CN112433420A - Rapid focus detection device and method for aerial camera - Google Patents
Rapid focus detection device and method for aerial camera Download PDFInfo
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- CN112433420A CN112433420A CN202011370316.1A CN202011370316A CN112433420A CN 112433420 A CN112433420 A CN 112433420A CN 202011370316 A CN202011370316 A CN 202011370316A CN 112433420 A CN112433420 A CN 112433420A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/18—Focusing aids
Abstract
A rapid focus detection device and a focus detection method of an aerial camera relate to the technical field of aerial camera measurement and imaging, and solve the problem that the existing focus detection method is low in focus detection precision; the light emitted by the illumination light source illuminates an emission square fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 through a scattering mirror to serve as targets; the target is reflected by a focusing reflector, a lens and a scanning reflector in sequence, then returns along the original path, is reflected by the focusing reflector, and is imaged on a corresponding photosensitive element after passing through a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiver; the focusing controller is used for receiving the voltages of the two photosensitive elements, obtaining the peak value of the voltage and being used for focus detection analysis. The invention can ensure the focus detection precision and has shorter focus detection time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerial camera measurement and imaging, in particular to a fast focus detection device and method of an aerial camera.
Background
When an aerial camera is used for imaging in the air, the phenomenon of defocusing can be caused due to the changes of temperature, atmospheric pressure and photographic distance, the definition and the resolution of an image are seriously influenced, and the phenomenon is particularly caused by a long-focus camera. Therefore, to obtain a high-definition image, the camera needs to perform automatic focusing before photographing. At present, a common detection focusing method for an aerial camera is a photoelectric self-collimation type, a grating is placed on an image surface to serve as a target, the image is imaged through an optical system and then reflected back to the image surface through a reflector, a photosensitive element is used for receiving the image, and the focal plane is judged through received energy. However, this method only needs to move the entire focus detection range one by one to determine the best position of the focus detection, which takes a lot of time.
With reference to fig. 1, the conventional focus detection method is a photoelectric auto-collimation method, and a specific focus detection system includes a photosensitive element 1, a focus detection lamp 2, a scattering mirror 3, a receiver grating 4, an emitter grating 5, a focusing mirror 6, a lens 7, and a scanning mirror 8; an emitting square grating 5 is placed on the position of a CCD image surface as a target, imaging is carried out through an optical system (the light source of a focus detection lamp 2 irradiates the emitting square grating 5 after passing through a scattering mirror 3, and the target returns along the original path after passing through a focusing reflector 6, a lens 7 and a scanning reflector), then the target is reflected back to the image surface through the focusing reflector 6, the light sensitive element 1 on the image surface is used for receiving, and the focal surface is judged through the received energy. In the whole focus detection range, dividing into large stepping distances, detecting the focus point by point, and then judging a maximum value point; after finding the maximum point, dividing the maximum point into medium stepping distances within a large stepping distance range before and after the maximum value, detecting the focus one by one, and finding the maximum point; if the required precision is high, the steps are further repeated, and the maximum value point is found and used as the optimal image surface position.
According to the characteristics of the optical system, when the spatial resolution of the grating is different, the corresponding focal depth is also changed. When the spatial resolution of the grating is close to the Nyquist frequency of the optical system, the focal depth of the focus detection system is basically the same as that of the optical system; when the spatial resolution of the grating is much smaller than the nyquist frequency of the optical system, the focal depth of the focus detection system is much larger than that of the optical system, resulting in a decrease in focus detection accuracy. But at the same time, the energy is improved, and obvious transfer function change can be generated in a larger range, so that the focal plane position can be easily identified in a larger range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid focus detection device and a rapid focus detection method of an aerial camera, aiming at solving the problem of low focus detection precision of the existing focus detection method.
A fast focus detection device of an aerial camera comprises an electric control unit and a structural unit, wherein the electric control unit comprises a camera controller, a focusing controller and a reflector controller; the structure unit comprises a scanning reflector, a lens, an illumination light source, a scattering mirror, a focusing reflector and a photosensitive element; the optical fiber grating also comprises a fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 of a transmitting party, and a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiving party;
the scanning reflector is perpendicular to the optical axis, the camera controller sends a focus detection instruction to the focusing controller and the reflector controller, the focusing controller drives the focusing reflector to an initial focusing position, and the reflector controls the scanning reflector to swing; the light emitted by the illumination light source illuminates an emission square fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 through a scattering mirror to serve as targets;
the target is reflected by a focusing reflector, a lens and a scanning reflector in sequence, then returns along the original path, is reflected by the focusing reflector, and is imaged on a corresponding photosensitive element after passing through a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiver;
the focusing controller is used for receiving the voltages of the two photosensitive elements, obtaining the peak value of the voltage and analyzing the focus.
A fast focus detection method of an aerial camera is realized by the following steps:
step one, lighting an illumination light source, and placing a fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 of an emitting party and a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiving party on a CCD image surface; the camera controller sends a focus detection instruction to the focusing controller and the reflector controller, the focusing controller drives the focusing reflector to an initial focusing position, and the reflector controller controls the scanning reflector to swing back and forth along a scanning direction vertical to the optical axis;
step two, the light emitted by the illumination light source simultaneously illuminates two groups of gratings with different resolutions on an emitting side through a scattering mirror, then passes through a focusing reflector and a lens, is reflected by a scanning reflector, passes through the lens and the focusing reflector along the original path, and is imaged on corresponding photosensitive elements through a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 on a receiving side;
thirdly, the focusing controller receives the voltage of the corresponding photosensitive element to obtain the peak value of the voltage for focal plane analysis;
in the process of focus detection, the fine grating A2 and the sparse grating B2 of a receiver simultaneously detect focus, and during the coarse focus detection, the maximum value of the coarse focus detection is determined by adopting a large step pitch and adopting the photocell voltage of the sparse grating B2 as a judgment basis; during fine focus detection, the peak point of the voltage is found in a small range near the optimal focal plane position by adopting a small step pitch and adopting the photocell voltage of the fine grating A2 as a judgment basis, and the optimal focal plane position is determined.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the automatic focus detection method can obtain higher focus detection precision and shorter focus detection time of the aerial camera. The original method mainly adopts one of sparse grating or fine grating, and only adopts the sparse grating, so that the precision is relatively low; when only a fine grating is adopted, only a small step length can be adopted for focus detection, the precision is high, but the time consumption is long. Therefore, the method can ensure the focus detection precision and simultaneously has shorter focus detection time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view showing a conventional focus detection principle.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fast focus detection device of an aerial camera according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a focus detection peak signal; wherein, (a) is a focusing state modulation signal schematic diagram, and (b) is a defocusing state modulation signal schematic diagram.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the focal plane position and the peak voltage.
Detailed Description
In a first specific embodiment, the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and a fast focus detection device for an aerial camera includes an electronic control unit and a structural unit, where the electronic control unit includes a camera controller, a focus controller, and a reflector controller; the structural unit comprises a scanning reflector 8, a lens 7, an illumination light source 9, a scattering mirror 3, a focusing reflector 6, two photosensitive elements C, a fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 of an emitting party, and a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiving party;
the scanning reflector 8 is perpendicular to the optical axis, the camera controller sends a focus detection instruction to the focusing controller and the reflector controller, the focusing controller drives the focusing reflector to an initial focusing position, and the reflector controls the scanning reflector 8 to swing; the light emitted by the illumination light source 9 illuminates an emission square fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 through a scattering mirror 3 to serve as targets;
the target is reflected by the focusing reflector 6, the lens 7 and the scanning reflector 8 in sequence, then returns along the original path, is reflected by the focusing reflector 6, and is imaged on the corresponding photosensitive element C after passing through the fine grating A2 and the sparse grating B2 of the receiver;
and the focusing controller is used for receiving the voltages of the two photosensitive elements C, filtering, keeping and sampling to obtain the peak value of the voltage, and the peak value is used for focus detection analysis.
In this embodiment, the illumination light source illuminates one side of the fine grating a1 and the sparse grating B1 on the emitting side, the image of the grating is returned through the focusing mirror 6, the lens 7 and the scanning mirror 8, and then the image is formed on the CCD image plane, and the photosensitive element is placed at the corresponding position on the image plane to receive the image of the grating. The image of the grating is just coincident with the grating when in focusing, the light energy received by the photosensitive element is the largest, the output signal is the largest, and the image of the grating is not coincident with the grating when out of focusing, so that the light energy passing through the grating is small, and the signal output by the photosensitive element is small. During focus detection, the control reflector swings slightly at a position vertical to the optical axis, so that a signal output by the photoelectric device is a modulation signal, as shown in fig. 3, (a) the modulation signal is large in an in-focus state, and (b) the modulation signal is small in an out-of-focus state.
According to the above characteristics, in the present embodiment, two gratings having different resolutions are used for both the transmitting side and the receiving side, the spatial resolution of the fine grating is the nyquist frequency, and the spatial resolution of the sparse grating is 1/6 to 1/4 of the nyquist frequency, and then 2 photosensitive elements are used for receiving the corresponding grating images on the receiving side. During focus detection, the two groups of photosensitive elements work simultaneously, the position near the optimal focus surface is quickly found according to the voltage change of the sparse grating, then fine focus detection is carried out near the optimal focus surface according to the voltage change of the fine grating, and as shown in fig. 4, the optimal focus surface position is found, so that the focus detection precision is ensured to meet the requirement.
In this embodiment, the lens 7, the emission square fine grating a1 and the sparse grating B1, the reception side fine grating a2 and the sparse grating B2, and the two photosensitive elements C are all perpendicular to the optical axis direction. The scanning mirror 8 oscillates slightly in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. (the dotted line in FIG. 2 is the optical axis).
The focusing controller of the embodiment adopts a digital signal processor (TMS320F2812) of Texas instruments and Inc. (TI) of America as a main controller, has high-speed operation capability and high-efficiency control capability towards a motor, and is characterized in that: 50MHz working frequency, 32 bit data lines, 18kRAM, 128kFLASH, 16-channel PWM, 3 timers and 2 full-duplex SCI serial ports. Data are exchanged among the focusing controller, the camera controller and the CCD data acquisition system through RS-422 serial ports, and DS26C31 and DS26C32 are selected as RS-422 serial communication interface chips.
The camera controller also selected TMS320F2812 from Texas instruments, Inc. (TI) of USA as the master controller. DS26C31 and DS26C32 are selected as RS-422 serial communication interface chips and are in serial communication with a focus detection and adjustment controller, a reflector controller and a CCD data acquisition system.
The mirror controller also uses TMS320F2812 from Texas instruments, Inc. (TI) of USA as the master controller. DS26C31 and DS26C32 are selected as RS-422 serial communication interface chips and are in serial communication with the camera controller. After receiving the focus detection instruction sent by the camera controller, the reflector controller rotates the reflector to a focus detection position, so that light emitted by the illumination light source is reflected to the CCD.
In a second specific embodiment, the present embodiment is a method for quickly detecting focus of an aerial camera according to the first specific embodiment, and the method is implemented by the following steps:
step one, lighting an illumination light source, and placing two groups of gratings on a CCD image surface; the camera controller sends a focus detection instruction to the focusing controller and the reflector controller, the focusing controller drives the focusing reflector to an initial focusing position, and the reflector controller controls the scanning reflector to swing back and forth along a scanning direction vertical to the optical axis;
step two, the light emitted by the illumination light source simultaneously illuminates two groups of gratings with different resolutions on an emitting side through a scattering mirror, then passes through a focusing reflector and a lens, is reflected by a scanning reflector, passes through the lens and the focusing reflector along the original path, and is imaged on corresponding photosensitive elements through two groups of gratings on a receiving side;
thirdly, the focusing controller receives the voltage of the corresponding photosensitive element to obtain the peak value of the voltage for focal plane analysis;
in the process of focus detection, two groups of gratings at a receiver simultaneously detect focus, and during rough focus detection, a large step pitch (distance of 2-5 times of focal depth) is adopted, and the maximum value of the rough focus detection is determined by adopting the photovoltaic cell voltage of a sparse grating as a judgment basis; during fine focus detection, a small step pitch (the distance of 0.2-0.5 times of the focal depth) is adopted, the voltage of a photocell of a fine grating is used as a judgment basis, a peak point of the voltage is found in a small range of 1 time of the focal depth near the optimal focal plane position, and the optimal focal plane position is determined.
In this embodiment, the emission-side fine grating a1 and the sparse grating B1, and the reception-side fine grating a2 and the sparse grating B2 are placed at the CCD image plane position, the spatial resolution of the fine grating a1 and the fine grating a2 is 50lp/mm of the nyquist frequency, and the spatial resolution of the sparse grating B1 and the sparse grating B2 is 1/5, that is, 10lp/mm of the nyquist frequency. During focus detection, the fine grating A2 and the sparse grating B2 grating of the emitting party are simultaneously used for focus detection, and during coarse focus detection, the maximum value of the coarse focus detection is easily found by adopting a large step pitch and adopting the photocell voltage of the sparse grating B2 as a judgment basis; and then, when fine focus detection is carried out, the peak point can be found in a small range near the optimal focal plane position by adopting a small step pitch and adopting the photocell voltage of the fine grating A2 as a judgment basis, so that the focus detection precision can be ensured, and meanwhile, the short focus detection time is adopted.
In this embodiment, a specific implementation of the method will be described with reference to a focusing system of an aerial camera of a certain type. The camera adopts area array CCD imaging, the focal length of an optical system is 550mm, the aperture is 5.6, the CCD pixel size of a detector is 10um, so the Nyquist frequency of the system is 50lp/mm, the visible light wave band imaging is realized, the spectral range is 480 nm-546 nm-680 nm, the typical wavelength lambda is 546nm, and the focal depth delta of the optical system is 546nm
Δ＝4F2λ＝4×5.62×546×10-6mm＝0.068mm
Depending on the nature of the optical system, the image quality does not change over the depth of focus, which can significantly degrade the imaging quality if the defocus exceeds half the depth of focus. The accuracy of the required focus detection cannot exceed half the depth of focus. I.e., the error is ± 0.034 mm.
The total focusing stroke is +/-2.0 mm according to the range of the defocusing amount given by the optical system and considering the allowance of the structural design.
Claims (4)
1. A fast focus detection device of an aerial camera comprises an electric control unit and a structural unit, wherein the electric control unit comprises a camera controller, a focusing controller and a reflector controller; the structure unit comprises a scanning reflector (8), a lens (6), an illumination light source (9), a scattering mirror (3), a focusing reflector (6) and a photosensitive element; the method is characterized in that: the optical fiber grating also comprises a fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 of a transmitting party, and a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiving party;
the scanning reflector (8) is perpendicular to the optical axis, the camera controller sends a focus detection instruction to the focusing controller and the reflector controller, the focusing controller drives the focusing reflector to an initial focusing position, and the reflector controls the scanning reflector (8) to swing; the light emitted by the illumination light source (9) illuminates an emission square fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 through a scattering mirror (3) as a target;
the target is reflected by a focusing reflector (6), a lens (7) and a scanning reflector (8) in sequence, then returns along the original path, is reflected by the focusing reflector (6), and is imaged on a corresponding photosensitive element after passing through a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiving party;
the focusing controller is used for receiving the voltages of the two photosensitive elements, obtaining the peak value of the voltage and analyzing the focus.
2. The rapid focus detection device of an aerial camera according to claim 1, wherein: the spatial resolution of the fine grating A1 and the fine grating A2 and the fine grating A2 is the Nyquist frequency, and the spatial resolution of the sparse grating B1 and the sparse grating B3538 is 1/6-1/4 of the Nyquist frequency.
3. The focus detection method of the rapid focus detection device of the aerial camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method is realized by the following steps:
step one, lighting an illumination light source (9), and placing a fine grating A1 and a sparse grating B1 of an emitting party and a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 of a receiving party on a CCD image surface; the camera controller sends a focus detection instruction to the focusing controller and the reflector controller, the focusing controller drives the focusing reflector (6) to an initial focusing position, and the reflector controller controls the scanning reflector to swing back and forth along a scanning direction vertical to the optical axis;
step two, the light emitted by the illumination light source (9) simultaneously illuminates two groups of gratings with different resolutions on an emitting side through a scattering mirror (3), then passes through a focusing reflector and a lens, is reflected by a scanning reflector, passes through the lens and the focusing reflector along the original path, and is imaged on corresponding photosensitive elements through a fine grating A2 and a sparse grating B2 on a receiving side;
thirdly, the focusing controller receives the voltage of the corresponding photosensitive element to obtain the peak value of the voltage for focal plane analysis;
in the process of focus detection, the fine grating A2 and the sparse grating B2 of a receiver simultaneously detect focus, and during the coarse focus detection, the maximum value of the coarse focus detection is determined by adopting a large step pitch and adopting the photocell voltage of the sparse grating B2 as a judgment basis; during fine focus detection, the peak value point of the voltage is found in the range of 1 time of the focal depth of the optimal focal plane position by adopting small step pitch and adopting the photocell voltage of the fine grating A2 as a judgment basis, and the optimal focal plane position is determined.
4. A method of focus detection as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the method is realized by the following steps: the large step distance in the third step is 2-5 times of the focal depth, and the small step distance is 0.2-0.5 times of the focal depth.
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