…>tnThe following definitions are first given:
definition 1: parallel transmission conditions: when node NiAfter a certain time slot starts to transmit data, ti-tj>TDReferred to as node NjThe parallel transmission condition of (1);
definition 2: parallel transmission node: when node NiAfter determining that data is sent in a certain time slot, the node meeting the parallel transmission condition can be used as the node NiNote that in our invention, node N is the parallel transfer node ofiThe number of the parallel transmission nodes is only one, when the node NiAfter the parallel transmission node is determined, other nodes meeting the parallel transmission condition cannot be called as NiA parallel transmission node of (1);
definition 3: optimal parallel transmission conditions: when node NiAfter the data is sent at the beginning of the time slot, if a plurality of nodes meeting the parallel transmission condition exist, the node with the maximum propagation delay is selected as the node NiA parallel transmission node of (1);
definition 4: the time slot end condition is as follows: when node NiAfter the data is sent at the beginning of the time slot, the rest nodes do not meet the parallel transmission condition;
(3) the cluster head node selects the size of each time slot and the node which can be transmitted simultaneously in each time slot according to a parallel transmission node selection mechanism, m nodes do not transmit data after the k-1 time slot of one round of communication is finished, and the m nodes are redefined as N according to the propagation delay with the cluster head node1，N2，…，NmThe corresponding propagation delay is t1>t2>…>tmThe cluster head node selects a node for parallel transmission at the kth time slot according to a parallel transmission node selection mechanism;
(4) the cluster head node determines the length of each time slot and a node set which can be transmitted in parallel in each time slot according to the propagation delay of each member node and a parallel transmission node mechanism, the cluster head node adds the information into a scheduling packet and broadcasts the information to a network at a certain moment, and each member node transmits data to the cluster head node in parallel according to the received scheduling information, wherein the T is determined by taking the time when the cluster head node broadcasts the scheduling information as the referencemax+TOAfter time, data transmission begins, i.e. the first time slot is opened, and each member node transmits data at the beginning of each time slot according to scheduling information, wherein TmaxFor maximum propagation delay in the network, TOThe transmission delay of the packet is scheduled.
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Patent Citations (4)
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| WO2006120651A2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Distributed medium access protocol for wireless mesh networks |
| US20180302911A1 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method for scheduling transmissions in wireless networks |
| CN110943861A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multilink concurrent transmission method suitable for underwater acoustic sensor network |
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